Pharmacokinetic aspects of drug therapy in the elderly

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 1986, Pages 249-255

  Greenblatt, David J ^a   Abernethy, Darrell R ^b   Shader, Richard I ^a  

^a TUFTS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPRAZOLAM; DIAZEPAM; IMIPRAMINE; LIDOCAINE; LORAZEPAM; PARACETAMOL; PHENAZONE; PROPRANOLOL; QUINIDINE;

AGE; AGED; AGING; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG THERAPY; DRUG TOXICITY; HUMAN; INTOXICATION; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PHARMACOKINETICS; PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SURVEY; THERAPY;

AGED; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; HALF-LIFE; HUMAN; KINETICS; METABOLIC CLEARANCE RATE; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; PROTEIN BINDING; SERUM ALBUMIN; SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S.;

EID: 0022919549     PISSN: 01634356     EISSN: 15363694     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00007691-198609000-00001     Document Type: Note

References (69)

1. Koch-Weser J. Serum drug concentrations as therapeutic guides. N Engl J Med 1972;287:227-31
2. Friedman H, Greenblatt DJ. Rational therapeutic drug monitoring. JAMA 1986; (in press).
3. Greenblatt DJ, Shader RL. Pharmacokinetics in clinical practice. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders, 1985
4. Greenblatt DJ, Koch-Weser J. Clinical pharmacokinetics. N Engl J Med 1975;293:702-5,964-70
5. Abernethy DR, Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Harmatz JS, Shader RL. Alterations in drug distribution and clearance due to obesity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1981;217:681-5
6. Abernethy DR, Greenblatt DJ. Pharmacokinetics of drugs in obesity. Clin Pharmacokinet 1982;7:108-24
7. Abernethy DR, Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Shader RL. Prolongation of drug half-life due to obesity: studies of desmethyl-diazepam (Clorazepate). J Pharm Sci 1982;71:942-4
8. Greenblatt DJ, Abernethy DR, Locniskar A, Harmatz JS, Limjuco RA, Shader RL. Effect of age, gender, and obesity on midazolam kinetics. Anesthesiology 1984;61:27-35
9. Greenblatt DJ. Elimination half-life of drugs: value and limitations. Ann Rev Med 1985;36:421-7
10. Greenblatt DJ, Abernethy DR, Divoll M. Is volume of distribution at steady-state a meaningful kinetic variable? J Clin Pharmacol 1983;23:391-400
11. Bruce A, Andersson M, Arvidsson B, Isaksson B. Body composition. Prediction of normal body potassium, body water and body fat in adults on the basis of body height, body weight and age. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1980;40:461-73
12. Novak LP. Aging, total body potassium, fat-free mass, and cell mass in males and females between ages 18 and 35 years. J Gerontol 1972;27:438-43
13. Forbes GB, Reina JC. Adult lean body mass declines with age: some longitudinal observations. Metabolism 1970;19:653-63
14. Greenblatt DJ, Sellers EM, Shader RL. Drug disposition in old age. N Engl J Med 1982;306:1081-8
15. Vestal RE. Pharmacology and aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 1982;30:191-200
16. Vestal RE. Drug use in the elderly. Drugs 1978;16:358-82
17. Greenblatt DJ, Shader RL, Franke K, MacLaughlin DS, Ransil BJ, KochWeser J. Kinetics of intravenous chlordi-azepoxide: sex differences in drug distribution. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1977;22:893-903
18. Greenblatt DJ, Abernethy DR, Locniskar A, Ochs HR, Harmatz JS, Shader RL. Age. sex, and nitrazepam kinetics: relation to antipyrine disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1985;38:697-703
19. Friedman SA, Raizner AE. Rosen H, Solomon NA, Sy W. Functional defects in the aging kidney. Ann Intern Med 1972;76:41-5
20. Rowe JW, Andres R, Tobin JD, Norris AH, Shock NW. The effects of age on creatinine clearance in man: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. J Gerontol 1976;31:155-63
21. Ochs HR. Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, Bodem G. Dengler HJ. Clinical implications of serum digoxin concentrations. Klin Wochenschr 1981;59:501-7
22. Dybkaer R, Lauritzen M, Krakauer R. Relative reference values for clinical, chemical and haematological quantities in 'healthy' elderly people. Acta Med Scand 1981;209:1-9
23. Rowe JW, Andres R, Tobin JD, Norris AH, Shock NW. Age-adjusted standards for creatinine clearance. Ann Intern Med 1976;84:567-9
24. Ewy GA, Kapadia GG, Yao L, Lullin M, Marcus FI. Digoxin metabolism in the elderly. Circulation 1969:39:449-53
25. Cusack B, Kelly J, O'Malley K, Noel J, Lavan J, Horgan J. Digoxin in the elderly: pharmacokinetic consequences of old age. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1979;25:772-6
26. Redolfi A, Borgogelli E, Lodola E. Blood level of cimetidine in relation to age. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1979;15:257-61
27. Reidenberg MM, Camacho M, Kluger J, Drayer DE. Aging and renal clearance of procainamide and acetylprocain-amide. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1980;28:732-5
28. Drayer DE, Romankiewicz J, Lorenzo B, Reidenberg MM. Age and renal clearance of cimetidine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1982;31:45-50
29. Siersbaek-Nielsen K, Hansen JM, Kampmann J, Kris-teensen M. Rapid evaluation of creatinine clearance. Lancet 1981;1:1133-4
30. Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976;16:31-41
31. Schmucker DL. Aging and drug disposition: an update. Pharmacol Rev 1985;37:133-48
32. Breimer DD. Interindividual variations in drug disposition clinical implications and methods of investigation. Clin Pharmacokinel 1983;8:371-7
33. Stevenson IH. Factors influencing antipyrine elimination. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1977;4:261-5
34. Vesell ES. The antipyrine test in clinical pharmacology: conceptions and misconceptions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1979;26:275-86
35. O'Malley K, Crooks J, Duke E, Stevenson IH. Effect of age and sex on human drug metabolism. Br Med J 1971;3:607-9
36. Liddell DE, Williams FM, Briant RH. Phenazone (antipyrine) metabolism and distribution in young and elderly adults. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1975;2:481-7
37. Wood AJJ, Vestal RE, Wilkinson GR, Branch RA, Shand DG. Effect of aging and cigarette smoking on antipyrine and indocyanine green elimination. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1979;26:16-20
38. Vestal RE, Norris AH, Tobin JD. Cohen BH. Shock NW, Andres R. Antipyrine metabolism in man: influence of age, alcohol, caffeine, and smoking. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1975;18:425-532
39. Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Abernethy DR, Harmatz JS, Shader RL. Antipyrine kinetics in the elderly: prediction of age-related changes in benzodiazepine oxidizing capacity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1982;220:120-6
40. Bach B, Hansen JM. Kampmann JP. Rasmussen SN, Skovsted L. Disposition of antipyrine and phenytoin correlated with age and liver volume in man. Clin Pharmacokinel 1981;6:389-96
41. Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Abernethy DR, Moschitto LJ, Smith RB, Shader RL. Alprazolam kinetics in the elderly: relation to antipyrine disposition. Arch Gen Psvch 1983;40:287-90
42. Divoll M, Greenblatt DJ, Ochs HR, Shader RL Absolute bioavailability of oral and intramuscular diazepam: effect of age and sex. Anesth Analg 1983;62:1-8
43. Shader Rl, Greenblatt DJ, Ciraulo DA, Divoll M, Harmatz JS, Georgotas A. Effect of age and sex on disposition of desmethyldiazepam formed from its precursor clorazepate. Psychopharmacologx 1981;75:193-7
44. Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Puri SK, Ho I, Zinny MA, Shader RL. Clobazam kinetics in the elderly. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1981;12:631-6
45. Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Harmatz JS, MacLaughlin DS, Shader RL Kinetics and clinical effects of flurazepam in young and elderly noninsomniacs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1981;30:475-86
46. Shader RL, Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, Franke K, KochWeser J. Absorption and disposition of chlordiazepoxide in young and elderly male volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 1977;17:709-18
47. Allen MD, Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, Shader RL Desmethyldiazepam kinetics in the elderly after oral prazepam. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1980;28:196-202
48. Greenblatt DJ, Allen MD, Harmatz JS, Shader RL Diazepam disposition determinants. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1980;27:301-12
49. Greenblatt DJ, Abernethy DR, Matlis R, Harmatz JS, Shader RL. Absorption and disposition of ibuprofen in the elderly. Arthritis Rheum 1984;27:1066-9
50. Wilkinson GR, Shand DG. A physiological approach to hepatic drug clearance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1975;18:377-90
51. Abernethy DR, Greenblatt DJ. Impairment of lidocaine clearance in elderly male subjects. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1983:5:1093-6
52. Abernethy DR, Greenblatt DJ, Shader RL Imipramine and desipramine disposition in the elderly. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1985;232:183-8
53. Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Abernethy DR, Moschitto LJ, Smith RB, Shader RL. Reduced clearance of triazolam in old age: relation to antipyrine oxidizing capacity. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1983;15:303-9
54. Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Harmatz JS, Shader RL Oxazepam kinetics: effects of age and sex. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1980;215:86-91
55. Shull HJ. Wilkinson GR, Johnson R, Schenker S. Normal disposition of oxazepam in acute viral hepatitis and cirrhosis. Ann Intern Med 1976:84:420-525
56. Ochs HR, Greenblatt DJ, Otten H. Disposition of oxazepam in relation to age, sex, and cigarette smoking. Klin Wochenschr 1981;59:899-903
57. Kraus JW, Desmond PV, Marshall JP, Johnson RF. Schenker S. Wilkinson GR. Effects of aging and liver disease on disposition of lorazepam. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1978;24:411-9
58. Divoll M, Abernethy DR, Ameer B, Greenblatt DJ. Acetaminophen kinetics in the elderly. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1982;31:151-6
59. Greenblatt DJ, Abernethy DR, Divoll M, Shader RL. Close correlation of acetaminophen clearance with that of conjugated benzodiazepines but not oxidized benzodiazepines. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1983;25:113-5
60. Swift CG, Ewen JM. Clarke P, Stevenson IH. Responsiveness to oral diazepam in the elderly: relationship to total and free plasma concentrations. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1985: 20:111-8
61. Swift CG, Swift MR, Ankier SI, Pidgen A, Robinson J. Single dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral loprazolam in the elderly. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1985;20:119-28
62. Koch-Weser J. Sellers EM. Binding of drugs to serum albumin. N Engl J Med 1976;294:311-6, 526-31
63. Greenblatt DJ. Reduced serum albumin concentration in the elderly: a report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program. J Am Gerialr Soc 1979;27:20-2
64. Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Abernethy DR, Shader Rl. Physiologic changes in old age: relation to altered drug disposition. J Am Gerialr Soc 1982;30Nov. suppl:S6-10
65. Davis D, Grossman SH, Kitchell BB, Shand DG, Routledge PA. The effects of age and smoking on the plasma protein binding of lignocaine and diazepam. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1985;19:261-5
66. Abernethy DR. Kerzner L. Age effects on alpha-l-acid glycoprotein concentration and imipramine plasma protein binding. J Am Gerialr Soc 1984;32:705-8
67. Richey DP, Bender AD. Pharmacokinetic consequences of aging. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1977;17:49-65
68. Gibaldi M, Koup JR. Pharmacokinetic concepts: drug binding, apparent volume of distribution and clearance. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1981;20:299-305
69. Wagner JG. Simple model to explain effects of plasma protein binding and tissue binding on calculated volumes of distribution, apparent elimination rate constants and clearances. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1976;10:425-32