Geomagnetic Temporal Change: 1903-1982, A Spline Representation

Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity

Volumn 38, Issue 6, 1986, Pages 573-597

  Malin, S R C ^c   Arraclough, D R ^b  

^a NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^b BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD; MODELS OF SECULAR VARIATION; SECULAR VARIATION; SPLINE FITTING; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS;

EID: 0022879368     PISSN: 00221392     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5636/jgg.38.573     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. ALLDREDGE, L. R., Geomagnetic variations with periods from 13 to 30 years, Geomag. Geoelectr., 29, 123-135, 1977.
2. BARRACLOUGH, D. R. and S. R. C. MALIN, Geomagnetic secular acceleration, Geophys. J.R. Astron. Soc., 58, 785-793, 1979.
3. BARRACLOUGH, D.R., J.M. HARWOOD, B.R. LEATON, and S.R.C. MALIN, A model of the geomagnetic field at epoch 1975, Geophys. J.R. Astron. Soc., 43, 645-649, 1975.
4. BENKOVA, N. P., V.P. GOLOVKOV, N.V. KULANIN, and T.N. CHEREVKO, Spatial and temporal distribution of the 60-yr. geomagnetic variations, Geomagn. & Aeron., 22, 523-526 (in English trans., 638-642 in Russian), 1982.
5. BRAGINSKII, S. I., Torsional magnetohydrodynamic vibrations in the earth's core and variations in day length, Geomagn. & Aeron., 10, 1-8 (In English trans., 3-12 in Russian), 1970a.
6. BRAGINSKII, S. I., Oscillation spectrum of the hydromagnetic dynamo of the earth, Geomagn. & Aeron., 10, 172-181 (In English trans., 221-233 in Russian), 1970b.
7. BRAGINSKII, S. I., Analytical description of the secular variation of the geomagnetic field and the speed of rotation of the earth, Geomagn. & Aeron., 22, 88-94 (In English trans., 115-122 in Russian), 1982.
8. BRAGINSKII, S. I., Short-period geomagnetic secular variation, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 30, 1-78, 1984.
9. CAIN, J.C., S.J. HENDRICKS, R. A. LANGEL, and W.V. HUDSON, A proposed model for the International Geomagnetic Reference Field-1965, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 19, 335-355, 1967.
10. COURTILLOT, V. and J. L. LE Mouël, On the long period variations of the earth's magnetic field from 2 months to 20 years, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 2941-2950, 1976.
11. COURTILLOT, V., and J. L. LE Mouël, Geomagnetic secular variation impulses, Nature, 311, 709-716, 1984.
12. COURTILLOT, V., J. L. LE Mouël, and P.N. MAYAUD, Maximum entropy spectral analysis of the geomagnetic activity index as over a 107-year interval, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 2641-2649, 1977.
13. COURTILLOT, V., J. DUCRUIX, and J. L. LE Mouël, Sur une accélération recénte de la variation seculaire du champ magnetique terrestre, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, D287, 1095-1098, 1978.
14. Cox, M.G., The numerical evaluation of B-splines, J. Inst. Maths Applics., 10, 134-149, 1972.
15. CURRIE, R.G., Geomagnetic line spectra-2 to 70 years, Astrophys. Space Sci., 21, 425-438, 1973.
16. CURRIE, R.G., Long period magnetic activity-2 to 100 years, Astrophys. Space Sci., 39, 251-254, 1976.
17. DE BOOR, C., On calculating with B-splines, Approximation Theory, 6, 50-62, 1972.
18. DUCRUIX, J. and J. L. LE Mouël, Existence et caractéré planétaire d'une secousse de la variation seculaire du champ geomagnetique en 1912-1913, C.R. Hebd., Seanc. Acad. Sci., Paris, B296, 1419-1424, 1983.
19. DUCRUIX, J., V. CXOURTILLOT, and J. L. LE Mouël, The late 1960s secular variation impusle, the eleven year magnetic variation and the electrical conductivity of the deep mantle, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 61, 73-94, 1980.
20. FORSYTHE, G. E. and C.B. MOLER, Computer Solution of Linear Algebraic Systems, 148 pp. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1967.
21. GIRE, C., J.L. LE Mouël, and J. DUCRUIX, Evolution of the geomagnetic secular variation field from the beginning of the century, Nature, 307, 349-352, 1983.
22. GOLOVKOV, V.P., Relation between secular geomagnetic field variations and the daily rotation of the earth, Geomagn. & Aeron., 17, 488-491 (In English trans., 735-741 in Russian), 1977.
23. GOLOVKOV, V.P. and G.I. KOLOMIYTSEVA, Morphology of 60-year geomagnetic field variations in Europe, Geomagn. & Aeron., 11, 571-574 (In English trans., 674-678 in Russian), 1971.
24. GUBBINS, D., Geomagnetic field analysis-II. Secular variation consistent with a perfectly conducting core, Geophys. J.R. Astron. Soc., 77, 753-766, 1984.
25. HARWOOD, J. M. and S. R. C. MALIN, Sunspot cycle influence on the geomagnetic field, Geophys. J.R. Astron. Soc., 50, 605-619, 1977.
26. HAYES, J.G., Numerical methods for curve and surface fitting, Bull. Inst. Math. Applications, 144-152, May/June, 1974.
27. HODDER, B.M., Geomagnetic secular variation since 1901, Geophys. J.R. Astron. Soc., 65, 763-776 and microfiche GJ65/1, 1981.
28. JAMES, R.W., An equation for estimating westward drift, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 20, 429-431, 1968.
29. JAMES, R.W., Decomposition of geomagnetic secular variation into drifting and non-drifting components, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 22, 241-252, 1970.
30. JIN, R.S., and D.M. THOMAS, Spectral line similarity in the geomagnetic dipole field variations and length of day fluctuations, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 828-834, 1977.
31. KAHLE, A.B., R.H. BALL, and J.C. CAIN, Prediction of geomagnetic secular changes confirmed, Nature, 223, 165, 1969.
32. KALININ, Y. D., and T.S. ROZANOVA, Internal and external components of the 60-yr. variations in the geomagnetic fields, Geomagn. & Aeron., 22, 395-396 (In English trans.), 1982.
33. LANGEL, R. A. and R.H. ESTES, The near-earth magnetic field at 1980 determined from Magsat data, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 2495-2509, 1985.
34. LANGEL, R. A., R.H. ESTES and G.D. MEAD, Some new methods in geomagnetic field modeling applied to the 1960-1980 epoch, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 34, 327-349, 1982.
35. LE Mouël, J. L. and V. COURTILLOT, Core motions, electromagnetic core-mantle coupling and variations in the earth's rotation: New constraints from geomagnetic secular variation impulses, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 24, 236-241, 1981.
36. LE Mouël, J. L. and V. COURTILLOT, On the outer layers of the earth and geomagnetic secular variation, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 4103-4108, 1982.
37. LE Mouël, J. L., T.R. MADDEN, J. DUCRUIX, and V. COURTILLOT, Decade fluctuations in geomagnetic westward drift and earth rotation, Nature, 290, 763-765, 1981.
38. LE Mouël, J. L., J. DUCRUIX, and C. H., DUYEN, The worldwide character of the 1969-1970 impulse of the secular variation rate, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 28, 337-350, 1982.
39. LEWIS, A.G., Annual mean values of geomagnetic elements 1978, Geomag. Bull. Inst. Geol. Sci., 10, 1-296, 1981.
40. MALIN, S.R., Geomagnetic secular variation and its changes, 1942.5 to 1962.5, Geophys. J.R. Astron. Soc., 17, 415-441, 1969.
41. MALIN, S.R.C. and E. BULLARD, The direction of the earth's magnetic field at London, 1950-1975, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., 279A, 357-423, 1981.
42. MALIN, S.R.C., D.R. BARRACLOUGH and B.M. HODDER, A compact algorithm for the formation and solution of normal equations, Computers and Geosciences 8, No. 3-4, 355-358, 1982.
43. MALIN, S. R. C., B.M. HODDER, and D.R. BARRACLOUG, Geomagnetic secular variation: A Jerk in 1970, Pub. Obs. L'bro, Memoria No. 14, 239-256, 1983.
44. MCLEOD, M.G., On the geomagnetic jerk of 1970, submitted to J. Geophys. Res., 1984.
45. MORRISON, L. V., Redetermination of the decade fluctuations in the rotation of the earth in the period 1861-1978, Geophys, J.R. Astron. Soc., 58, 349-360, 1979.
46. NAGATA, T., Two main aspects of geomagnetic secular variation-westward drift and non-drifting components, in Proc. Benedum Earth Magnetism Symp., pp. 39-55, 1962.
47. ORLOV, V.P., The leading trends of the secular variation investigation, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 17, 277-286, 1965.
48. PAPITASHVILI, N. Y. and N.M. ROTANOVA, Method of maximum entropy and its application to the analysis of geomagnetic time series, Geomagn. & Aeron., 19, 359-363 (In English trans., 543-550 in Russian), 1979.
49. PAPITASHVILI, N. Y., N.M. ROYANOVA, and A.N. PUSHKOV, 60-year geomagnetic field variations in Europe, Geomagn. & Aeron., 20, 493-496, (In English trans., 711-717 in Russian), 1980.
50. PRESS, F. and P. BRIGGS, Chandler wobble, earthquakes, rotation and geomagnetic changes, Nature, 256, 270-273, 1975.
51. RICHMOND, A.D., Relation of the westward drift of the geomagnetic field to the rotation of the Earth's core, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 3013-3018, 1969.
52. ROTANOVA, N. M., N. Ye. PAPITASHVILI, and A.N. PUSHKOV, Space-time analysis of the 60-yr field variations according to data from a global network of observatories, Geomagn. & Aeron., 22, 692-695 (In English trans., 847-851 in Russian), 1982a.
53. ROTANOVA, N. M., N. Ye. PAPITASHVILI, and A.N. PUSHKOV, Use of natural orthogonal components to distinguish and analyse the 60-yr geomagnetic field variations, Geomagn. & Aeron., 22, 821-825 (In English trans., 1003-1009 in Russian), 1982b.
54. ROTANOVA, N. M., N.E. PAPITASHVILI, S. V. FILIPPOV, and T.A. CHERNOVA, Identification and analysis of 60-yr variations of the geomagnetic field from the time-series of spherical harmonic coefficients, Geomagn. & Aeron., 23, 673-679 (In English trans., 829-836 in Russian), 1983.
55. SLAUCITAJS, L. and D.E. WINCH, Some morphological aspects of geomagnetic secular variation, Planet. Space Sci., 13, 1097-1110, 1965.
56. SMIRNOV, N.P., Variations in the length of the day and geomagnetic field variations, Geomagn. & Aeron., 5, 146-149 (In English trans., 193-197 in Russian), 1965.
57. STEPHENSON, F. R. and L.V. MORRISON, Long-term changes in the rotation rate of the Earth: 700 B.C. to A.D. 1980, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., A313, 47-70, 1984.
58. STOYKO, N., Surles variations du champ magnetique et le rotation de la Terre, C. R. Hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci. Paris, 233, 80-82, 1951.
59. VESTINE, E. H., On variation of the geomagnetic field, fluid motions, and the rate of the earth's rotation, J. Geophys. Res., 58, 127-145, 1953.
60. VESTINE, E.H. and A.B. KAHLE, The westward drift and geomagnetic secular change, Geophys. J.R. Astron. Soc., 15, 29-37, 1968.
61. WATANABE, H. and T. YUKUTAKE, Electromagnetic core-mantle coupling associated with changes in the geomagnetic dipole field, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 26, 153-173, 1975.
62. WHITHAM, K., The relationship between the secular change and the non-dipole fields, Can. J. Phys., 36, 1372-1396, 1958.
63. YUKUTAKE, T., The effect of change in the geomagnetic dipole moment on the rate of the earth's rotation, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 24, 19-47, 1972.
64. YUKUTAKE, T., Fluctuations in the earth's rate of rotation related to changes in the geomagnetic dipole field, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 25, 195-212, 1973.