Partial Oxidation of Methane

Catalysis Reviews

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 1986, Pages 13-88

  Pitchai, R ^a   Klier, K ^a  

^a LEHIGH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CATALYSIS; CHEMICAL REACTIONS - PYROLYSIS; FORMALDEHYDE; METHANOL; ZEOLITES;

ALUMINOSILICATES; PARTIAL OXIDATION; SUPERACIDS; THERMODYNAMICS; ZIEGLER-NATTA TYPE CATALYSTS;

METHANE;

EID: 0022506524     PISSN: 01614940     EISSN: 15205703     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03602458608068085     Document Type: Article

References (202)

1. M. M. Holm and E. H. Reichl, Fiat Report No. 1085, Office of Military Government for Germany (U.S.), March 31, 1947.
2. D. A. Dowden, C. R. Schnell, and G. T. Walker, Proceedings of the 4th International Congress on Catalysis, Moscow, p. 201 (1968).
3. D. W. E. Axford and R. G. W. Norrish, Proc. R. Soc., A192, 518 (1948).
4. J. F. Walker, Formaldehyde, 3rd ed., Reinhold, New York, 1964, pp. 206–212 and references therein.
5. W. H. Cheng, C. J. Machiels, U. Chowdhury, and A. W. Sleight, Paper Presented to the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, American Chemical Society Symposium, St. Louis, Missouri, April 8–13, 1984, Paper No. 52.
6. E. W. Blair and T. S. Wheeler, J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 41, 303 (1922).
7. D. A. Dowden and G. T. Walker, U.K. Patent 1,244,001 (August 25, 1971), assigned to ICI, England.
8. H. J. F. Stroud, U.K. Patent 1,398,385 (June 18, 1975), assigned to British Gas Corporation.
9. R.-S. Liu, M. Iwamoto, and J. H. Lunsford, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., p. 78 (1982).
10. H.-F. Liu, R.-S. Liu, K. Y. Liew, R. E. Johnson, and J. H. Lunsford, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 106, 4117 (1984).
11. M. M. Khan and G. A. Somorjai, J. Catal., 91, 263 (1985).
12. M. Iwamoto, Japanese Kokai Tokkyo Koho 5,892,629 (June 2, 1983).
13. C. J. Machiels and A. W. Sleight, in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on the Chemistry and Uses of Molybdenum (H. F. Barry and P. C. H. Mitchell, eds.), Climax Molybdenum Co., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1982, p. 411.
14. R. Pitchai and K. Klier, To Be Published.
15. J. Buiten, J. Catal., 10, 188 (1968).
16. O. Glemser and R. V. Haeseler, Z. Anorg. Allgem. Chem., 316, 168 (1962).
17. O. Glemser and H. G. Wendlandt, Adv. Inorg. Chem. Radiochem., 5 (1963).
18. T. Millner and J. Neugebauer, Nature, 163, 601 (1949).
19. I. Nicolau, A. Aguilo, and P. B. deGroot, in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on the Chemistry and Uses of Molybdenum (H. F. Barry and P. C. H. Mitchell, eds.), Climax Molybdenum Co., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1982, p. 234.
20. C. N. Satterfield, Heterogeneous Catalysis in Practice, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1980, p. 197.
21. L. Ya. Margolis, Adv. Catal., 14, 429 (1963).
22. D. E. Keene, PhD Thesis, The City University, London, 1969.
23. R. B. Anderson, K. C. Stein, J. J. Freenan, and L. J. E. Hofer, Ind. Eng. Chem., 53, 809 (1961).
24. D. J. Hucknall, Selective Oxidation of Hydrocarbons, Academic, London, 1974, pp. 6–22.
25. C. F. Cullis, D. E. Keene, and D.-L. Trimm, J. Catal., 19, 378 (1970).
26. R. S. Mann and M. K. Dosi, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 29, 467 (1979).
27. J. R. Anderson and B. H. McConkey, J. Catal., 11, 54 (1968).
28. G. C. Bond, Catalysis by Metals, Academic, London, 1962.
29. J. H. Sinfelt, Bimetallic Catalysts. Discoveries, Concepts and Applications, Wiley, New York, 1983.
30. D. J. Hucknall, B. M. Willatt, and R. J. Hockham, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 6, 213 (1980).
31. C. F. Cullis and B. M. Willatt, J. Catal., 86, 187 (1984).
32. G. Rovida, F. Pratesi, and E. Ferroni, J. Catal., 41, 140 (1976).
33. S. Naito and H. Kuroda, The 1984 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies, Honolulu, Hawaii, December 1984, Paper No. 03G15.
34. G. König, German Offen, 3,101,024 (1982).
35. B. M. Ershov, P. M. Stadnik, and V. I. Gomanai, Katal. Katal., Akad. Nauk Ukr. SSR Respub, Mezhvedom Sb, 3, 111–120 (1967).
36. B. M. Ershov, P. M. Stadnik, and V. I. Gomanai, Dopov. Akad. Nauk Ukr. R.S.R., Ser. B, 29, 346 (1967).
37. P. M. Stadnik, V. I. Gomanai, V. V. Grodzitskii, and B. M. Ershov, USSR Patent 222,362 (July 22, 1968).
38. V. V. Grodzitskii and P. M. Stadnik, Ukr, Khim. Zh., 34, 760 (1968).
39. V. V. Grodzitskii and P. M. Stadnik, Katal. Katal., 11, 61 (1974).
40. V. I. Gomanai, I. Yu. Kovach, and O. I. Vorozhil'chak, Katal. Katal., 11, 56 (1974).
41. V. I. Gomanai, V. A. Borko, B. M. Ershov, and K. Yu. Sekeresh, Prevrashch. Uglevodorodov Kislotno-Osnovn. Geterogennykh Katal., Tezisy Dokl., Vses. Konf., p. 206 (1977).
42. M. Miura, Y. Kubota, T. Iwaki, K. Takimoto, and Y. Muraoka, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 42, 1476 (1969).
43. E. M. Zinina, I. P. Mukhlenov, and A. Ya. Averbukh, Gaz. Prom., 11, 43 (1966).
44. I. P. Mukhlenov, E. M. Zinina, and A. Ya. Averbukh, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 40, 535 (1967).
45. E. M. Zinina and A. Ya. Averbukh, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 42, 234 (1969).
46. I. P. Mukhlenov, A. I. Vitvitskii, and A. Ya. Averbukh, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 42, 1775 (1969).
47. A. Ya. Averbukh, A. I. Vitvitskii, I. P. Mukhlenov, and M. F. Mikhalev, Massoobmennye Protessy Khim. Tekhnol., 4, 168 (1969).
48. I. P. Mukhlenov, E. M. Zinina, and A. Ya. Averbukh, Massoobmennye Protessy Khim. Tekhnol., 4, 172 (1969).
49. A. Ya. Averbukh and A. I. Vitvitskii, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 43, 1408 (1970).
50. I. P. Mukhlenov, E. M. Zinina, and A. Ya. Averbukh, Izv. Vyssh, Ucheb. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 13, 1776 (1970).
51. I. P. Mukhlenov, A. Ya. Averbukh, and V. I. Rutkovskii, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 44, 2104 (1971).
52. V. I. Rutkovskii, I. P. Mukhlenov, and A. Ya. Averbukh, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 44, 2102 (1971).
53. A. Ya. Averbukh, V. I. Rutkovskii, and I. P. Mukhlenov, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 45, 1941 (1972).
54. I. P. Mukhlenov, A. R. Vilenskii, and A. Ya. Averbukh, USSR Patent 338,021 (January 16, 1973); Chem. Abstr., 78, 164813d.
55. A. Ya. Averbukh and A. R. Vilenskii, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 46, 333 (1973).
56. A. R. Vilenskii, I. P. Mukhlenov, A. Ya. Averbukh, and V. A. Kholodnov, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 46, 1960 (1973).
57. A. Ya. Averbukh, V. I. Rutkovskii, A. S. Turbin, and A. P. Ushakov, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 47, 453 (1974).
58. A. Ya. Averbukh, I. P. Mukhlenov, and A. R. Vilenskii, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 17, 1225 (1974).
59. I. P. Mukhlenov, A. Ya. Averbukh, A. R. Vilenskii, and V. I. Rutkovskii, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 18, 1081 (1975).
60. A. Ya. Averbukh and N. Yu. Pavlova, USSR Patent 498,030 (January 5, 1976); Chem. Abstr., 84, 112313v.
61. A. Ya. Averbukh, I. P. Mukhlenov, and A. R. Vilenskii, Osnovn. Org. Sint. Neftekhim., 7, 12 (1977); Chem. Abstr., 90, 167996z.
62. A. Ya. Averbukh, I. P. Mukhlenov, Yu. A. Ivanov, and L. I. Musienko, Prevrashch. Uglevodorodov Kislotno-Qsnovn. Geterogennykh Katal., Tezisy Dokl., Vses Konf., p. 216 (1977).
63. V. D. Sokolovskii, Kinet. Katal., 11, 96 (1970).
64. I. P. Mukhlenov, A. R. Vilenskii, and A. Ya. Averbukh, Izv. Vyssh. Ucheb. Zaved., Khim. Khim., Tekhnol., 13, 1636 (1970).
65. B. M. Ershov and Z. L. Butsko, Deposited Document, SPSTL 762 Khp-D81, 1981, 9 pp.
66. B. M. Ershov, K. Yu. Sekeresh, I. I. Gusinka, and M. A. Pueva, Deposited Document (1982) SPSTL 1273 Khp-D82, 1982, 8 pp.
67. V. A. Borko, V. I. Gomanai, and K. Yu. Sekeresh. React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 14, 439 (1980).
68. M. Eusuf, A. M. Hasan R. Khan, and F. A. Chowdhury, Sci. Res., 6, 17 (1969).
69. M. Eusuf and A. M. Hasan R. Khan, Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res., 10, 135 (1975).
70. V. I. Atroshchenko, N. A. Gavrya, and Z. M. Shchedrin — skaya, Tr. Khar'kovsk. Politekhn. Inst., 39, 11 (1962).
71. V. I. Atroshchenko and Z. M. Shchedrinskaya, Tr. Khar'kovsk. Politekhn. Inst., 39, 19 (1962).
72. V. I. Atroshchenko, Z. M. Shchedrinskaya, and N. A. Gavrya, Zh. Prikl, Khim. (Leningrad), 38, 643 (1965).
73. M. Iwamoto, Japanese Kokai Tokkyo Koho 5,892,630 (June 2, 1983).
74. V. E. Leonov, L. M. Kalinichenko, Yu. V. Shulyakova, I. A. Ryzhak, and L. E. Semikina, Katal. Katal., 15, 6 (1977).
75. Yu. L. Vysotskii, L. E. Semikina, Ya. A. Shuster, L. M. Kalinichenko, V. E. Leonov, and I. A. Ryzhak, Katal. Katal., 17, 82 (1979).
76. V. E. Leonov, I. A. Ryzhak, L. M. Kalinichenko, Yu. L. Vysotskii, L. E. Semikina, and Ya. A. Shuster, Tezisy Dokl.-Ukr. Resp. Konf. Fiz. Khim., 12, 138 (1977).
77. L. M. Kalinichenko, V. E. Leonov, I. A. Ryzhak, Yu. L. Vysotskii, M. M. Karavaev, L. K. Nester, O. A. Vivdenko, and V. F. Budymka, Katal. Katal., 21, 80 (1983).
78. M. M. Karavaev, V. E. Leonov, I. G. Popov, and E. T. Schepenev, in Tekhnologia Sinteticheskogo Metanola (M. M. Karavaev, ed.), Khimia, Moscow, 1984, p. 196.
79. P. G. Bonder and V. E. Leonov, USSR Patent 455,085 (December 30, 1974).
80. H. Kedesdy and A. Drukalsky, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 76, 5941 (1954).
81. J. C. Walker, U.S. Patent 2,186,688 (January 9, 1940; assigned to Cities Service Oil Company, Bartlesville, Oklahoma.
82. V. I. Gomanai and K. Yu. Sekeresh, Katal. Katal., 11, 53 (1974).
83. V. A. Borko, V. I. Gomanai, B. M. Ershov, D. I. Melnik, and K. Yu. Sekeresh, Tezisy Dokl.-Ukr. Resp. Konf. Fiz. Khim., 12, 111 (1977).
84. Yu. V. Geletii and A. E. Shilov, Kinet. Katal., 24, 486 (1983).
85. L. V. Trapeznikova, K. Yu. Sekeresh, and Z. L. Butsko, Khim. Tekhnol. (Kiev), 52 (1983).
86. A. E. Morgan and G. A. Somorjai. Surf, Sci., 12, 405 (1968).
87. J. T. Yates Jr. and T. E. Madey, Surf. Sci., 28, 437 (1971).
88. R. Coekelbergs, J. Decot, A. Frennet, A. Jelli, and G. Lienard, Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Catalysis, Vol. 1, Technip, Paris, 1961, p. 427.
89. R. Coekelbergs, J. Delannois, A. Frennet, and G. Liénard, J. Chim. Phys, Physicochim. Biol., 61, 1167 (1964).
90. A. Frennet and G. Lienard, Proceedings of the 4th International Congress on Catalysis, Moscow, 1968, Paper 51.
91. A. Frennet and G. Lienard, J. Chim. Phys. Physicochim. Biol., 67, 598 (1970).
92. A. Frennet and G. Lienard, J. Chim. Phys. Physicochim. Biol., 68, 1526 (1971).
93. C. Kemball, Proc. R. Soc. London, A., 207, 539 (1951).
94. C. Kemball, Proc. R. Soc. London, A., 217, 376 (1953).
95. P. G. Wright, P. C. Ashmore, and C. Kemball, Trans. Faraday Soc., 54, 1692 (1958).
96. B. M. W. Trapnell, Trans. Faraday Soc., 52, 1618 (1956).
97. D. W. McKee and F. J. Norton, J. Phys. Chem., 68, 481 (1964).
98. D. W. McKee and F. J. Norton, J. Catal., 3, 252 (1964).
99. D. W. McKee and F. J. Norton, J. Catal., 4, 510 (1965).
100. D. W. McKee, Trans. Faraday Soc., 61, 2273 (1965).
101. D. W. McKee, J. Phys. Chem., 70, 524 (1966).
102. P. E. McEllyot, R. W. Roberts, and T. W. Engel, J. Chem. Phys., 47, 1537 (1967).
103. R. W. Roberts, J. Phys. Chem., 67, 2035 (1963).
104. A. Frennet, Catal. Rev. —Sci, Eng., 10, 37 (1974).
105. C. Kemball, Adv. Catal., 11, 223 (1959).
106. C. Kemball, Catal. Rev., 5, 33 (1971).
107. G. Maire, J. R. Anderson, and B. B. Johnson, Proc. R. Soc. London, A, 320, 227 (1970).
108. F. C. Schouten, E. W. Kaleveld, and G. A. Bootsma, Surf. Sci., 63, 460 (1977).
109. F. C. Schouten, O. L. J. Gijzeman, and G. A. Bootsma, Surf. Sci., 87, 1 (1979).
110. C. N. Stewart and G. Ehrlich, Chem. Phys. Lett., 16, 203 (1972).
111. C. N. Stewart and G. Ehrlich, J. Chem. Phys., 62, 4672 (1975).
112. J. T. Yates, Jr., J. J. Zinck, S. Sheard, and W. H. Weinberg, J. Chem. Phys., 70, 2266 (1979).
113. S. G. Brass, D. A. Reed, and G. Ehrlich, J. Chem. Phys., 70, 5244 (1979).
114. B. J. Hopkins and G. R. Shah, Vacuum, 22, 267 (1972).
115. R. A. Shigeishi, Surf. Sci., 51, 377 (1975).
116. R. A. Shigeishi, Surf. Sci., 72, 61 (1978).
117. C. J. Stevenson and R. Morgan, Proceedings of the International Vacuum Congress, 7th, 3, 2483 (1977).
118. E. G. M. Kuijpers, J. W. Jansen, A. J. van Dillen, and J. W. Geus, J. Catal., 72, 75 (1981).
119. E. G. M. Kuijpers, A. K. Breedijk, W. J. J. van der Wal, and J. W. Geus, J. Catal., 72, 210 (1981).
120. E. G. M. Kuijpers, A. K. Breedijk, W. J. J. van der Wal, and J. W. Geus, J. Catal., 81, 429 (1983).
121. S. L. Kaliaguine, B. N. Shelimov, and V. B. Kazansky, J. Catal., 55, 384 (1978).
122. N. I. Lipatkina, V. A. Shvets, and V. B. Kazanskii, Kinet. Katal., 19, 979 (1978).
123. G. A. Olah, G. Klopman, and R. H. Schlosberg, J. Am. Chem, Soc., 91, 3261 (1969).
124. M. L. Poutsma, in Zeolites Chemistry and Catalysis (J. A. Rabo, ed.), American Chemical Society Monograph 171, 1976, p. 437.
125. P. A. Jacobs, Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng., 24, 415 (1982).
126. C. Mirodatos and D. Barthomeuf, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., p. 39 (1981).
127. N. S. Gnep, M. L. Martin de Armando, C. Marcilly, and M. Guisnet, International Symposium on Catalyst Deactivation, Antwerp, 1980.
128. R. Brockhaus and H. J. Franke, U.K. Patent 2,006,757 (May 10, 1979); assigned to Chemische Werke Hüls Aktiengesellschaft, 4370 Marl, Germany.
129. R. Brockhaus, German Patent 2,201,429 (July 19, 1973); assigned to Chemische Werke Hüls Aktiengesellschaft, 4370 Marl, Germany.
130. U.K. Patent 1,410,709 (October 22, 1975); assigned to Chemische Werke Hüls Aktiengesellschaft, 4370 Marl, Germany.
131. J. W. Mullen II and J. B. Fenn, U.S. Patent 2,722,553 (November 1, 1955); assigned to Chemical Construction Corporation, New York, New York.
132. J. L. Hall, U.S. Patent 2,384,028 (September 4, 1945).
133. S. Antonik and M. Lucquin, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., p. 2861 (1970).
134. G. A. Luckett and B. Mile, Combust. Flame, 26, 299 (1976).
135. B. Meriaux, S. Antonik, and M. Lucquin, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., p. 140 (1978).
136. J. L. Lott and C. M. Sliepcevich, Ind. Eng. Chem., Process Des. Dev., 6, 67 (1967).
137. C. H. Bibb, U.S. Patent 1,392,886 (October 4, 1921).
138. C. H. Bibb, Ind. Eng. Chem., 24, 10 (1932).
139. C. H. Bibb and H. J. Lucas, Ind. Eng. Chem., 21, 633 (1929).
140. H. Harter, U.S. Patent 1,985,875 (December 25, 1934).
141. P. Nashan, U.S. Patent 2,757,201 (July 31, 1956); assigned to Gutehÿffnungshutte Oberhausen Aktiengesell-schaft, Oberhausen, Germany.
142. B. H. McConkey and P. R. Wilkinson, Ind. Eng. Chem., Process Des. Dev., 6, 436 (1967).
143. S. Antonik, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., p. 3296 (1973).
144. E. M. Magee, U.S. Patent 3,032,588 (May 1, 1962); assigned to Esso Research and Engineering Co., Elizabeth, New Jersey.
145. E. M. Magee, U.S. Patent 3,014,969 (December 26, 1962); assigned to Esso Research and Engineering Co., Elizabeth, New Jersey.
146. C. J. Minkoff and C. F. H. Tipper, Chemistry of Combustion Reactions, Butterworths, London, 1962, p. 151.
147. R. R. Baldwin and R. W. Walker, 14th International Combustion Symposium, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, 1973, p. 241 and references therein.
148. J. H. Knox, Combust. Flame, 9, 297 (1965).
149. R. W. Walker, in Reaction Kinetics, Vol. 1, The Chemical Society, London, 1975, p. 161 and references therein.
150. M. Carlier and L. R. Sochet, J. Chem, Res. (S), 134 (1977).
151. E. M. Kegeyan, I. A. Vardanyan, and A. B. Nalbandyan, Kinet. Katal., 17, 856 (1976).
152. E. M. Kegeyan, I. A. Vardanyan, and A. B. Nalbandyan, Kinet. Katal., 17, 862 (1976).
153. I. A. Vardanyan, S. Yan, and A. B. Nalbandyan, Kinet. Katal., 22, 845 (1981).
154. I. A. Vardanyan, S. Yan, and A. B. Nalbandyan, Kinet. Katal., 22, 1100 (1981).
155. T. Tsuboi, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 15, 159 (1976).
156. M. V. D'Souza and G. A. Karim, Combust. Sci Technol. 3, 83 (1971).
157. G. L. Bauerle, J. L. Lott, and C. M. Sliepcevich, J. Fire Flammability, 5, 190 (1974).
158. N. F. Gol'dshleger, M. B. Tyabin, A. E. Shilov, and A. A. Shteinman, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 43, 2174 (1969).
159. E. A. Grigoryan, F. S. D'yachkovskii, S. Ya. Zhuk, and L. I. Vyshinskaya, Kinet. Katal., 19, 1063 (1977).
160. P. L. Watson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 105, 6491 (1983).
161. J. K. Hoyano, A. D. McMaster, and W. A. Graham, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 105, 7190 (1983).
162. J. Haggin, Chem. Eng. News, 61(37), 33 (1983).
163. R. G. Bergman, Science, 223, 902 (1984).
164. L. A. Kushch, V. V. Lavrushko, Yu. S. Misharin, A. P. Moravsky, and A. E. Shilov, Nouv. J. Chim., 7, 729 (1983).
165. R. C. Baetzold, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 105, 4271 (1983).
166. E. Shustorovich, R. Baetzold, and E. L. Muetterties, J. Phys. Chem., 87, 1100 (1983).
167. E. L. Muetterties, Chem. Soc. Rev. (London), 11, 283 (1982).
168. J. Y. Saillard and R. Hoffmann, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 106, 2006 (1984).
169. D. R. Stull, E. F. Westrum Jr., and G. C. Sinke, The Chemical Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, Wiley, New York, 1969.
170. G. E. Keller and M. M. Bhasin, J. Catal., 73, 9 (1982).
171. V. W. Hinsen and M. Baerns, Chem.-Ztg., 107, 223 (1983).
172. C. J. Jones, J. J. Leonard, and J. A. Sofranko, U.S. Patents 4,443,644 to 4,443,649 (April 17, 1984); assigned to Atlantic Richfield Co., Los Angeles.
173. C. J. Jones, J. J. Leonard, and J. A. Sofranko, U.S. Patent 4,444,984 (April 24, 1984); assigned to Atlantic Richfield Co., Los Angeles.
174. V. V. Shevchuk, S. A. Astvasatryan, and O. I. Sypyak, USSR Patent 823,376 (April 23, 1981).
175. J. Stocki and J. Glowinski, Pr. Nauk, Inst. Technol. Nieorg, Nawozow Miner. Politech. Wroclaw, 24, 43 (1982); Chem, Abstr., 98, 162780e.
176. Z. Nagy and L. Szepesy, Conf. Chem. Chem. Process. Petrol. Natural Gas, Plenary Lect., Budapest, 1965 (Publ. 1968), p. 380; Chem, Abstr., 70, 3166q.
177. M. Reichert, Erdgas Rohst. Chem. Ind. Erzeng. Redak-tionsgasen Huettenw., Symp. 1972 (Publ. 1973), p. 6, 19; Chem. Abstr., 81, 65955g.
178. J. Haggin, Chem. Eng. News, 61(42), 29 (1983).
179. Kh. E. Khcheyan, O. M. Revenko, N. N. Kondrat'eva, N. I. Yakovich, A. F. Pa-vlichev, and L. B. Kotel'mikova, USSR Patent 466,201 (April 5, 1975); Chem. Abstr., 83, 58393k.
180. Kh. E. Khcheyan, O. M. Revenko, A. N. Shatalova, E. G. Gelperina, L. I. Agrinskaya, and G. A. Muradian, British Patent 1,493,771 (November 30, 1977); Chem. Abstr., 89, 6806b.
181. Kh. E. Khcheyan, A. N. Shatalova, O. N. Temkin, and O. M. Revenko, Neftekhimiya, 21, 303 (1981); Chem. Abstr., 95, 25668y.
182. Kh. E. Khcheyan, O. M. Revenko, A. N. Shatalova, E. G. Gelperina, L. I. Agrinskaya, and G. A. Muradyan, Netherlands Appl. 7,603,923 (October 17, 1977); Chem. Abstr., 88, 152058e.
183. Kh. E. Khcheyan, O. M. Revenko, A. V. Borisoglebskaya, and Yu. Z. Fradkov, Neftekhimiya, 21, 83 (1981); Chem. Abstr., 95, 42510h.
184. G. A. Olah, N. Yoneda, and D. G. Parker, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 483 (1977).
185. G. A. Olah, N. Yoneda, and D. G. Parker, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 98, 5261 (1976).
186. G. A. Olah and Y. K. Mo, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 94, 6864 (1972).
187. G. A. Olah, European Patent Appl. 73, 673 (March 9, 1983).
188. G. A. Olah, P. Schilling, J. S. Staral, Y. Halpern, and J. A. Olah, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 97, 6807 (1975).
189. G. A. Olah, J. D. Felberg, and K. Lammertsma, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 105, 6529 (1983).
190. M. Siskin and I. Mayer, German Offen. 2,625,918 (December 23, 1976); assigned to Exxon Research and Engineering Co., New Jersey.
191. M. Siskin and I. Mayer, U.S. Patent 4,094,924 (June 13, 1978); assigned to Exxon Research and Engineering Co., New Jersey.
192. M. Siskin, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 98, 5413 (1976).
193. P. Jacobs, U.S. Patent 4,465,893 (August 14, 1984).
194. J. Sommer, M. Muller, and K. Laali, Nouv. J. Chim., 6, 3 (1982).
195. H. Pines, The Chemistry of Catalytic Hydrocarbon Conversions, Academic, New York, 1981, p. 98.
196. I. D. Löffler, W. F. Maier, J. G. Andrade, I. Thies, and P. V. R. Schleyer, J. Chem, Soc., Chem. Commun., p. 1177 (1984).
197. O. V. Bragin, T. V. Vasina, Ya. I. Isakov, B. K. Nefedov, A. V. Preobrazhenskii, N. V. Palishkina, and Kh. M. Minachev, Izv. Akad, Nauk SSSR. Ser. Khim., p. 954 (1982); Chem. Abstr., 97, 23370n.
198. S. S. Shepelev and K. G. Ione, React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 23, 323 (1983).
199. G. Toyobashi, Japanese Kokai Tokkyo Koho 57,146,724 (September 10, 1982); Chem. Abstr., 98, 88803w.
200. N. S. Enikolopyan, Kh. R. Gyulumyan, and E. A. Grigoryan, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 249, 1380 (1979).
201. E. A. Grigoryan, Kh. R. Gyulumyan, E. I. Gurtovaya, N. S. Enikolopyan, and M. A. Ter-Kazarova, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 257, 364 (1981).
202. N. F. Noskova, D. V. Sokol'skii, M. B. Izteleuova, and N. A. Gafarova, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 262, 113 (1982).