Multiple co-existence of peptides and classical transmitters in peripheral autonomic and sensory neurons—functional and pharmacological implications

Progress in Brain Research

Volumn 68, Issue C, 1986, Pages 241-262

  Lundberg, Jan M ^a   Hökfelt, Tomas ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NEUROTRANSMITTER;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; CAT; GUINEA PIG; HUMAN; METABOLISM; PERIPHERAL NERVE; RAT; SENSORY NERVE CELL; SWINE;

ANIMAL; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; CATS; GUINEA PIGS; HUMAN; NEURONS, AFFERENT; NEUROTRANSMITTERS; PERIPHERAL NERVES; RATS; SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; SWINE;

EID: 0022852245     PISSN: 00796123     EISSN: 18757855     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)60242-3     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Agnati, L.F., Fuxe, K., Benfenati, F., Battistini, N., Härfstrand, A., Tatemoto, K., Hökfelt, T., Mutt, V., Neuro-peptide Y selectively increases the number of alpha-adrenergic binding sites in membranes of the medulla oblongata of the rat. Acta physiol. Scand. 118 (1983), 293–295.
2. Allen, J.M., Tatemoto, K., Polak, J.M., Hughes, J., Bloom, S.R., Two novel related peptides, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) inhibit the contraction of the electrically stimulated mouse vas deferens. Neuropeptides 3 (1982), 71–77.
3. Allen, J.M., Bircham, P., Edwards, A., Tatemoto, K., Bloom, S.R., Neuropeptide Y (NPY) reduces myocardial perfusion and inhibits the force of contraction of the isolated perfused rabbit heart. Regul. Peptides 6 (1983), 247–252.
4. Amara, S.G., Jonas, V., Rosenfeld, M.G., Ong, E.S., Evans, R.M., Alternative processing in calcitonin gene expression generates mRNAs encoding different polypeptide products. Nature (Lond.) 198 (1982), 240–244.
5. Andersson, K.E., Högestätt, E.D., On the mechanisms of action of calcium antagonists. Acta med. Scand., Suppl. 681 (1984), 11–24.
6. Bataille, D., Gespach, D., Laburthe, M., Amiranoff, B., Tatemoto, K., Vauculin, N., Mutt, V., Rosselin, G., Peptide having N-terminal histidine and C-terminal isolercineamide (PHI). Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and secretin-like effects in different tissues from the rat. FEBS Lett. 114 (1980), 240–242.
7. Brain, S.D., Williams, T.J., Tippins, J.R., Moris, H.R., Mac Intyre, I., Calcitonin gene-related peptide is a potent vasodilator. Nature (Lond.) 313 (1984), 54–56.
8. Carlsson, A., Drugs which block the storage of 5-hydroxytryptamine and related amines. Erspamer, V., (eds.) Handbook Exp. Pharm., Vol. 19, 1965, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 529–592.
9. 2-adrenoceptor antagonists by diltiazem and verapamil. Circulat. Res., Suppl. 1:52 (1983), 69–76.
10. Dahlöf, C., Dahlöf, P., Lundberg, J.M., Neuropeptide Y (NPY): Enhancement of blood-pressure increase upon α-adrenoceptor activation and direct pressor effects in pithed rats. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 109 (1985), 289–292.
11. Dahlöf, C., Dahlöf, P., Tatemoto, K., Lundberg, J.M., Neuropeptide Y (NPY) reduces field stimulation-evoked release of noradrenaline and enhances contractile force in the rat portal vein. N.S. Arch. Pharmacol. 328 (1985), 327–330.
12. Darke, A.C., Smaje, L.H., Dependence of functional vasodilation in the cat submaxillary gland upon stimulation frequency. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 226 (1972), 191–203.
13. Edwall, B., Gazelius, B., Lundberg, J.M., Fazekas, A., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and sympathetic control of blood flow in oral mucosa and dental pulp. Acta physiol. Scand. 125 (1985), 253–264.
14. Edwards, A.V., Järhult, J., Andersson, P.-O., Bloom, S.R., The importance of the pattern of stimulation in relation to the response of autonomic effectors. Bloom, S.R., Polak, J.M., Lindenlaub, E., (eds.) Systemic Role of Regulatory Peptides, 1982, Schattauer, Stuttgart, 145–148.
15. Edvinsson, L., Emson, P.C., McCulloch, K., Tatemoto, K., Uddman, R., Neuropeptide Y, cerebrovascular innervation and vasomotor effects in the cat. Neurosci. Lett. 43 (1983), 79–84.
16. Edvinsson, L., Ekblad, E., Håkanson, R., Wahlestedt, C., Neuropeptide Y potentiates the effect of various vasoconstrictor agents on rabbit blood vessels. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 83 (1984), 519–525.
17. Edvinsson, L., Emson, P., Mc Culloch, J., Tatemoto, K., Uddman, R., Neuropeptide Y: Immunocytochemical localization to and effect upon feline pial arteries and veins in vitro and in situ. Acta physiol. Scand. 122 (1984), 155–163.
18. Ekblad, E., Edvinsson, L., Wahlestedt, C., Uddman, R., Håkanson, R., Sundler, F., Neuropeptide Y co-exists and co-operates with noradrenaline in perivascular nerve fibres. Regul. Peptides 8 (1984), 225–235.
19. Franco-Cereceda, A., Lundberg, J.M., Dahlöf, C., Neuropeptide Y and sympathetic control of heart contractility and coronary vascular tone. Acta physiol. Scand. 129 (1985), 361–370.
20. Franco-Cereceda, A., Lundberg, J.M., Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and capsaicin-induced stimulation of heart contractility. N.S. Arch. Pharmacol. 331 (1986), 146–151.
21. A. Franco-Cereceda, J.M. Lundberg, H. Henke, J.B. Petermann, T. Hökfelt, J.A. Fischer 1986 Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P in capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons: comparative distribution and CGRP release by capsaicin. Regul. Peptides (in press).
22. Fried, G., Small noradrenergic storage vesicles isolated from rat vas deferens — biochemical and morphological characterization. Acta physiol. Scand., Suppl. 493 (1980), 1–28.
23. Fried, G., Lundberg, J.M., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Subcellular storage and axonal transport of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in relation to catecholamines in the cat. Acta physiol. Scand. 125 (1985), 145–154.
24. Fried, G., Terenius, L., Hökfelt, T., Goldstein, M., Evidence for differential localization of noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in neuronal storage vesicles isolated from rat vas deferens. J. Neurosci. 5 (1985), 450–458.
25. Gamse, R., Molnar, A., Lembeck, F., Substance P release from spinal cord slices by capsaicin. Life Sci. 25 (1979), 629–636.
26. Hellström, P.M., Olerup, O., Tatemoto, K., Neuro-peptide Y may mediate effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on colonic motility and blood flow in the cat. Acta physiol. Scand. 124 (1985), 613–624.
27. 3H-noradrenaline. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 18 (1962), 161–166.
28. 3H-norepinephrine. J. Pharmacol. 136 (1962), 289–292.
29. Hirst, G.D.S., Neild, T.O., Evidence for two populations of excitatory receptors for noradrenaline on arteriolar smooth muscle. Nature (Lond.) 283 (1980), 767–768.
30. Hökfelt, T., Kellerth, J.O., Nilsson, G., Pernow, B., Experimental immunohistochemical studies on the localization and distribution of substance P in cat primary sensory neurons. Brain Res. 100 (1975), 235–252.
31. Hua, X., Lundberg, J.M., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Brodin, E., Comparison of cardiovascular and broncho-constrictor effects of substance P, substance K and other tachykinins. N.S. Arch. Pharmacol. 307 (1984), 196–201.
32. Hua, X., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Brodin, E., Lundberg, J.M., Hökfelt, T., Multiple tachykinins (neurokinin A, neuropeptide K and substance P) in capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons in the guinea-pig. Regul. Peptides 13 (1985), 1–19.
33. Itoh, W., Obata, K., Yanaihara, N., Okamoto, H., Human mepro-vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) mRNA contains the coding sequence for a novel PHI-27 like peptide, PHM-27. Nature (Lond.) 304 (1983), 547–549.
34. Jancsó, G., Hökfelt, T., Lundberg, J.M., Kiraly, E., Halász, N., Nilsson, G., Terenius, L., Rehfeld, J., Steinbusch, H., Vernofstad, A., Elde, R., Said, S., Goldstein, M., Immunohistochemical studies on the effects of capsaicin on spinal and medullary peptide and monoamine neurons using antisera to substance P, gastrin/CCk, somatostatin, VIP, enkephalin, neurotensin and 5-hydroxytryptamine. J. Neurocytol. 10 (1981), 963–980.
35. Jessell, T.M., Iversen, L.I., Cuello, A.C., Capsaicin-induced depletion of substance P from primary sensory neurons. Brain Res. 152 (1978), 183–188.
36. Kangawa, K., Minamino, N., Fukuda, A., Matsuo, H., Neuromedin K: A novel mammalian tachykinin identified in porcine spinal cord. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 114 (1983), 533–540.
37. Kartsson, J.A., Finney, M., Persson, C.G., Post, C., Substance P antagonists and the role of tachykinins in non-cholinergic bronchoconstriction. Life Sci. 35 (1984), 2681–2691.
38. Kimura, S., Okada, M., Sugita, Y., Kanazawa, I., Munekata, E., Novel neuropeptides, neurokinin α and β isolated from porcine spinal cord. Proc. jap. Acad. 59B (1983), 101–104.
39. Larsson, O., Dunér-Engström, M., Lundberg, J.M., Fredholm, B.B., Änggård, A., Comparative effects of VIP, PHI and substance P on blood vessels and secretory elements of the human submandibular gland. Regul. Peptides 13 (1986), 329–336.
40. Lembeck, F., Holzer, P., Substance P as neurogenic mediator of antidromic vasodilatation and neurogenic plasma extravasation. N.S. Arch. Pharmacol. 310 (1979), 175–183.
41. Lembeck, F., Donnerer, J.R., Bartho, L., Inhibition of neurogenic vasodilatation and plasma extravasation by substance P antagonists, somatostatin and (D-metPhe)-enkephalinamide. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 850 (1982), 171–179.
42. Ljung, B., Physiological patterns of neuroeffector control mechanisms. Bevan, J.A., (eds.) 2nd Int. Symp. on Vascular Neuroeffector Mechanisms, 1976, Karger, Basel, 143–155.
43. Lundberg, J.M., Evidence for co-existence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and acetylcholine in neurons of cat exocrine glands. Morphological, biochemical and functional studies. Acta physiol. Scand., Suppl. 496:112 (1981), 1–57.
44. Lundberg, J.M., Hökfelt, T., Co-existence of peptides and classical neurotransmitters. Trends Neurosci. 6 (1983), 325–333.
45. Lundberg, J.M., Saria, A., Capsaicin-induced desensitization of the airway mucosa to cigarette smoke, mechanical and chemical irritants. Nature (Lond.) 302 (1983), 251–253.
46. 3H-noradrenaline and the contractile response evoked by field stimulation in rat vas deferens. Acta physiol. Scand. 120 (1984), 477–479.
47. Lundberg, J.M., Tatemoto, K., Pancreatic polypeptide family (APP, BPP, NPY and PYY) in relation to α-adrenoceptor-resistant sympathetic vasoconstriction. Acta physiol. Scand. 116 (1982), 393–402.
48. Lundberg, J.M., Hökfelt, T., Schultzberg, M., Uvnäs-Wallensten, K., Köhler, C., Said, S.I., Occurrence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity in certain cholinergic neurons of the cat: evidence from combined immunohistochemistry and acetylcholinesterase staining. Neuroscience 4 (1979), 1539–1559.
49. Lundberg, J.M., Hökfelt, T., Änggård, A., Kimmel, J., Goldstein, M., Markey, K., Co-existence of an avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP) immunoreactive substance and catecholamines in some peripheral and central neurons. Acta physiol. Scand. 110 (1980), 107–109.
50. Lundberg, J.M., Änggård, A., Fahrenkrug, J., Complementary role of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and acetylcholine for cat submandibular blood flow and secretion. III. Effects of local infusions. Acta physiol. Scand. 114 (1982), 329–338.
51. Lundberg, J.M., Änggård, A., Fahrenkrug, J., Lundgren, C., Holmstedt, B., Co-release of VIP and acetylcholine in relation to blood flow and salivary secretion in cat submandibular salivary gland. Acta physiol. Scand. 115 (1982), 525–528.
52. Lundberg, J.M., Hedlund, B., Bartfai, T., Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) enhances muscarinic ligand binding in the cat submandibular salivary gland. Nature (Lond.) 295 (1982), 147–149.
53. Lundberg, J.M., Hökfelt, T., Änggård, A., Terenius, L., Elde, R., Markey, K., Goldstein, M., Organization principles in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system: Subdivision by co-existing peptides (somatostatin-, avian pancreatic polypeptide- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive materials). Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. USA 79 (1982), 1303–1307.
54. Lundberg, J.M., Terenius, L., Hökfelt, T., Martling, C.R., Tatemoto, K., Mutt, V., Polak, J., Bloom, S.R., Goldstein, M., Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in peripheral noradrenergic neurons and effects of NPY on sympathetic function. Acta physiol. Scand. 116 (1982), 477–480.
55. Lundberg, J.M., Martling, C.R., Saria, A., Folkers, K., Rosell, S., Cigarette smoke-induced oedema due to activation of capsaicin-sensitive vagal afferents and substance P release. Neuroscience 10 (1983), 1361–1363.
56. Lundberg, J.M., Saria, A., Brodin, E., Rosell, S., Folkers, K., A substance P antagonist inhibits vagally induced inflammation and bronchial smooth muscle contraction in the guinea-pig. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. USA 80 (1983), 1120–1124.
57. Lundberg, J.M., Terenius, L., Hökfelt, L., Hökfelt, T., Goldstein, M., High levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in peripheral noradrenergic neurons in various mammals including man. Neurosci. Lett. 42 (1983), 167–172.
58. Lundberg, J.M., Änggård, A., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Pernow, J., Guanethidine-sensitive release of NPY-like immunoreactivity by sympathetic nerve stimulation. Neurosci. Lett. 52 (1984), 175–180.
59. Lundberg, J.M., Brodin, E., Hua, X., Saria, A., Vascular permeability changes and smooth muscle contraction in relation to capsaicin-sensitive substance P afferents in the guinea-pig. Acta physiol. Scand. 120 (1984), 217–227.
60. Lundberg, J.M., Fahrenkrug, J., Hökfelt, T., Martling, C.-R., Larsson, O., Tatemoto, K., Änggård, A., Co-existence of peptide HI (PHI) and VIP in nerves regulating blood flow and bronchial smooth muscle tone in various mammals including man. Peptides 5 (1984), 593–605.
61. Lundberg, J.M., Fahrenkrug, J., Larsson, O., Änggård, A., Corelease of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and peptide histidine isoleucine in relation to atropine-resistant vasodilation in cat submandibular salivary gland. Neurosci. Lett. 52 (1984), 37–42.
62. Lundberg, J.M., Hua, X.Y., Franco-Cereceda, A., Effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on mechanical activity and neurotransmission in the heart, vas deferens and urinary bladder of the guinea-pig. Acta physiol. Scand. 121 (1984), 325–332.
63. Lundberg, J.M., Hua, X., Fredholm, B., Capsaicin-induced stimulation of the guinea-pig atrium: Involvement of a novel sensory transmitter or a direct action on myocytes. N.S. Arch. Pharmacol. 325 (1984), 176–182.
64. Lundberg, J.M., Saria, A., Rosell, S., Folkers, K., A substance P antagonist inhibits heat-induced oedema in the rat skin. Acta physiol. Scand. 120 (1984), 145–146.
65. Lundberg, J.M., Saria, A., änggård, A., Hökfelt, T., Terenius, L., Neuropeptide Y and noradrenaline interaction in peripheral cardiovascular control. Clin. exp. Theory Practice A6 (1984), 1961–1972.
66. Lundberg, J.M., Terenius, L., Hökfelt, T., Tatemoto, K., Comparative immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis of pancreatic polypeptide-like peptides with special reference to presence of neuropeptide Y in central and peripheral neurons. J. Neurosci. 4 (1984), 2376–2386.
67. Lundberg, J.M., änggård, A., Pernow, J., Hökfelt, T., Neuropeptide Y, substance P and VIP-immunoreactive nerves in cat spleen in relation to autonomic vascular and volume control. Cell Tiss. Res. 239 (1985), 9–18.
68. Lundberg, J.M., Franco-Cereceda, A., Hua, X.-Y., Hökfelt, T., Fischer, J., Co-existence of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivities in substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivities in sensory nerves in relation to cardiovascular and bronchoconstrictor effects of capsaicin. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 108 (1985), 315–319.
69. Lundberg, J.M., Martinsson, A., Hemsén, A., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Svedenhag, J., Ekblom, E., Hjemdahl, P., Co-release of neuropeptide Y and catecholamines during physical exercise in man. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 133 (1985), 30–36.
70. Lundberg, J.M., Pernow, J., Dahlöf, C., Pre- and postjunctional effects of NPY on sympathetic control of rat femoral artery. Acta physiol. Scand. 123 (1985), 511–513.
71. Lundberg, J.M., Saria, A., Franco-Cereceda, T., Hökfelt, L., Terenius, Goldstein, M., Differential effects of reserpine and 6-hydroxydopamine on neuropeptide Y and noradrenaline in peripheral neurons. N.S. Arch. Pharmacol. 328 (1985), 331–340.
72. Lundberg, J.M., Saria, A., Franco-Cereceda, A., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Treatment with sympatholytic drugs changes tissue content of neuropeptide Y in cardiovascular nerves and adrenal gland. Acta physiol. Scand. 124 (1985), 603–611.
73. Lundberg, J.M., Torsell, L., Sollevi, A., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Pernow, J., änggård, A., Hamberger, B., Neuropeptide Y and sympathetic vascular control in man. Regul. Peptides 13 (1985), 41–52.
74. Lundberg, J.M., Al-Saffar, A., Saria, A., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Reserpine-induced depletion of neuropeptide Y from cardiovascular nerves and adrenal gland due to neurogenic activation. N.S. Arch. Pharmacol. 332 (1986), 163–168.
75. Lundberg, J.M., Fried, G., Pernow, J., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., änggård, A., NPY — a mediator of reserpine-resistant, non-adrenergic vasoconstriction in cat spleen after preganglionic denervation?. Acta physiol. Scand. 126 (1986), 151–152.
76. Lundberg, J.M., Hemsén, A., Fried, G., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Lagercrantz, H., High plasma levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity and catecholamines in newborn infants. Acta physiol. Scand. 126 (1986), 471–473.
77. Lundberg, J.M., Rudehill, A., Sollevi, A., Theordorsson-Norheim, E., Hamberger, B., Frequency and reserpine-dependent chemical coding of sympathetic transmission: Differential release of noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y from pig spleen. Neurosci. Lett. 63 (1986), 96–100.
78. Lundblad, L., Protective reflexes and vascular effects in the nasal mucosa elicited by activation of capsaicin-sensitive substance P-immunoreactive trigeminal neurons. Acta physiol. Scand., Suppl. 529 (1984), 1–42.
79. Lundblad, L., Lundberg, J.M., Änggård, A., Zetterström, O., Capsaicin pretreatment inhibits the flare component of the cutaneous allergic reaction in man. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 113 (1985), 461–462.
80. Meldrum, L.A., Burnstock, G., Evidence that ATP acts as a co-transmitter with noradrenaline in sympathetic nerves supplying the guinea-pig vas deferens. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 92 (1983), 161–163.
81. Molnar, J.G., György, L., Unyi, G., Kenyeres, J., The effect of capsaicin on the isolated guinea-pig ileum and auricle. Acta physiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 35 (1969), 369–374.
82. Nagy, J., Capsaicin's action on the nervous system. Trends Neurosci. 5 (1982), 62–65.
83. Nawa, H., Hirose, T., Takashima, H., Inayama, S., Nakanishi, S., Nucleotide sequences of cloned cDNAs for two types of bovine brain substance P precursor. Nature (Lond.) 306 (1983), 32–36.
84. Otsuka, M., Monishi, S., Substance P — the first peptide neurotransmitter?. Trends Neurosci. 6 (1983), 317–320.
85. Papka, R., Furness, J.B., Della, N.G., Murphy, R., Costa, M., Time course effect of capsaicin on ultrastructure and histochemistry of substance P-immunoreactive nerves associated with the cardiovascular system of the guinea-pig. Neuroscience 12 (1984), 1277–1292.
86. Pernow, J., Saria, A., Lundberg, J.M., Mechanisms underlying pre- and postjunctional effects of neuropeptide Y in sympathetic vascular control. Acta physiol. Scand. 126 (1986), 239–249.
87. Rosell, S., Sedvall, G., The rate of disappearance of vascoconstrictor responses to sympathetic chain stimulation after reserpine treatment. Acta physiol. Scand. 56 (1962), 306–314.
88. Rosell, S., Olgart, L., Gazelius, B., Panopoulos, P., Folkers, K., Hong, J., Inhibition of antidromic and substance P-induced vasodilatation by a substance P antagonist. Acta physiol. Scand. 111 (1981), 381–382.
89. Rosenfeld, M.G., Mermod, J.J., Amara, S.G., Swanson, W., Sawchenko, P., Rivier, J., Vale, W., Evans, R., Production of a novel neuropeptide by the calcitonin gene via tissue-specific RNA processing. Nature (Lond.) 304 (1983), 129–132.
90. Saria, A., Lundberg, J.M., Hua, X., Lembeck, F., Capsaicin-induced substance P release and sensory control of vascular permeability in the guinea-pig ureter. Neurosci. Lett. 41 (1983), 167–172.
91. Saria, A., Lundberg, J.M., SkofitschLembeck, F., Vascular protein leakage in various tissues induced by substance P, capsaicin, bradykinin, serotonin, histamine and by antigen challenge. N.S. Arch. Pharmacol. 324 (1983), 212–218.
92. Saria, A., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Gamse, R., Lundberg, J.M., Release of substance P- and substance K-like immunoreactivities from the isolated perfused guinea-pig lung. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 106 (1985), 207–208.
93. Saria, A., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Lundberg, J.M., Evidence for specific neuropeptide Y-binding sites in rat brain synaptosomes. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 107 (1985), 105–107.
94. Sedvall, G., Short-term effects of reserpine on noradrenaline levels in skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol. Scand. 62 (1964), 101–108.
95. Sneddon, P., Westfall, D.F., Fedan, J.S., Co-transmitters in the motor nerves of the guinea-pig vas deferens: Electrophysiological evidence. Science N.Y. 218 (1982), 693–695.
96. Stjärne, L., Åstrand, P., Relative pre- and postjunctional roles of noradrenaline and adenosine 5’triphosphate as neurotransmitters of the sympathetic nerves of guinea-pig and mouse vas deferens. Neuroscience 3 (1985), 929–946.
97. Tatemoto, K., Neuropeptide Y;: the complete amino-acid sequence of the brain peptide. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. USA 79 (1982), 5485–5489.
98. Tatemoto, K., Mutt, V., Isolation and characterization of the intestinal peptide porcine PHI (PHI-27) a new member of the glucagon secretion family. Proc. nat. Sci. USA 28 (1981), 6603–6607.
99. Tatemoto, K., Lundberg, J.M., Jörnvall, M., Mutt, V., Neuropeptide K: Isolation, structure and biological activities of a novel brain tachykinin. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 128 (1985), 947–953.
100. Tippins, J.R., Morris, H.R., Panico, M., Etienne, T., Bevis, P., Girgis, S., MacIntyre, I., Pazria, M., Attinger, M., The myotropic and plasma calcitonin modulating effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide. Neuropeptides 4 (1984), 425–434.
101. Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Hemsén, A., Lundberg, J.M., Radioimmunoassay for neuropeptide Y (NPY): chromatographic characterization of immunoreactivity in plasma and tissue extracts. Scand. J. Lab. Invest. 45 (1985), 355–365.
102. Van Meel, J., De Jonger, A., Kalkman, H.H., Wilffert, B., Timmermans, P., Van Zwielen, P., Organic and inorganic calcium antagonists reduce vasoconstriction in vivo mediated by postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors. N.S. Arch. Pharmacol. 316 (1981), 288–293.
103. Von Euler, U.S., A specific sympathomimetic ergone in adrenergic nerve fibres (sympathin) and its relations to adrenaline and noradrenaline. Acta physiol. Scand. 12 (1946), 73–97.
104. Wisenfeld-Hallin, Z., Hökfelt, T., Lundberg, J.M., Forssmann, W., Reinecke, M., Tschopp, F., Fischer, J., Immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P co-exist in sensory neurons and interact in spinal behavioural responses of the rat. Neurosci. Lett. 52 (1984), 199–204.