Reassessment of Inflammation of Airways in Chronic Bronchitis

British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.)

Volumn 291, Issue 6504, 1985, Pages 1235-1239

  Mullen, J Brendan M ^a   Wright, Joanne L ^a   Wiggs, Barry R ^a   Pare, Peter D ^a   Hogg, James C ^a  

^a The James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRONCHITIS; CHRONIC BRONCHITIS; COUGHING; DIAGNOSIS; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; LUNG FUNCTION; MUCUS GLAND; PATHOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM;

BRONCHI; BRONCHITIS; CHRONIC DISEASE; EMPHYSEMA; EXOCRINE GLANDS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LUNG VOLUME MEASUREMENTS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MUCUS; PULMONARY VENTILATION;

EID: 0022370533     PISSN: 02670623     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.291.6504.1235     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Ciba Guest Symposium. Terminology, definitions and classifications of chronic pulmonary emphysema and related conditions. Thorax 1959;14:286–299.
2. Reid, L. Measurement of the bronchial mucous gland layer: a diagnostic yardstick in chronic bronchitis. Thorax 1960;15:132–41.
3. Thurlbeck W.M., Angus, G.E. A distribution curve for chronic bronchitis. Thorax 1964;19:436–442.
4. Hayes, J.A. Distribution of bronchial gland measurements in a Jamaican population. Thorax 1969;24:619–622.
5. McKenzie, H.I., Glick, M., Outhred, K.G. Chronic bronchitis in coal miners: antemortem/postmortem comparisons. Thorax 1969;24:527–535.
6. Scott, K.W.M. An autopsy study of bronchial mucous gland hypertrophy in Glasgow. Am Rev Respir Dis 1973;107:239–245.
7. Fletcher, C.M., Pride, N.B. Definitions of emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, and airflow obstruction: 25 years on from the Ciba symposium. Thorax 1984;39:81–85.
8. Reid, L. Pathology of chronic bronchitis. Lancet 1954;i:275–278.
9. MacLean, K.H. The histology of generalized pulmonary emphysema. I. The genesis of the early centrolobular lesion: focal emphysema. Australasian Annals of Medicine 1957 ;6:124–140.
10. Sharp, J.T., Paul, O., McKean, H., Best, W.R. A longitudinal study of bronchitic symptoms and spirometry in a middle-aged, male, industrial population. Am Rev Respir Dis 1973; 108:1066–1077.
11. Bates, D.V. The fate of the chronic bronchitic. Am Rev Respir Dis 1973;108:1043–65.
12. Fletcher, C., Peto, R. The natural history of chronic airflow obstruction. Br Med J 1977;i: 1645–8.
13. I'eto, R., Speizer, F.E., Cochrane, A.L., etal. The relevance in adults of airflow obstruction, but not of mucus hypersecretion, to mortality from chronic lung disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983;128: 491–500.
14. Hogg, J.C., Macklem, P.T., Thurlbeck, W. Site and nature of airway obstruction in chronic obstructive lung disease. N Engl J Med 1968;278:1355–60.
15. Cosio, M., Ghezzo, H., Hogg, J.C., et al. The relations between structural changes in small airways and pulmonary-function tests. N Engl J Med 1978;298:1277–81.
16. Berend, N., Woolcock, A.J., Marlin, G.E. Correlation between the function and structure of the lung in smokers. Am Rev Respir Dis 1979;119:695–705.
17. Cosio, M.G., Hale, K.A., Niewoehner, D.E. Morphologic and morphometric effects of prolonged cigarette smoking on the small airways. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980;122:265–271.
18. Petty, T.L., Silvers, W., Stanford, R.E., Baird, D., Mitchel, R.S. Small airways pathology is related to increased closing capacity and abnormal slope of phase III in cxcised human lungs. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980;121:449–456.
19. Berend, N., Wright, J.L., I'hurlbeck, W.M., Marlin, G.E., Woolcock, A.J. Small airways disease: reproducibility of measurements and correlation with lung function. Chest 1981 ;79:263–268.
20. Wright, J.L., Lawson, L.M., Pare, P.D., Kennedy, S., Wiggs, B., Hogg, J.C. The detection of small airways disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;129:989–994.
21. Pare, P.D., Harvey, K., Mildenberger, M., Brooks, L.A. The effects of balloon volume and position on the pressure volume curve of the lung. Clin Invest Med 1983;6:143–146.
22. Dubois, A.B., Botelho, S.Y., Bedel, G.W., Marshall, R., Comroe, J.H. A rapid plethysmographic method for measuring thoracic gas volume: a comparison with a nitrogen washout method for measuring functional residual capacity in normal subjects. J Clin Invest 1956;35:322–326.
23. Buist, A.S., Ross, B.B. Quantitative analysis of the alveolar plateau in the diagnosis of early airway obstruction. Am Rev Respir Dis 1973;108:1078–87.
24. Bates, D.V., Woolf, C.R., Paul, G.I. Chronic bronchitis: a report on the first two stages of the coordinated study of chronic bronchitis in the Department of Veterans Affairs, Canada. Medical Services Journal, Canada 1962;18:211–303.
25. Gaenslcr, E.A., Wright, G.W. Evaluation of respiratory impairment. Arch Environ Health 1966;12:146–189.
26. Morris, J.F., Koski, A., Johnson, L.C. Spirometric standards for healthy nonsmoking adults. Am Rev Respir Dis 1971;103:57–67.
27. Dosman, J., Bode, F., Urbanetti, J., Martin, R., Macklem, P.T. The use of a helium-oxygen mixture during expiratory flow to demonstrate obstruction in small airways in smokers. J Clin Invest 1975;55:1090–1099.
28. Thurlbeck, W.M., Dunnill, M.S., Hartung, W., Heard, B.E., Heppleston, A.G., Ryder, R.C. A comparison of three methods of measuring emphysema. Hum Pathol 1972;1:215–26.
29. Hollander, M., Wolfe, D.A. Nonparametnc statistical methods. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1973:71–82.
30. Hollander, M., Wolfe, D.A. Nonparametnc statistical methods. New York: John Wiiey and Sons, 1973:185–199.
31. Hale, F.C., Olsen, C.R., Mickey, M.R. The measurement of bronchial wall components. Am Rev Respir Dts 1968;98:978–87.
32. Dunnill, M.S., Massarella, G.R., Anderson, J.A. A comparison of the quantitative anatomy of the bronchi in normal subjects, in status asthmaticus, in chronic bronchitis, and in emphysema. Thorax 1969;24:176–9.
33. Takizawa, T., Thurlbcck, W.M. Muscle and mucous gland size in the major bronchi of patients with chronic bronchitis, asthma and asthmatic bronchitis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1971;104:331–336.
34. Niewoehner, D.E., Kleinerman, J., Knoke, J.D. Regional chronic bronchitis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1972;105:586–593.
35. Obcrholzcr, M., Dalquen, P., Rohr, H.P. Stcreology, a complement to respiration research. Bronchus morphometry: methodology and baseline data. Microsc Acta 1977;79:205–23.
36. Florey, H.W. The secretion of mucus and inflammation of mucous membranes. In: Florey HW, ed. General pathology. 3rd ed. London: Lloyd-Luke Ltd, 1962:167–96.
37. Takizawa, T., Thurlbeck, W.M. A comparative study of four methods of assessing the morphologic changes in chronic bronchitis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1971;103:774–83.
38. Carlile, A., Edwards, C. Structural variation in the named bronchi of the left lung. A morphometric study. BrJ Dis Chest 1983;77:344–8.
39. Wright, J.L., Wiggs, B.J., Hogg, J.C. Airway disease in upper and lower lobes in lungs of patients with and without emphysema. Thorax 1984;39:282–5.
40. Thurlbeck, W.M., Angus, G.E., Pare, J.A.P. Mucous gland hypertrophy in chronic bronchitis, and its occurrence in smokers. BrJ Dis Chest 1963;57:73–78.
41. Restrepo, G., Heard, B.E. The size of the bronchial glands in chronic bronchitis. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 1963;85:305–310.
42. Ryder, R.C., Dunnill, M.S., Anderson, J.A. A quantitative study of the bronchial mucous gland volume, emphysema and smoking in a necropsy population. J Pathol 1971;104:59–71.
43. Field, W.F.H., Davey, E.N., Reid, L., Roe, F.J.C. Bronchial mucus gland hypertrophy: its relation to symptoms and environment. Br J Dis Chest P;60:66–80.
44. Salvato, G. Some histological changes in chronic bronchitis and asthma. Thorax 1968;23:168–172.
45. Martin, C., Katsura, S., Cochran, T.H. The relationship of chronic bronchitis to the diffuse obstructive pulmonary syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1970;102:362–409.
46. Hossain, S., Heard, B.E. Hyperplasia of bronchial muscle in chronic bronchitis. J Pathol 1970;101:171–84.
47. Restrepo, G.L., Heard, B.E. Air trapping in chronic bronchitis and emphysema: measurement of the bronchial cartilage. Am Rev Respir Dis 1964;90:395–400.
48. Greenberg, S.D., Boushy, S.F., Jenkins, D.E. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema: correlation of pathologic findings. Am Rev Respir Dis 1967;96:918–928.
49. Tandon, M.K., Campbell, A.H. Bronchial cartilage in chronic bronchitis. Thorax 1969;24:607–612.
50. Thurlbeck, W.M., Pun, R., Toth, J., Frazer, R.G. Bronchial cartilage in chronic obstructive lung disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1974;109:73–80.
51. Tobin, M.J., Jenouri, G., Sackner, M.A. Subjective and objective measurement of cigarette smoke inhalation. Chest 1982;82:696–700.
52. Valberg, P.A., Brain, J.D., Sneddon, S.L., LeMott, S.R., Breathing patterns influence aerosol deposition sites in excised dog lungs. J Appl Physiol 1982;53:824–837.
53. Higcnbottom, T., Feyeraband, C., Clark, T.J.H. Cigarette smoke inhalation and the acute airway response. Thorax 1980;35:246–254.
54. Falk, H.L., Tremer, H.M., Kotin, P. Effect of cigarette smoke and its constituents on ciliated mucus-secreting epithelium. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1959;23:999–1012.
55. Ailsby, R.L., Ghadially, F.N. A typical cilia in human bronchial mucosa. J Pathol 1973;109:75–78.
56. McDowell, E.M., Barrett, L.A., Harris, C.C., Trump, B.F. Abnormal cilia in human bronchialepithelium. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1976;100:429–526.
57. Rossman, C.M., Lee, R.M.K.W., Forrest, J.B., Newhouse, M.T. Nasal ciliary ultrastructure and function in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia compared with that in normal subjects and in subjects with various respiratory diseases. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;129:161–167.
58. Camner, P., Philipson, K. Tracheobronchial clearance in smoking discordant twins. Arch Environ Health 1972;25:60–63.
59. Sanchis, J., Dolovich, M., Rossman, C., Newhouse, M. Lung clearance in patients with airways obstruction. Bulletin dePhysio-Pathologie Respiratoire (Nancy) 1973;9:325–35.
60. Katz, D.H., Mead, R. Control of antibody synthesis. In: Middleton E, Reed C, Ellis EF,eds. Allergy:principles and practice. 2nd ed. St Louis: C V Mosby, 1983:31–42.