Regional Brain Glucose Metabolism in Chronic Schizophrenia: A Positron Emission Transaxial Tomographic Study

Archives of General Psychiatry

Volumn 41, Issue 3, 1984, Pages 293-300

  Farkas, Tibor ^a   Wolf, Alfred P ^b   Jaeger, Judith ^a   Brodie, Jonathan D ^a   Christman, David R ^b   Fowler, Joanna S ^b   Macgregor, Robert R ^b   Deleon, Mony J ^a   Defina, Philip ^a   Goldman, Alan ^b   Yonekura, Yoshihara ^b   Brill, A Bertrand ^b   Schwartz, Melvin ^a   Logan, Jean ^b   Cancro, Robert ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; BASAL GANGLION; CASE REPORT; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; DIAGNOSIS; GLUCOSE BRAIN LEVEL; HUMAN; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

ADULT; BASAL GANGLIA; BRAIN; CEREBRAL CORTEX; DEOXYGLUCOSE; FLUORINE; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F18; FRONTAL LOBE; GLUCOSE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RADIOISOTOPES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TOMOGRAPHY, EMISSION-COMPUTED; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 0021354028     PISSN: 0003990X     EISSN: 15383636     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790140083010     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Reivich M, Kuhl D, Wolf A, Greenberg J, Phelps M, Ido T, Casella V, Fowler J, Hoffman E, Alavi A, Som P, Sokoloff L: The [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization in man. Circ Res 1979;44:127-137.
2. Phelps ME, Huang SC, Hoffman EJ, Selin C, Sokoloff L, Kuhl DE: Tomographic measurement of local cerebral glucose metabolic rate in humans with (F-18)2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose: Validation of method. Ann Neurol 1979;6:371-388.
3. Huang SC, Phelps ME, Hoffman EJ, Sideris K, Selin CJ, Kuhl DE: Noninvasive determination of local cerebral metabolic rate of glucose in man. Am J Physiol 1980;238:E69-E82.
4. Ter Pogossian MM, Phelps ME, Hoffman EJ, Mullani NA: A positronemission transaxial tomograph for nuclear imaging (PETT). Radiology 1975;114:89-98.
5. Phelps ME, Hoffman EJ, Mullani NA, Ter Pogossian MM: Application of annihilation coincidence detection to transaxial reconstruction tomography. J Nucl Med 1975;16:210-224.
6. Phelps ME: Positron computed tomography studies of cerebral glucose metabolism in man: Theory and application in nuclear medicine. Semin Nucl Med 1981;11:32-49.
7. Farkas T, Reivich M, Alavi A, Greenberg JH, Fowler JS, MacGregor RR, Christman DR, Wolf AP: Application of [18F]2-deoxy-2-fluoro-Dglucose and positron emission tomography in the study of psychiatric conditions, in Passonneau JV, Hawkins RA, Lust WD, Welsh FA (eds): Cerebral Metabolism and Neural Function. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1980, pp 403-408.
8. Reivich M, Alavi A, Greenberg J, Farkas T, Wolf A: The 18Ffluorodeoxyglucose method for measuring local cerebral glucose metabolism in man: Technique and results, in Progress in Nuclear Medicine, Basel, Switzerland, S Karger AG, 1981, vol 7, pp 138-148.
9. Farkas T, Wolf AP, Fowler J, MacGregor R, Brodie JD, Christman D, Cancro R, Brill R, Goldman A: Regional brain glucose metabolism in schizophrenia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metabol 1981;1(suppl 1):496.
10. Buchsbaum MS, Ingvar DH, Kessler R, Waters RN, Cappelletti J, van Kammen DP, King AC, Johnson JL, Manning RG, Flynn RW, Mann LS, Bunney WE Jr, Sokoloff L: Cerebral glucography with positron tomography: Use in normal subjects and in patients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;39:251-259.
11. Lassen NA, Ingvar DH: Radioisotopic assessment of regional cerebral blood flow. Prog Nucl Med 1972;1:376-409.
12. Ingvar DH, Franzen G: Distribution of cerebral activity in chronic schizophrenia. Lancet 1974;2:1484-1486.
13. Franzen G, Ingvar DH: Abnormal distribution of cerebral activity in chronic schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:199-214.
14. Siesjo BK: Brain Energy Metabolism. New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1978.
15. Kety SS, Schmidt CF: The determination of cerebral blood flow in man by the use of nitrous oxide in low concentrations. Am J Physiol 1945;143:53-66.
16. Kety SS, Schmidt CF: The nitrous oxide method for the quantitative determination of cerebral blood flow in man: Theory, procedure and normal values. J Clin Invest 1948;27:476-482.
17. Mazziotta JC, Phelps ME, Miller J, Kuhl DE: Tomographic mapping of human cerebral metabolism: Normal unstimulated state. Neurology 1981;31:503-516.
18. Phelps ME, Mazziotta J, Miller J, Kuhl DE: Comparison of quantitative transaxial and coronal positron tomography of the brain. J Nucl Med 1980;21(pt 1):15.
19. Mazziotta JC, Phelps ME, Carson RE, Kuhl DE: Tomographic mapping of human cerebral metabolism: Auditory stimulation. Neurology 1982;32:921-37.
20. Mazziotta JC, Phelps ME, Carson RE, Kuhl DE: Tomographic mapping of human cerebral metabolism: Sensory deprivation. Ann Neurol 1982;12:435-444.
21. Alavi A, Rintelmann W, Reivich M, Greenberg J, Christman D, Fowler J, Stein A, MacGregor RR, Wolf A: Response to auditory stimulation as mapped by positron emission tomography (PET) and F-18-deoxyglucose (FDG). J Nucl Med 1980;21:21.
22. Greenberg JH, Reivich M, Alavi A, Hand P, Rosenquist A, Rintelmann W, Stein A, Tusa R, Dann R, Christman D, Fowler J, MacGregor R, Wolf A: Metabolic mapping of functional activity in human subjects with the [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose technique. Science 1981;212:678-680.
23. Phelps ME, Kuhl DE, Mazziotta JC: Metabolic mapping of the brain's response to visual stimulation: Studies in humans. Science 1981;211:1445-1448.
24. Phelps ME, Mazziotta JC, Kuhl DE, Nuwer M, Packwood J, Metter J, Engel J: Tomographic mapping of human cerebral metabolism: Visual stimulation and deprivation. Neurology 1981;31:517-529.
25. Schwartz EL: Tomographic mapping of human primary visual cortex using positron emission tomography, abstracted. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1982;22:47.
26. Kuhl DE, Engel J Jr, Phelps ME, Selin C: Epileptic patterns of local cerebral metabolism and perfusion in humans determined by emission computed tomography of 18FDG and 13NH3. Ann Neurol 1980;8:348-360.
27. Kuhl DE, Phelps ME, Kowell AP, Metter EJ, Selin C, Winter J: Effects of stroke on local cerebral metabolism and perfusion: Mapping by emission computed tomography of 18FDG and 13NH3. Ann Neurol 1980;8:47-60.
28. Ferris SH, deLeon MJ, Wolf AP, Farkas T, Christman DR, Reisberg B, Fowler J, MacGregor R, Goldman A, George AE, Rampal S: Positron emission tomography in the study of aging and senile dementia. Neurobiol Aging 1980;1:127-131.
29. Farkas T, Ferris SH, Wolf AP, deLeon MJ, Christman DR, Reisberg B, Alavi A, Fowler JS, George AE, Reivich M: 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-Dglucose as a tracer in the positron emission tomographic study of senile dementia. Am J Psychiatry 1982;139:352-353.
30. Phelps ME, Mazziotta JC, Huang SC: Study of cerebral function with positron computed tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metabol 1982;2:113-162.
31. Fritsch G, Hitzig E: über die Elektrische Erregbarkeit des Grosshirns. Arch Anat Physiol Wissen Med 1870;37:300-332.
32. Lashley KS: Mass action in cerebral function. Science 1931;73:245-254.
33. Hebb DO: The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory. New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1949.
34. Edelman GM: Group selection and phasic reentrant signaling: A theory of higher brain function, in Edelman GM, Mountcastle VB (eds): The Mindful Brain: Cortical Organization and the Group-Selective Theory of Higher Brain Function. Cambridge, Mass, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1978, pp 51-100.
35. Bechtereva NP: The Neurophysiological Aspects of Human Mental Activity. New York, Oxford University Press, 1978.
36. Davison K, Bagley CR: Schizophrenia-like psychoses associated with organic disorders of the central nervous system: A review of the literature. Br J Psychiatry 1969;4(suppl):113-184.
37. Spitzer RL, Endicott J, Robins E: Research Diagnostic Criteria for a Selected Group of Functional Disorders, ed 3. New York, Biometrics Research Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1977.
38. Sprig BJ, Mannuzza S, Yozawitz A: The Combined Instrument Schedule (Revised Edition). New York, Department of Psychophysiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1977.
39. Wing JK, Cooper JE, Sartorius N: The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric symptoms: An Instruction Manual for the PSE and Catego Program. London, Cambridge University Press, 1974.
40. Cooper JE, Kendell RE, Gurland BJ, Sartorius N, Farkas T: Crossnational study of diagnosis of the mental disorders: Some results from the first comparative investigation. Am J Psychiatry 1969;125(suppl):21-30.
41. Spitzer R, Endicott J: Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, ed 2. New York, Biometrics Research Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1975.
42. Burdock EI, Hardesty AS: Structured Clinical Interview (SCI). New York, Springer Publishing Co Inc, 1968.
43. Wechsler D: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. New York, The Psychological Corporation, 1955.
44. Bender L: A Visual Motor Gestalt Test and Its Clinical Use. New York, American Orthopsychiatric Association, 1938.
45. Randt CT, Brown ER, Osborne DP: A memory test for longitudinal measurement of mild to moderate deficits. Clin Neuropsychol 1980;2:184-194.
46. Fowler JS, MacGregor RR, Wolf AP, Farrell AA, Karlstrom KI, Ruth TJ: A shielded synthesis system for production of 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-Dglucose (18FDG). J Nucl Med 1981;22:376-380.
47. Casella V, Ido T, Wolf AP, Fowler J, MacGregor R, Ruth T: Anhydrous 18F-F2 radiopharmaceutical preparation. J Nucl Med 1980;21:750-756.
48. Ido T, Wan CN, Casella V, Fowler JS, Wolf AP, Reivich M, Kuhl D: Labelled 2-deoxy-D-glucose analogs. J Labelled Comp Radiopharmaceut 1978;14:175-183.
49. Phelps ME, Hoffman EJ, Mullani N, Higgins CS, Ter Pogossian MM: Design considerations for a positron emission transaxial tomograph (PETT III). IEEE Nucl Sci 1976;23:516.
50. Matsui T, Hirano A: An Atlas of the Human Brain for Computerized Tomography. Tokyo, Igaku-Shoin, 1978.
51. Fuster JM: The Prefrontal Cortex: Anatomy, Physiology, and Neuropsychology of the Frontal Lobe. New York, Raven Press, 1980.
52. Hoffman EJ, Huang SC, Phelps ME: Quantitation in positron emission computed tomography: 1. Effect of object size. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1979;3:299-308.
53. Mazziotta JC, Phelps ME, Plummer D, Kuhl DE: Quantitation in positron emission computed tomography: 5. Physical-Anatomical Effects. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1981;5:734-744.
54. Kuhl DE, Phelps ME, Kowell AP, Matter EJ, Selin C, Winter J: Effects of stroke on local cerebral metabolism and perfusion: Mapping by emission computed tomography of 18FDG and 13NH3. Ann Neurol 1980;8:47-60.
55. Kety SS: The general metabolism of the brain in vivo, in Richter D (ed): The Metabolism of the Nervous System. New York, Pergamon Press, 1957, p 221.
56. Owen OE, Morgan AP, Kemp HG, Sullivan JM, Herrera MG, Cahill GF Jr: Brain metabolism during fasting. J Clin Invest 1967;46:1589-95.
57. Sachs W: Cerebral metabolism in vivo, in Lajtha A (ed): Handbook of Neurochemistry. New York, Plenum Press Inc, 1969, vol 1: Chemical Architecture of the Nervous System, pp 301-324.
58. Israelstam DM, Sargent T, Finley NN, Winchell HS, Fish MB, Mutto J, Pollycove M, Johnson A: Abnormal methionine metabolism in schizophrenic and depressive states: A preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res 1970;7:185-190.
59. Luchins DJ, Torrey EF, Weinberger DR, Zakman S, Delisi L, Johnson A, Rogentine N, Wyatt RJ: HLA antigens in schizophrenia: Differences between patients with and without evidence of brain atrophy. Br J Psychiatry 1980;126:243-248.
60. Luchins DJ, Weinberger DR, Wyatt RJ: Schizophrenia: Evidence of a subgroup with reversed cerebral asymmetry. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;36:1309-1311.
61. Weinberger DR, Torrey EF, Neophytides AN, Wyatt RJ: Lateral cerebral ventricular enlargement in chronic schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;36:735-739.
62. Weinberger DR, Torrey EF, Neophytides AN, Wyatt RJ: Structural abnormalities in the cerebral cortex of chronic schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;36:935-939.
63. Weinberger DR, Bigelow LB, Kleinman JE, Klein ST, Rosenblatt JE, Wyatt RJ: Cerebral ventricular enlargement in chronic schizophrenia: An association with poor response to treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980;37:11-13.
64. Weinberger DR, Cannon-Spoor E, Potkin SG, Wyatt RJ: Poor premorbid adjustment and CT scan abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1980;137:1410-1413.
65. Weinberger DR, Wyatt RJ: Schizophrenia and cerebral atrophy. Lancet 1980;1130:2129.
66. Huang SC, Phelps ME, Hoffman EJ, Kuhl DE: Error sensitivity of fluorodeoxyglucose method for measurement of cerebral metabolic rate of glucose. J Cereb Blood Flow Metabol 1981;1:391-401.
67. Wyatt RJ, Potkin SG, Bridge TP, Phelps BH, Wise CD: Monoamine oxidase in schizophrenia: An overview. Schizophr Bull 1980;6:199-207.
68. Angrist B, Rotrosen J, Gershon S: Differential effects of amphetamine and neuroleptics on negative vs. positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 1980;72:17-19.
69. Spohn HE, Patterson T: Recent studies of psychophysiology in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1979;5:581-611.
70. Luria AP: High Cortical Functions in Man, ed 2. New York, Basic Books Inc, 1980.
71. Kraepelin E: Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia: With Historical Introduction, reprint. New York, Robert E Krieger Publishing Co Inc, 1971, p 356.
72. Heath R, Franklin D, Shraberg D: Gross pathology of the cerebellum in patients diagnosed and treated as functional psychiatric disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis 1979;167:585-592.
73. Weinberger DR, Kleinman JE, Luchins DJ, Bigelow LB, Wyatt RJ: Cerebellar pathology in schizophrenia: A controlled post-mortem study. Am J Psychiatry 1980;137:359-361.
74. Snider RS, Snider SR: Commentary: Cerebellar lesions and psychiatric disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis 1979;167:758-759.
75. Crow TJ: Molecular pathology of schizophrenia: More than one disease process? Br J Psychiatry 1980;280:66-68.
76. MacGregor RR, Fowler JS, Wolf AP, Shiue CY, Lade RE, Wan CN: A synthesis of 11C-2-deoxy-D-glucose for regional metabolic studies. J Nucl Med 1981;22:800-803.
77. Reivich M, Alavi A, Wolf A, Greenberg JH, Fowler J, Christman D, MacGregor R, Jones SC, London J, Shiue C, Yonekura Y: The use of 2-deoxy-D[1-11C]glucose for the determination of local cerebral glucose metabolism in humans: Variation within and between subjects. J Cereb Blood Flow Metabol 1982;2:307-319.