메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 313, Issue 17, 1985, Pages 1044-1049

A Prospective Study of Postmenopausal Estrogen Therapy and Coronary Heart Disease

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; ESTROGEN; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; TOBACCO SMOKE;

EID: 0022379663     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: 15334406     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198510243131703     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (746)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0001564110 scopus 로고
    • Clinical studies of long-term estrogen therapy in men with myocardial infarction
    • Marmorston J, Moore FJ, Hopkins CE, Kuzma OT, Weiner J. Clinical studies of long-term estrogen therapy in men with myocardial infarction. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1962; 110: 400–8.
    • (1962) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.110 , pp. 400-408
    • Marmorston, J.1    Moore, F.2    Hopkins, C.3    Kuzma, O.4    Weiner, J.5
  • 2
    • 0000686419 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of estrogens for therapy of myocardial infarction in middle-age men
    • Stamler J, Pick R, Katz LN, et al. Effectiveness of estrogens for therapy of myocardial infarction in middle-age men. JAMA 1963; 183: 632–8.
    • (1963) JAMA , vol.183 , pp. 632-638
    • Stamler, J.1    Pick, R.2    Katz, L.3
  • 3
    • 1542792484 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen replacement therapy in women with coronary atherosclerosis
    • Robinson RW, Cohen WD, Higano N. Estrogen replacement therapy in women with coronary atherosclerosis. Ann Intern Med 1958; 48: 95–101.
    • (1958) Ann Intern Med , vol.48 , pp. 95-101
    • Robinson, R.1    Cohen, W.2    Higano, N.3
  • 4
    • 0014952170 scopus 로고
    • The Coronary Drug Project: initial findings leading to modifications of its research protocol
    • The Coronary Drug Project Research Group. The Coronary Drug Project: initial findings leading to modifications of its research protocol. JAMA 1970; 214: 1303–13.
    • (1970) JAMA , vol.214 , pp. 1303-1313
    • The Coronary Drug Project Research Group1
  • 5
    • 0015810958 scopus 로고
    • The Coronary Drug Project: findings leading to discontinuation of the 2.5-mg/day estrogen group
    • The Coronary Drug Project Research Group. The Coronary Drug Project: findings leading to discontinuation of the 2.5-mg/day estrogen group. JAMA 1973; 226: 652–7.
    • (1973) JAMA , vol.226 , pp. 652-657
    • The Coronary Drug Project Research Group1
  • 6
    • 0018170743 scopus 로고
    • Noncontraceptive estrogens and nonfatal myocardial infarction
    • Jick H, Dinan B, Rothman KJ. Noncontraceptive estrogens and nonfatal myocardial infarction. JAMA 1978; 239: 1407–8.
    • (1978) JAMA , vol.239 , pp. 1407-1408
    • Jick, H.1    Dinan, B.2    Rothman, K.3
  • 7
    • 0018237437 scopus 로고
    • Myocardial infarction and other vascular diseases in young women: role of estrogens and other factors
    • Jick H, Dinan B, Herman R, Rothman KJ. Myocardial infarction and other vascular diseases in young women: role of estrogens and other factors. JAMA 1978; 240: 2548–52.
    • (1978) JAMA , vol.240 , pp. 2548-2552
    • Jick, H.1    Dinan, B.2    Herman, R.3    Rothman, K.4
  • 8
    • 0019422156 scopus 로고
    • Menopausal oestrogen therapy and protection from death from ischaemic heart disease
    • Ross RK, Paganini-Hill A, Mack TM, Arthur M, Henderson BE. Menopausal oestrogen therapy and protection from death from ischaemic heart disease. Lancet 1981; 1: 858–60.
    • (1981) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 858-860
    • Ross, R.1    Paganini-Hill, A.2    Mack, T.3    Arthur, M.4    Henderson, B.5
  • 9
    • 84944655238 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen use and all-cause mortality: preliminary results from the Lipid Research Clinics Program follow-up study
    • Bush T, Cowan LD, Barrett-Connor E, et al. Estrogen use and all-cause mortality: preliminary results from the Lipid Research Clinics Program follow-up study. JAMA 1983; 249: 903–6.
    • (1983) JAMA , vol.249 , pp. 903-906
    • Bush, T.1    Cowan, L.2    Barrett-Connor, E.3
  • 10
    • 0021928862 scopus 로고
    • Noncontraceptive estrogens and progestins: use patterns over time
    • Kennedy DL, Baum C, Forbes MB. Noncontraceptive estrogens and progestins: use patterns over time. Obstet Gynecol 1985; 65: 441–6.
    • (1985) Obstet Gynecol , vol.65 , pp. 441-446
    • Kennedy, D.1    Baum, C.2    Forbes, M.3
  • 12
    • 85023701877 scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization
    • Copenhagen: World Health Organization
    • World Health Organization. IHD registers: report of the fifth working group. Copenhagen: World Health Organization, 1971.
    • (1971) IHD registers: report of the fifth working group
  • 14
    • 0020614036 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking, relative weight, and menopause
    • Willett W, Stampfer MJ, Bain C, et al. Cigarette smoking, relative weight, and menopause. Am J Epidemiol 1983; 117: 651–8.
    • (1983) Am J Epidemiol , vol.117 , pp. 651-658
    • Willett, W.1    Stampfer, M.2    Bain, C.3
  • 16
    • 0017226637 scopus 로고
    • Estimability and estimation in case-referent studies
    • Miettinen O. Estimability and estimation in case-referent studies. Am J Epidemiol 1976; 103: 226–35.
    • (1976) Am J Epidemiol , vol.103 , pp. 226-235
    • Miettinen, O.1
  • 17
    • 0000336139 scopus 로고
    • Regression models and life-tables
    • Cox D.R., Regression models and life-tables. J R Stat Soc (B) 1972; 34: 187–220.
    • (1972) J R Stat Soc (B) , vol.34 , pp. 187-220
    • Cox, D.R.1
  • 18
    • 85023717536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of questionnaire information on risk factors and disease outcomes in a prospective cohort study of disease in women
    • (in press)
    • Colditz GC, Martin P, Stampfer MJ, et al. Validation of questionnaire information on risk factors and disease outcomes in a prospective cohort study of disease in women. Am J Epidemiol (in press).
    • Am J Epidemiol
    • Colditz, G.1    Martin, P.2    Stampfer, M.3
  • 19
    • 0018828482 scopus 로고
    • Serum androgens and estrogens in postmenopausal women with and without endometrial cancer
    • Judd HL, Davidson BJ, Frumar AM, Shamonki IM, Lagasse LD, Ballon SC. Serum androgens and estrogens in postmenopausal women with and without endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980; 136: 859–71.
    • (1980) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.136 , pp. 859-871
    • Judd, H.1    Davidson, B.2    Frumar, A.3    Shamonki, I.4    Lagasse, L.5    Ballon, S.6
  • 20
    • 0017297497 scopus 로고
    • Myocardial infarction and estrogen therapy in post-menopausal women
    • Rosenberg L, Armstrong B, Jick H. Myocardial infarction and estrogen therapy in post-menopausal women. N Engl J Med 1976; 294: 1256–9.
    • (1976) N Engl J Med , vol.294 , pp. 1256-1259
    • Rosenberg, L.1    Armstrong, B.2    Jick, H.3
  • 22
    • 0021679928 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen use and myocardial infarction risk: a case–control study
    • Szklo M, Tonascia J, Gordis L, Bloom I. Estrogen use and myocardial infarction risk: a case–control study. Prev Med 1984; 13: 510–6.
    • (1984) Prev Med , vol.13 , pp. 510-516
    • Szklo, M.1    Tonascia, J.2    Gordis, L.3    Bloom, I.4
  • 23
    • 0019435822 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular disease and hormone replacement treatment: a pilot case–control study
    • Adam S, Williams V, Vessey MP. Cardiovascular disease and hormone replacement treatment: a pilot case–control study. Br Med J 1981; 282: 1277–8.
    • (1981) Br Med J , vol.282 , pp. 1277-1278
    • Adam, S.1    Williams, V.2    Vessey, M.3
  • 24
    • 0019208916 scopus 로고
    • Decreased risk of fractures of the hip and lower forearm with postmenopausal use of estrogen
    • Weiss NS, Ure C, Ballard JH, Williams AR, Daling JR. Decreased risk of fractures of the hip and lower forearm with postmenopausal use of estrogen. N Engl J Med 1980; 303: 1195–8.
    • (1980) N Engl J Med , vol.303 , pp. 1195-1198
    • Weiss, N.1    Ure, C.2    Ballard, J.3    Williams, A.4    Daling, J.5
  • 25
    • 0018117641 scopus 로고
    • Coronary risk and estrogen use in postmenopausal women
    • Pfeffer RI, Whipple GH, Kurosaki TT, Chapman JM. Coronary risk and estrogen use in postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 1978; 107: 479–87.
    • (1978) Am J Epidemiol , vol.107 , pp. 479-487
    • Pfeffer, R.1    Whipple, G.2    Kurosaki, T.3    Chapman, J.4
  • 27
    • 0018379584 scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term estrogen replacement therapy. I. Metabolic effects
    • Hammond CB, Jelovsek FR, Lee KL, Creasman WT, Parker RT. Effects of long-term estrogen replacement therapy. I. Metabolic effects. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979; 133: 525–36.
    • (1979) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.133 , pp. 525-536
    • Hammond, C.1    Jelovsek, F.2    Lee, K.3    Creasman, W.4    Parker, R.5
  • 28
    • 0015975447 scopus 로고
    • The effects of long-term estrogen on hysterectomized women
    • Burch JC, Byrd BF, Vaughn WK. The effects of long-term estrogen on hysterectomized women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1974; 118: 778–82.
    • (1974) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.118 , pp. 778-782
    • Burch, J.1    Byrd, B.2    Vaughn, W.3
  • 29
    • 0017847814 scopus 로고
    • Menopause and coronary heart disease: the Framingham study
    • Gordon T, Kannel WB, Hjortland MC, McNamara PM. Menopause and coronary heart disease: the Framingham study. Ann Intern Med 1978; 89: 157–61.
    • (1978) Ann Intern Med , vol.89 , pp. 157-161
    • Gordon, T.1    Kannel, W.2    Hjortland, M.3    McNamara, P.4
  • 30
    • 0018697193 scopus 로고
    • Risk of vascular disease in women: smoking, oral contraceptives, noncontraceptive estrogens, and other factors
    • Petitti DB, Wingerd J, Pellegrin F, Ramcharan S. Risk of vascular disease in women: smoking, oral contraceptives, noncontraceptive estrogens, and other factors. JAMA 1979; 242: 1150–4.
    • (1979) JAMA , vol.242 , pp. 1150-1154
    • Petitti, D.1    Wingerd, J.2    Pellegrin, F.3    Ramcharan, S.4
  • 31
    • 0018366149 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen replacement therapy II: a prospective study in the relationship to carcinoma and cardiovascular and metabolic problems
    • Nachtigall LE, Nachtigall RH, Nachtigall RD, Beckman EM. Estrogen replacement therapy II: a prospective study in the relationship to carcinoma and cardiovascular and metabolic problems. Obstet Gynecol 1979; 54: 74–79.
    • (1979) Obstet Gynecol , vol.54 , pp. 74-79
    • Nachtigall, L.1    Nachtigall, R.2    Nachtigall, R.3    Beckman, E.4
  • 32
    • 84912688060 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen use and cardiovascular disease mortality: the Lipid Research Clinics follow-up study
    • abstract
    • Bush T, Cowan L, Barrett-Connor E, et al. Estrogen use and cardiovascular disease mortality: the Lipid Research Clinics follow-up study. Am J Epidemiol 1983; 118: 450. abstract.
    • (1983) Am J Epidemiol , vol.118 , pp. 450
    • Bush, T.1    Cowan, L.2    Barrett-Connor, E.3
  • 34
    • 84909663504 scopus 로고
    • Protection from acute myocardial infarction among users of estrogen replacement therapy
    • abstract
    • Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK, Henderson BE. Protection from acute myocardial infarction among users of estrogen replacement therapy. Am J Epidemiol 1985; 122: 512. abstract.
    • (1985) Am J Epidemiol , vol.122 , pp. 512
    • Paganini-Hill, A.1    Ross, R.2    Henderson, B.3
  • 35
    • 84909654409 scopus 로고
    • Postmenopausal estrogen use and cardiovascular morbidity: the Framingham study
    • abstract
    • Wilson PWF, Garrison RJ, Castelli WP. Postmenopausal estrogen use and cardiovascular morbidity: the Framingham study. CVD Epidemiol News 1984; 35: 35. abstract.
    • (1984) CVD Epidemiol News , vol.35 , pp. 35
    • Wilson, P.1    Garrison, R.2    Castelli, W.3
  • 36
    • 0017743287 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes, blood lipids, and the role of obesity in coronary heart disease risk for women: the Framingham study
    • Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, Kannel WB, Dawber TR. Diabetes, blood lipids, and the role of obesity in coronary heart disease risk for women: the Framingham study. Ann Intern Med 1977; 87: 393–7.
    • (1977) Ann Intern Med , vol.87 , pp. 393-397
    • Gordon, T.1    Castelli, W.2    Hjortland, M.3    Kannel, W.4    Dawber, T.5
  • 37
    • 84944654379 scopus 로고
    • Heart disease risk factors and hormone use in postmenopausal women
    • Barrett-Connor E, Brown WV, Turner J, Austin M, Criqui MH. Heart disease risk factors and hormone use in postmenopausal women. JAMA 1979; 241: 2167–9.
    • (1979) JAMA , vol.241 , pp. 2167-2169
    • Barrett-Connor, E.1    Brown, W.2    Turner, J.3    Austin, M.4    Criqui, M.5
  • 38
    • 0018749716 scopus 로고
    • Altered plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels associated with oral contraceptive and oestrogen use: report from the Medications Working Group of the Lipid Research Clinics Program
    • Wallace RB, Hoover J, Barrett-Connor E, et al. Altered plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels associated with oral contraceptive and oestrogen use: report from the Medications Working Group of the Lipid Research Clinics Program. Lancet 1979; 2: 111–5.
    • (1979) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 111-115
    • Wallace, R.1    Hoover, J.2    Barrett-Connor, E.3
  • 39
    • 0017763705 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic and hormonal effects of postmenopausal oestrogen replacement treatment. II. Plasma lipids
    • Wallentin L, Larsson-Cohn U. Metabolic and hormonal effects of postmenopausal oestrogen replacement treatment. II. Plasma lipids. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1977; 86: 597–607.
    • (1977) Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) , vol.86 , pp. 597-607
    • Wallentin, L.1    Larsson-Cohn, U.2
  • 40
    • 0018125889 scopus 로고
    • Natural oestrogen as an effective treatment for type-II hyperlipoproteinaemia in postmenopausal women
    • Tikkanen MJ, Nikkila EA, Vartiainen E. Natural oestrogen as an effective treatment for type-II hyperlipoproteinaemia in postmenopausal women. Lancet 1978; 2: 490–1.
    • (1978) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 490-491
    • Tikkanen, M.1    Nikkila, E.2    Vartiainen, E.3
  • 41
    • 0016433018 scopus 로고
    • Plasma-high-density-lipoprotein concentration and development of ischaemic heart-disease
    • Miller GJ, Miller NE. Plasma-high-density-lipoprotein concentration and development of ischaemic heart-disease. Lancet 1975; 1: 16–19.
    • (1975) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 16-19
    • Miller, G.1    Miller, N.2
  • 42
    • 0017384270 scopus 로고
    • High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease: the Framingham study
    • Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, Kannel WB, Dawber TR. High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease: the Framingham study. Am J Med 1977; 62: 707–14.
    • (1977) Am J Med , vol.62 , pp. 707-714
    • Gordon, T.1    Castelli, W.2    Hjortland, M.3    Kannel, W.4    Dawber, T.5
  • 43
    • 0015434516 scopus 로고
    • In vivo effects of estradiol on collagen and elastin dynamics in rat aorta
    • Fischer GM. In vivo effects of estradiol on collagen and elastin dynamics in rat aorta. Endocrinology 1972; 91: 1227–32.
    • (1972) Endocrinology , vol.91 , pp. 1227-1232
    • Fischer, G.1
  • 44
    • 0019415430 scopus 로고
    • Increased synthesis of aortic collagen and elastin in experimental atherosclerosis: inhibition by contraceptive steroids
    • Fischer GM, Cherian K, Swain ML. Increased synthesis of aortic collagen and elastin in experimental atherosclerosis: inhibition by contraceptive steroids. Atherosclerosis 1981; 39: 463–7.
    • (1981) Atherosclerosis , vol.39 , pp. 463-467
    • Fischer, G.1    Cherian, K.2    Swain, M.3
  • 45
    • 0020083532 scopus 로고
    • A study of the mechanism of estrogen as an antiathero-sclerotic: the inhibitory effect of estrogen on A23187-induced contraction of the aortic wall
    • Kishi Y, Numano F. A study of the mechanism of estrogen as an antiathero-sclerotic: the inhibitory effect of estrogen on A23187-induced contraction of the aortic wall. Mech aging Dev 1982; 18: 115–23.
    • (1982) Mech aging Dev , vol.18 , pp. 115-123
    • Kishi, Y.1    Numano, F.2
  • 46
    • 0019158169 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase and prostacyclin synthetase activities by estradiol in rat aortic smooth muscle cells
    • Chang W.-C., Nakao J, Orimo H, Murota S.-I. Stimulation of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase and prostacyclin synthetase activities by estradiol in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1980; 620: 472–82.
    • (1980) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.620 , pp. 472-482
    • Chang, W.-C.1    Nakao, J.2    Orimo, H.3    Murota, S.-I.4
  • 47
    • 0016787173 scopus 로고
    • Association of exogenous estrogen and endometrial carcinoma
    • Smith DC, Prentice R, Thompson DJ, Herrmann WL. Association of exogenous estrogen and endometrial carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1975; 293: 1164–7.
    • (1975) N Engl J Med , vol.293 , pp. 1164-1167
    • Smith, D.1    Prentice, R.2    Thompson, D.3    Herrmann, W.4
  • 48
    • 0016826567 scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of endometrial carcinoma among users of conjugated estrogens
    • Ziel HK, Finkle WD. Increased risk of endometrial carcinoma among users of conjugated estrogens. N Engl J Med 1975; 293: 1167–70.
    • (1975) N Engl J Med , vol.293 , pp. 1167-1170
    • Ziel, H.1    Finkle, W.2
  • 49
    • 0018768712 scopus 로고
    • Endometrial cancer and estrogen use: report of a large case–control study
    • Antunes CMF, Stolley PD, Rosenshein NB, et al. Endometrial cancer and estrogen use: report of a large case–control study. N Engl J Med 1979; 300: 9–13.
    • (1979) N Engl J Med , vol.300 , pp. 9-13
    • Antunes, C.1    Stolley, P.2    Rosenshein, N.3
  • 50
    • 0019216902 scopus 로고
    • Predominance of early endometrial cancers after long-term estrogen use
    • Hulka BS, Kaufman DG, Fowler WC Jr, Grimson RC, Greenberg BG. Predominance of early endometrial cancers after long-term estrogen use. JAMA 1980; 244: 2419–22.
    • (1980) JAMA , vol.244 , pp. 2419-2422
    • Hulka, B.1    Kaufman, D.2    Fowler, W.3    Grimson, R.4    Greenberg, B.5
  • 51
    • 0017812850 scopus 로고
    • Noncontraceptive estrogens and abnormalities of endometrial proliferation
    • Weiss NS. Noncontraceptive estrogens and abnormalities of endometrial proliferation. Ann Intern Med 1978; 88: 410–2.
    • (1978) Ann Intern Med , vol.88 , pp. 410-412
    • Weiss, N.1
  • 52
    • 0017122969 scopus 로고
    • Estrogens and endometrial cancer in a retirement community
    • Mack TM, Pike MC, Henderson BE, et al. Estrogens and endometrial cancer in a retirement community. N Engl J Med 1976; 294: 1262–7.
    • (1976) N Engl J Med , vol.294 , pp. 1262-1267
    • Mack, T.1    Pike, M.2    Henderson, B.3
  • 53
    • 0021322970 scopus 로고
    • Cancer statistics, 1984
    • Silverberg E. Cancer statistics, 1984. CA 1984; 34: 7–23.
    • (1984) CA , vol.34 , pp. 7-23
    • Silverberg, E.1
  • 54
    • 0017610002 scopus 로고
    • Exogenous hormones, reproductive history, and breast cancer
    • Sartwell PE, Arthes FG, Tonascia JA. Exogenous hormones, reproductive history, and breast cancer. JNCI 1977; 59: 1589–92.
    • (1977) JNCI , vol.59 , pp. 1589-1592
    • Sartwell, P.1    Arthes, F.2    Tonascia, J.3
  • 55
    • 0019780353 scopus 로고
    • Exogenous estrogens and other factors in the epidemiology of breast cancer
    • Kelsey JL, Fischer DB, Holford TR, et al. Exogenous estrogens and other factors in the epidemiology of breast cancer. JNCI 1981; 67: 327–33.
    • (1981) JNCI , vol.67 , pp. 327-333
    • Kelsey, J.1    Fischer, D.2    Holford, T.3
  • 56
    • 0021033817 scopus 로고
    • Decreased incidence of breast cancer in postmenopausal estrogen-progestogen users
    • Gambrell RD Jr, Maier RC, Sanders BI. Decreased incidence of breast cancer in postmenopausal estrogen-progestogen users. Obstet Gynecol 1983; 62: 435–43.
    • (1983) Obstet Gynecol , vol.62 , pp. 435-443
    • Gambrell, R.1    Maier, R.2    Sanders, B.3
  • 57
    • 84915264406 scopus 로고
    • A prospective cohort study of postmenopausal female hormone use and risk of breast cancer
    • abstract
    • Buring J, Speizer F, Lipnick R, et al. A prospective cohort study of postmenopausal female hormone use and risk of breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1983; 118: 416. abstract.
    • (1983) Am J Epidemiol , vol.118 , pp. 416
    • Buring, J.1    Speizer, F.2    Lipnick, R.3
  • 58
    • 0016383479 scopus 로고
    • Surgically confirmed gallbladder disease, venous thromboembolism, and breast tumors in relation to postmenopausal estrogen therapy: a report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Boston University Medical Center
    • Surgically confirmed gallbladder disease, venous thromboembolism, and breast tumors in relation to postmenopausal estrogen therapy: a report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Boston University Medical Center. N Engl J Med 1974; 290: 15–9.
    • (1974) N Engl J Med , vol.290 , pp. 15-19
  • 59
    • 0016906866 scopus 로고
    • The female climacteric syndrome: significance, problems, treatment
    • Lauritzen C. The female climacteric syndrome: significance, problems, treatment. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand [Suppl] 1976; 51: 47–61.
    • (1976) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand [Suppl] , vol.51 , pp. 47-61
    • Lauritzen, C.1
  • 60
    • 0020054397 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the fluoride/calcium regimen on vertebral fracture occurrence in postmenopausal osteoporosis: comparison with conventional therapy
    • Riggs BL, Seeman E, Hodgson SF, Taves D.R., O'Fallon WM. Effects of the fluoride/calcium regimen on vertebral fracture occurrence in postmenopausal osteoporosis: comparison with conventional therapy. N Engl J Med 1982; 306: 446–50.
    • (1982) N Engl J Med , vol.306 , pp. 446-450
    • Riggs, B.1    Seeman, E.2    Hodgson, S.3    Taves, D.R.4    O'Fallon, W.5
  • 61
    • 0021037480 scopus 로고
    • The effect of estrogen dose on postmenopausal bone loss
    • Horsman A, Jones M, Francis R, Nordin C. The effect of estrogen dose on postmenopausal bone loss. N Engl J Med 1983; 309: 1405–7.
    • (1983) N Engl J Med , vol.309 , pp. 1405-1407
    • Horsman, A.1    Jones, M.2    Francis, R.3    Nordin, C.4
  • 62
    • 0015364166 scopus 로고
    • Short- and long-term effects of estrogen and synthetic anabolic hormone in postmenopausal osteoporosis
    • Riggs BL, Jowsey J, Goldsmith RS, Kelly PJ, Hoffman DL, Arnaud CD. Short- and long-term effects of estrogen and synthetic anabolic hormone in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Invest 1972; 51: 1659–63.
    • (1972) J Clin Invest , vol.51 , pp. 1659-1663
    • Riggs, B.1    Jowsey, J.2    Goldsmith, R.3    Kelly, P.4    Hoffman, D.5    Arnaud, C.6
  • 63
    • 0018965660 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen use in postmenopausal women — costs, risks, and benefits
    • Weinstein MC. Estrogen use in postmenopausal women — costs, risks, and benefits. N Engl J Med 1980; 303: 308–16.
    • (1980) N Engl J Med , vol.303 , pp. 308-316
    • Weinstein, M.1
  • 64
    • 0021003218 scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy in the menopause
    • Weinstein MC, Schiff I. Cost-effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy in the menopause. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1983; 38: 445–55.
    • (1983) Obstet Gynecol Surv , vol.38 , pp. 445-455
    • Weinstein, M.1    Schiff, I.2
  • 65
    • 0019834060 scopus 로고
    • Effects of estrogens and progestins on the biochemistry and morphology of the postmenopausal endometrium
    • Whitehead MI, Townsend PT, Pryse-Davies J, Ryder TA, King RJB. Effects of estrogens and progestins on the biochemistry and morphology of the postmenopausal endometrium. N Engl J Med 1981; 305: 1599–605.
    • (1981) N Engl J Med , vol.305 , pp. 1599-1605
    • Whitehead, M.1    Townsend, P.2    Pryse-Davies, J.3    Ryder, T.4    King, R.5
  • 66
    • 0019470089 scopus 로고
    • Effects of different progestogens on lipoproteins during postmenopausal replacement therapy
    • Hirvonen E, Mälkönen M, Manninen V. Effects of different progestogens on lipoproteins during postmenopausal replacement therapy. N Engl J Med 1981; 304: 560–3.
    • (1981) N Engl J Med , vol.304 , pp. 560-563
    • Hirvonen, E.1    Mälkönen, M.2    Manninen, V.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.