Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Childhood Mortality in Boston

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 313, Issue 6, 1985, Pages 360-366

  Wise, Paul H ^a   Kotelchuck, Milton ^a   Wilson, Mark L ^a   Mills, Mark ^a  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHILD; CHILDHOOD MORTALITY; ECONOMIC ASPECT; ETHNIC GROUP; HUMAN; INCOME; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SHORT SURVEY; SOCIAL ASPECT; SOCIOECONOMICS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0021882557     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: 15334406     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198508083130605     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Gortmaker SL. Poverty and infant mortality in the United States. Am Sociol Rev 1979; 44: 280–97.
2. United States National Center for Health Statistics. Infant mortality: socioeconomic factors. Series 22, No. 14. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1972.
3. Kitagawa EM, Hauser PM. Differential mortality in the United States: a study in socioeconomic epidemiology. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1973.
4. Jenkins CD, Tuthill RW, Tannenbaum SI, Kirby CR. Zones of excess mortality in Massachusetts. N Engl J Med 1977; 296: 1354–6.
5. Black D. Inequalities in health: report of a research working group. Great Britain: Department of Health and Social Security, 1980.
6. Starfield BH. Child health and socioeconomic status. Am J Public Health 1982; 72: 532–3.
7. Egbuonu L, Starfield B. Child health and social status. Pediatrics 1982; 69: 550–7.
8. American Academy of Pediatrics. Reducing the toll of injuries in childhood requires support for a focused research effort. Pediatrics 1983; 72: 736–7.
9. Gortmaker SL, Sappenfield W. Chronic childhood disorders: prevalence and impact. Pediatr Clin North Am 1984; 31: 3–18.
10. Yankauer A, Allaway NC. An analysis of neonatal mortality rates in New York State. Am J Dis Child 1958; 95: 240–4.
11. Williams R. Measuring the effectiveness of perinatal medical care. Rockville, Md.: Bureau of Community Health Services, Department of Health and Human Services, 1980.
12. Williams RL, Chen PM. Identifying the sources of the recent decline in perinatal mortality rates in California. N Engl J Med 1982; 306: 207–14.
13. David RJ, Siegel E. Decline in neonatal mortality, 1968 to 1977: better babies or better care? Pediatrics 1983; 71: 531–40.
14. Sall JP. FUNCAT, LOGIST procedures: SAS user's guide. Raleigh, N.C.: SAS Institute, 1979.
15. Paneth N, Kiely JL, Wallenstein S, Marcus M, Pakter J, Susser M. Newborn intensive care and neonatal mortality in low-birth-weight infants: a population study. N Engl J Med 1982; 307: 149–55.
16. Paneth N, Wallenstein S, Kiely JL, Susser M. Social class indicators and mortality in low birth weight infants. Am J Epidemiol 1982; 116: 364–75.
17. van den Berg BJ, Yerushalmy J. The relationship of the rate of intrauterine growth of infants in low birth weight to mortality, morbidity, and congenital anomalies. J Pediatr 1966; 69: 531–45.
18. Williams RL, Creasy RK, Cunningham GC, Hawes WE, Norris FD, Tashiro M. Fetal growth and perinatal viability in California. Obstet Gynecol 1982; 59: 624–32.
19. Foster JE, Kleinman JC. Adjusting neonatal mortality rates for birthweight. (Data Evaluation and Methods Research Series 2. No. 94.) Hyattsville, Md.: National Center for Health Statistics, Department of Health and Human Services, 1982. (DHHS publication no. (PHS)82–1368).
20. Idem. Changes in infant mortality and related rates by health service area: 1963–73 to 1974–77. (Statistical notes for health planners. No. 13). Rockville, Md.: National Center for Health Statistics, Department of Health and Human Services, 1981. (DHHS publication no. (PHS)81–1237).
21. Fleiss JL. Statistical methods for rates and proportions. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley, 1981.
22. Kleinman J. Mortality. (Statistical notes for health planners. No. 3). Rockville, Md.: National Center for Health Statistics, Department of Health and Human Services, 1977. (DHHS publication no. (HRA)77–1237).
23. The widening gap: the incidence and distribution of infant mortality and low birthweight in the United States 1978–1982. Washington, D.C.: Food Research and Action Center, 1984.
24. Young D. A promise kept: Boston's neighborhood health centers. Boston: Trustees of Health and Hospitals, City of Boston, 1982.
25. Rivara FP. Traumatic deaths of children in the United States: currently available prevention strategies. Pediatrics 1985; 75: 456–62.
26. Shapiro S, Schlesinger ER, Nesbitt REL Jr. Infant, perinatal, maternal, and childhood mortality in the United States. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968.
27. McCormack MC. The contribution of low birth weight to infant mortality and childhood morbidity. N Engl J Med 1985; 312: 82–90.
28. Institute of Medicine. Preventing low birthweight. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1985.
29. Naeye RL. Causes of fetal and neonatal mortality by race in a selected U.S. population. Am J Public Health 1979; 69: 857–61.
30. Kessel SS, Villar J, Berendes HW, Nugent RP. The changing pattern of low birth weight in the United States: 1970 to 1980. JAMA 1984; 251: 1978–82.
31. Binkin NJ, Williams RL, Hogue CJR, Chen PM. Reducing black neonatal mortality: will improvement in birth weight be enough? JAMA 1985; 253: 372–5.
32. Mare RD. Socioeconomic effects on child mortality in the United States. Am J Public Health 1982; 72: 539–47.
33. Children's deaths in Maine: 1976–1980. Augusta: Maine Department of Human Services, 1983.
34. Colley JRT, Reid DD. Urban and social origins of childhood bronchitis in England and Wales. Br Med J 1970; 2: 213–7.
35. Khoury MJ, Erickson JD, Adams MJ Jr. Trends in postneonatal mortality in the United States: 1962 through 1978. JAMA 1984; 252: 367–72.
36. Mierley MC, Baker SP. Fatal house fires in an urban population. JAMA 1983; 249: 1466–8.
37. Diehr P. Small area statistics: large statistical problems. Am J Public Health 1984; 74: 313–4.
38. United States Bureau of the Census. Census 1980. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1980.
39. United States Bureau of the Census. Conference on census undercount: proceedings of the 1980 conference. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1980.
40. Woolhandler S, Himmelstein DU, Silber R, Bader M, Harnly M, Jones AA. Medical care and mortality: racial differences in preventable deaths. Int J Health Serv 1985; 15: 1–22.