-
2
-
-
0019667318
-
New fluoride glasses for IR transmission
-
Physics of Fiber Optics, B. Bendow and S. S. Mistra, Eds., ACS
-
S. Takahashi, et al., “New fluoride glasses for IR transmission,” in Advances in Ceramics, vol. II, p. 74, Physics of Fiber Optics, B. Bendow and S. S. Mistra, Eds., ACS, 1981.
-
(1981)
Advances in Ceramics
, vol.2
, pp. 74
-
-
Takahashi, S.1
-
3
-
-
0020138306
-
Fluoride glasses of 3d transition metals
-
C. Jacoboni, A. le Bail, and R. de Pape, “Fluoride glasses of 3d transition metals,” Glass Tech., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 164-167, 1983.
-
(1983)
Glass Tech.
, vol.24
, Issue.3
, pp. 164-167
-
-
Jacoboni, C.1
Le Bail, A.2
De Pape, R.3
-
4
-
-
0019069817
-
Nouveaux verres fluores transmetteurs dans l'infrarouge dans les systemes LnF3-BaF2-ZnF2
-
G. Fonteneau, H. Slim, F. Lahaie, and J. Lucas, “Nouveaux verres fluores transmetteurs dans l'infrarouge dans les systemes LnF3-BaF2-ZnF2,” Mat. Res. Bull., vol. 15, pp. 1425-1432, 1980.
-
(1980)
Mat. Res. Bull.
, vol.15
, pp. 1425-1432
-
-
Fonteneau, G.1
Slim, H.2
Lahaie, F.3
Lucas, J.4
-
5
-
-
84987295259
-
Une nouvelle famille de verres fluores transmetteurs dans l'infrarouge: fluorures vitreux dans les systemes ThF4-BaF2-MF2 (M = Mn, Zn)
-
G. Fonteneau, F. Lahaie, and J. Lucas, “Une nouvelle famille de verres fluores transmetteurs dans l'infrarouge: fluorures vitreux dans les systemes ThF4-BaF2-MF2 (M = Mn, Zn),” Mat. Res. Bull., vol. 15, pp. 1143-1147, 1980.
-
(1980)
Mat. Res. Bull.
, vol.15
, pp. 1143-1147
-
-
Fonteneau, G.1
Lahaie, F.2
Lucas, J.3
-
6
-
-
0020175892
-
Fluorozirconate glasses with improved viscosity for fiber drawing
-
D. C. Tran, R. J. Ginther, and G. H. Sigel, Jr., “Fluorozirconate glasses with improved viscosity for fiber drawing,” Mat. Res. Bull, vol. 17, pp. 1177-1184, 1982.
-
(1982)
Mat. Res. Bull
, vol.17
, pp. 1177-1184
-
-
Tran, D.C.1
Ginther, R.J.2
Sigel, G.H.3
-
7
-
-
0021139305
-
Fabrication of fluoride glass fibres by the improved crucible technique
-
Y. Mimura, H. Tokiwa, and O. Shinbori, “Fabrication of fluoride glass fibres by the improved crucible technique,” Electron. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 100-101, 1984.
-
(1984)
Electron. Lett.
, vol.20
, pp. 100-101
-
-
Mimura, Y.1
Tokiwa, H.2
Shinbori, O.3
-
8
-
-
0019872995
-
Teflon FEP-clad fluoride glass fibres
-
S. Mitachi. S. Shibata. and T. Manabe, “Teflon FEP-clad fluoride glass fibres,” Electron Lett., vol. 17, pp. 128-129, 1981.
-
(1981)
Electron Lett.
, vol.17
, pp. 128-129
-
-
Mitachi, S.1
Shibata, S.2
Manabe, T.3
-
9
-
-
0019598050
-
Fluoride-glass cladded optical fibres for mid-infrared ray transmission
-
S. Mitachi, T. Miyashita, and T. Kanamori, “Fluoride-glass cladded optical fibres for mid-infrared ray transmission,” Electron. Lett., vol. 17, pp. 591-592, 1981.
-
(1981)
Electron. Lett.
, vol.17
, pp. 591-592
-
-
Mitachi, S.1
Miyashita, T.2
Kanamori, T.3
-
10
-
-
0020152766
-
Fluoride glass preforms prepared by a rotational casting process
-
D. C. Tran, C. F. Fisher, and G. H. Sigel, Jr., “Fluoride glass preforms prepared by a rotational casting process,” Electron. Lett., vol. 18, pp. 657-658, 1982.
-
(1982)
Electron. Lett.
, vol.18
, pp. 657-658
-
-
Tran, D.C.1
Fisher, C.F.2
Sigel, G.H.3
-
11
-
-
0021566577
-
Preparation of single-mode and multimode graded-index fluoride-glass optical fibers using a reactive vapor transport process
-
(New Orleans, LA.) paper TUG2
-
D. C. Tran, M. J. Burke, G. H. Sigel, Jr., and K. H. Levin, “Preparation of single-mode and multimode graded-index fluoride-glass optical fibers using a reactive vapor transport process,” in Tech. Dig. Conf. on Optical Fiber Communication (New Orleans, LA.) 1984, paper TUG2.
-
(1984)
Tech. Dig. Conf. on Optical Fiber Communication
-
-
Tran, D.C.1
Burke, M.J.2
Sigel, G.H.3
Levin, K.H.4
-
13
-
-
0021617314
-
-
presented at SPIE's Tech. Symp. East '84 (Arlington, VA) paper 484-01
-
G. H. Sigel, Jr. and D. C. Tran, “Ultralow loss optical fibers-An overview,” presented at SPIE's Tech. Symp. East '84 (Arlington, VA), 1984, paper 484-01.
-
(1984)
“Ultralow loss optical fibers-An overview,”
-
-
Sigel, G.H.1
Tran, D.C.2
-
14
-
-
0000798993
-
Glass formation in ionic systems
-
M. Poulain, “Glass formation in ionic systems,” Nature, vol. 293, pp. 279-280, 1981.
-
(1981)
Nature
, vol.293
, pp. 279-280
-
-
Poulain, M.1
-
15
-
-
84979347265
-
Fundamental condition for glass formation in fluoride systems
-
C. M. Baldwin and J. D. Mackenzie, “Fundamental condition for glass formation in fluoride systems,” J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., vol. 62, p. 573, 1979.
-
(1979)
J. Amer. Ceram. Soc.
, vol.62
, pp. 573
-
-
Baldwin, C.M.1
Mackenzie, J.D.2
-
16
-
-
84947654746
-
-
presented at Second Int. Symp. on Halide Glasses (Troy, NY) invited paper 36
-
M. Poulain, “Structure of heavy metal fluoride glasses,” presented at Second Int. Symp. on Halide Glasses (Troy, NY) 1983, invited paper 36.
-
(1983)
“Structure of heavy metal fluoride glasses,”
-
-
Poulain, M.1
-
17
-
-
0000635697
-
J. Chem. Phys.
-
R. M. Almeida and J. D. Mackenzie, J. Chem. Phys., vol. 74, p. 5954, 1981.
-
(1981)
, vol.74
, pp. 5954
-
-
Almeida, R.M.1
Mackenzie, J.D.2
-
19
-
-
84947656216
-
-
presented at 13th Boulder Laser Damage Symp. (Boulder, CO)
-
M. G. Drexhage, B. Bendow, O. L. Bayoumi, T. Loretz, C. T. Moynihan, J. J. Shaffer, P. A, Temple, and H. E. Bennett, “Progress in the development of multispectral glasses based on the fluorides of heavy metals,” presented at 13th Boulder Laser Damage Symp. (Boulder, CO), 1981.
-
(1981)
“Progress in the development of multispectral glasses based on the fluorides of heavy metals,”
-
-
Drexhage, M.G.1
Bendow, B.2
Bayoumi, O.L.3
Loretz, T.4
Moynihan, C.T.5
Shaffer, J.J.6
Temple, P.A.7
Bennett, H.E.8
-
20
-
-
0019623475
-
Prediction of loss minima in infrared optical fibres
-
S. Shibata, M. Horiguchi, K. Jinguji, S. Mitachi, T. Kanamori, and T. Manabe, “Prediction of loss minima in infrared optical fibres,” Electron. Lett., vol. 17, pp. 775-777, 1981.
-
(1981)
Electron. Lett.
, vol.17
, pp. 775-777
-
-
Shibata, S.1
Horiguchi, M.2
Jinguji, K.3
Mitachi, S.4
Kanamori, T.5
Manabe, T.6
-
21
-
-
84947656787
-
Preparation and properties of heavy metal fluoride glasses containing ytterbium of lutetium fluoride
-
submitted for publication
-
M. G. Drexhage et al., “Preparation and properties of heavy metal fluoride glasses containing ytterbium of lutetium fluoride,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., submitted for publication.
-
J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
-
-
Drexhage, M.G.1
-
22
-
-
84975624678
-
Extended IR absorption of multicomponents glasses based on the fluorides of thorium, barium, and other metals
-
M. G. Drexhage, B. Bendow, R. N. Brown, P. K. Banerjee, H. G. Lipson, G. Fonteneau, J. Lucas, and C. T. Moynihan, “Extended IR absorption of multicomponents glasses based on the fluorides of thorium, barium, and other metals,” Appl. Opt., vol. 21, pp. 971-972, 1982.
-
(1982)
Appl. Opt.
, vol.21
, pp. 971-972
-
-
Drexhage, M.G.1
Bendow, B.2
Brown, R.N.3
Banerjee, P.K.4
Lipson, H.G.5
Fonteneau, G.6
Lucas, J.7
Moynihan, C.T.8
-
23
-
-
0019559611
-
Fluoride glass for IR optical fibre
-
H. Poignant, J. LeMellot, and J. F. Bayon, “Fluoride glass for IR optical fibre,” Electron Lett., vol. 17, pp. 295-296, 1981.
-
(1981)
Electron Lett.
, vol.17
, pp. 295-296
-
-
Poignant, H.1
Lemellot, J.2
Bayon, J.F.3
-
24
-
-
84975594896
-
IR absorption of fluorozirconate glass in the 200-1800 cm-1 frequency regime
-
B. Bendow, M. G. Drexhage, H. G. Lipson, P. K. Barnajee, J. Goltman, S. Mitra, and C. T. Moynihan, “IR absorption of fluorozirconate glass in the 200-1800 cm-1 frequency regime,” Appl. Opt., vol. 20, pp. 2875-2877, 1981.
-
(1981)
Appl. Opt.
, vol.20
, pp. 2875-2877
-
-
Bendow, B.1
Drexhage, M.G.2
Lipson, H.G.3
Barnajee, P.K.4
Goltman, J.5
Mitra, S.6
Moynihan, C.T.7
-
25
-
-
0018116389
-
Solid State Phys
-
B. Bendow, Solid State Phys., vol. 33, pp. 249, 1978.
-
(1978)
, vol.33
, pp. 249
-
-
Bendow, B.1
-
26
-
-
36849103921
-
Appl. Phys. Lett.
-
B. Bendow, Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 23, p. 133, 1973.
-
(1973)
, vol.23
, pp. 133
-
-
Bendow, B.1
-
27
-
-
84947663085
-
-
presented at Second Int. Symp. on Halide Glasses (Troy, NY) paper 27
-
M. Matecki, M. Poulain and M. Poulain, “Progress in cadmium halide glasses,” presented at Second Int. Symp. on Halide Glasses (Troy, NY), 1983, paper 27.
-
(1983)
“Progress in cadmium halide glasses,”
-
-
Matecki, M.1
Poulain, M.2
Poulain, M.3
-
28
-
-
0019527824
-
Vibrational spectra of fluorohafnate glass
-
B. Bendow, M. G. Drexhage, P. K. Banerjee, J. Goltman, S. Mitra, and C. T. Moynihan, “Vibrational spectra of fluorohafnate glass,” Solid State Commun., vol. 37, pp. 485-489, 1981.
-
(1981)
Solid State Commun
, vol.37
, pp. 485-489
-
-
Bendow, B.1
Drexhage, M.G.2
Banerjee, P.K.3
Goltman, J.4
Mitra, S.5
Moynihan, C.T.6
-
29
-
-
84987358138
-
Effect of aluminum content on infrared characteristics of BaF2/ThF4-containing glasses
-
B. Bendow, P. K. Banerjee, M. G. Drexhage, and O. H. El-Bayoumi, “Effect of aluminum content on infrared characteristics of BaF2/ThF4-containing glasses,” J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., vol. 66, pp. C64-C66, 1983.
-
(1983)
J. Amer. Ceram. Soc.
, vol.66
, pp. C64-C66
-
-
Bendow, B.1
Banerjee, P.K.2
Drexhage, M.G.3
El-Bayoumi, O.H.4
-
30
-
-
84947665950
-
-
presented at First Symp. on Halide Glasses (Cambridge, MA)
-
B. Bendow, F. L. Galeener, and S. S. Mitra, “Vibrational spectroscopy of halide glasses,” presented at First Symp. on Halide Glasses (Cambridge, MA), 1982.
-
(1982)
“Vibrational spectroscopy of halide glasses,”
-
-
Bendow, B.1
Galeener, F.L.2
Mitra, S.S.3
-
31
-
-
84975581201
-
UV edge studies of fluorozirconate and fluorohafnate glass
-
R. N. Brown, B. Bendow, M. G. Drexhage, and C. T. Moynihan, “UV edge studies of fluorozirconate and fluorohafnate glass,” Appl. Opt., vol. 21, pp. 361-363, 1982.
-
(1982)
Appl. Opt.
, vol.21
, pp. 361-363
-
-
Brown, R.N.1
Bendow, B.2
Drexhage, M.G.3
Moynihan, C.T.4
-
32
-
-
0019562992
-
Verres fluores a large bande de transmission optique et a haute resistance chimique
-
M. Poulain, M. Poulain, and M. Matecki, “Verres fluores a large bande de transmission optique et a haute resistance chimique,” Mat. Res. Bull., vol. 16, pp. 555-564, 1981.
-
(1981)
Mat. Res. Bull.
, vol.16
, pp. 555-564
-
-
Poulain, M.1
Poulain, M.2
Matecki, M.3
-
33
-
-
0020783495
-
Comparative study of BaF2/ThF4 glasses containing YF3, YbF3 and LuF3
-
M. G. Drexhage, O. H. El-Bayoumi, H. Lipson, C. T. Moynihan, A. J. Bruce, J. Lucas, and G. Fonteneau, “Comparative study of BaF2/ThF4 glasses containing YF3, YbF3 and LuF3,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 56, pp. 51-56, 1983.
-
(1983)
J. Non-Cryst. Solids
, vol.56
, pp. 51-56
-
-
Drexhage, M.G.1
El-Bayoumi, O.H.2
Lipson, H.3
Moynihan, C.T.4
Bruce, A.J.5
Lucas, J.6
Fonteneau, G.7
-
35
-
-
0020830746
-
Optical absorption of 3d transition metal and rare-earth elements in zirconium fluoride glasses
-
Y. Ohishi, S. Mitachi, T. Kanamori, and T. Manabe, “Optical absorption of 3d transition metal and rare-earth elements in zirconium fluoride glasses,” Phys. Chem. Glasses, vol. 24, pp. 135140, 1983.
-
(1983)
Phys. Chem. Glasses
, vol.24
, pp. 135-140
-
-
Ohishi, Y.1
Mitachi, S.2
Kanamori, T.3
Manabe, T.4
-
36
-
-
0020796302
-
Reduction of impurities in fluoride glass optical fibers
-
S. Mitachi, Y. Terunuma, and Y. Ohishi, “Reduction of impurities in fluoride glass optical fibers,” Japan. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 22, pp. L537-L538, 1983.
-
(1983)
Japan. J. Appl. Phys.
, vol.22
, pp. L537-L538
-
-
Mitachi, S.1
Terunuma, Y.2
Ohishi, Y.3
-
39
-
-
84947668566
-
-
presented at SPIE's Tech. Symp. East '84 (Arlington, VA) paper 484-15
-
P. H. Klein, P.E.R. Nordquist, Jr., and A. H. Singer, “Removal of Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu from Zr to meet purity standards for 0.01 dB/km fluoride fibers,” presented at SPIE's Tech. Symp. East '84 (Arlington, VA), 1984, paper 484-15.
-
(1984)
“Removal of Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu from Zr to meet purity standards for 0.01 dB/km fluoride fibers,”
-
-
Klein, P.H.1
Nordquist, P.E.R.2
Singer, A.H.3
-
40
-
-
0019027093
-
Infrared-transparent glasses derived from the fluorides of zirconium, thorium, and barium
-
M. Robinson, R. C. Pastor, R. R. Turk, D. P. Devor, M. Braustein, and R. Braustein, “Infrared-transparent glasses derived from the fluorides of zirconium, thorium, and barium,” Mat. Res. Bull., vol. 15, pp. 735-742, 1980.
-
(1980)
Mat. Res. Bull.
, vol.15
, pp. 735-742
-
-
Robinson, M.1
Pastor, R.C.2
Turk, R.R.3
Devor, D.P.4
Braustein, M.5
Braustein, R.6
-
41
-
-
0020500988
-
Minimization of OH absorption and scattering losses in zirconium fluoride glasses
-
(New Orleans, LA) paper MC3
-
D. C. Tran et al., “Minimization of OH absorption and scattering losses in zirconium fluoride glasses,” in Tech. Dig. Conf. on Optical Fiber Communication (New Orleans, LA), 1983, paper MC3.
-
(1983)
Tech. Dig. Conf. on Optical Fiber Communication
-
-
Tran, D.C.1
-
42
-
-
0021625131
-
-
presented at SPIE's Tech. Symp. East '84 (Arlington, VA) paper 484-16
-
G. Maze, V. Cardin, and M. Poulain, “Fluroide glass infrared fibers for light transmission up to 5 µm, presented at SPIE's Tech. Symp. East '84 (Arlington, VA), 1984, paper 484-16.
-
(1984)
Fluroide glass infrared fibers for light transmission up to 5 µm
-
-
Maze, G.1
Cardin, V.2
Poulain, M.3
-
43
-
-
0019873085
-
Effect of ?-irradiation on mid-IR transmitting glass
-
A. Rosiewicz and J. R. Gannon, “Effect of ?-irradiation on mid-IR transmitting glass,” Electron Lett., vol. 17, pp. 184-185, 1981.
-
(1981)
Electron Lett.
, vol.17
, pp. 184-185
-
-
Rosiewicz, A.1
Gannon, J.R.2
-
45
-
-
0019623475
-
Electron Lett
-
S. Shibata, M. Horiguchi, K. Jinguji, S. Mitachi, T. Kanamori, and T. Manabe, Electron Lett., vol. 17, p. 775, 1981.
-
(1981)
, vol.17
, pp. 775
-
-
Shibata, S.1
Horiguchi, M.2
Jinguji, K.3
Mitachi, S.4
Kanamori, T.5
Manabe, T.6
-
46
-
-
0020205389
-
Rayleigh scattering in ZrF4-based glass
-
D. C. Tran, G. H. Sigel, Jr., K. H. Levin, and R. J. Ginther, “Rayleigh scattering in ZrF4-based glass,” Electron Lett., vol. 18, pp. 1046-1048, 1982.
-
(1982)
Electron Lett.
, vol.18
, pp. 1046-1048
-
-
Tran, D.C.1
Sigel, G.H.2
Levin, K.H.3
Ginther, R.J.4
-
47
-
-
0019675688
-
Dispersive and scattering properties of a ZrF4-based glass
-
H. Poignant, “Dispersive and scattering properties of a ZrF4-based glass,” Electron Lett., vol. 17, pp. 973-974, 1981.
-
(1981)
Electron Lett.
, vol.17
, pp. 973-974
-
-
Poignant, H.1
-
48
-
-
0021093881
-
Rayleigh scattering in fluoride glass optical fibres
-
D. C. Tran, K. H. Levin, C. F. Fisher, M. J. Burk, and G. H. Sigel, Jr., “Rayleigh scattering in fluoride glass optical fibres,” Electron. Lett., vol. 19, pp. 165-166, 1983.
-
(1983)
Electron. Lett.
, vol.19
, pp. 165-166
-
-
Tran, D.C.1
Levin, K.H.2
Fisher, C.F.3
Burk, M.J.4
Sigel, G.H.5
-
49
-
-
84947655110
-
-
presented at Second Int. Symp. on Halide Glasses (Troy, NY) paper 45
-
J. Schroeder, “Light scattering in fluoride glasses,” presented at Second Int. Symp. on Halide Glasses (Troy, NY), 1983, paper 45.
-
(1983)
“Light scattering in fluoride glasses,”
-
-
Schroeder, J.1
-
50
-
-
84975664185
-
Material dispersion of fluorozirconate-type glasses
-
B. Bendow, R. N. Brown, M, G. Drexhage, T. J. Loretz, and R. L. Kirk, “Material dispersion of fluorozirconate-type glasses,” Appl. Opt., vol. 20, pp. 3688-3690, 1981.
-
(1981)
Appl. Opt.
, vol.20
, pp. 3688-3690
-
-
Bendow, B.1
Brown, R.N.2
Drexhage, M.G.3
Loretz, T.J.4
Kirk, R.L.5
-
51
-
-
0020311481
-
Recent progress in IR fiber material research
-
J. Gannon and K. C. Byron, “Recent progress in IR fiber material research,” in Proc. SPIE, vol. 320, p. 34, 1982.
-
(1982)
Proc. SPIE
, vol.320
, pp. 34
-
-
Gannon, J.1
Byron, K.C.2
-
52
-
-
0019084981
-
Material dispersion zero in IR waveguides
-
K. Nassau, “Material dispersion zero in IR waveguides,” Electron. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 924-925, 1980.
-
(1980)
Electron. Lett.
, vol.16
, pp. 924-925
-
-
Nassau, K.1
-
53
-
-
84947655396
-
IR absorption in highly transparent glasses based on halmium fluoride
-
(Boulder,CO)
-
M. G. Drexhage, B. Bendow, H. Lipson, and C. T. Moynihan, “IR absorption in highly transparent glasses based on halmium fluoride,” in Proc. Boulder Laser Damage Symposium (Boulder,CO), 1980.
-
(1980)
Proc. Boulder Laser Damage Symposium
-
-
Drexhage, M.G.1
Bendow, B.2
Lipson, H.3
Moynihan, C.T.4
-
55
-
-
0019564410
-
Mat. Res. Bull.
-
M. P. Brassington et al., Mat. Res. Bull., vol. 16, pp. 613-621, 1981.
-
(1981)
, vol.16
, pp. 613-621
-
-
Brassington, M.P.1
-
57
-
-
84947657929
-
-
presented at Second Int. Symp. on Halide Glasses (Troy, NY) paper 11
-
P. W. France, J. Williams, J. F. Carter, and K. J. Beales, “Mechanical properties of IR transmitting fibres,” presented at Second Int. Symp. on Halide Glasses (Troy, NY), 1983, paper 11.
-
(1983)
“Mechanical properties of IR transmitting fibres,”
-
-
France, P.W.1
Williams, J.2
Carter, J.F.3
Beales, K.J.4
-
59
-
-
84947659313
-
-
presented at Second Int. Symp. on Halide Glasses (Troy, NY) paper 47
-
C. J. Simmons, S. A. Azali, and J. H. Simmons, “Chemical durability studies of heavy metal fluoride glasses,” presented at Second Int. Symp. on Halide Glasses (Troy, NY), 1983, paper 47.
-
(1983)
“Chemical durability studies of heavy metal fluoride glasses,”
-
-
Simmons, C.J.1
Azali, S.A.2
Simmons, J.H.3
-
60
-
-
84947665614
-
C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris
-
set. C413
-
D. Leroy and D. Ravaine, C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, vol. 286, set. C413, 1979.
-
(1979)
, vol.286
-
-
Leroy, D.1
Ravaine, D.2
-
61
-
-
0019670537
-
Fluorozirconate glasses for infrared transmitting optical fibers
-
K. Ohsawa, T. Shibata, K. Nakamura, and S. Yoshida, “Fluorozirconate glasses for infrared transmitting optical fibers,” in Tech. Digest, ECOC '81, pp. 1. 1-1-1.1-4.
-
Tech. Digest, ECOC '81
, pp. 1.1-1-1.1-4
-
-
Ohsawa, K.1
Shibata, T.2
Nakamura, K.3
Yoshida, S.4
-
63
-
-
84947659762
-
-
private communication
-
T. Kanamori, private communication.
-
-
-
Kanamori, T.1
-
64
-
-
84947659655
-
-
private communication
-
P. Schultz, private communication.
-
-
-
Schultz, P.1
|