Human strength curves

Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 1984, Pages 417-466

  Kulig, Kornelia ^a   Andrews, James G ^a   Hay, James G ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANKLE; BIOMECHANICS; BODY POSTURE; ELBOW; EXERCISE; FINGER JOINT; HIP; HUMAN; JOINT; KNEE; MECHANICAL STRESS; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); MUSCLE; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SHOULDER; SPINE; SPORT; WRIST;

ANKLE JOINT; BIOMECHANICS; ELBOW JOINT; EXERTION; FINGER JOINT; HIP JOINT; HUMAN; JOINTS; KNEE JOINT; MOVEMENT; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLES; POSTURE; SHOULDER JOINT; SPINE; SPORTS; STRESS, MECHANICAL; SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; WRIST JOINT;

EID: 0021306512     PISSN: 00916331     EISSN: 15383008     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1249/00003677-198401000-00014     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Ariel, G.B. Biomechanical analysis of the knee joint during deep knee bends with heavy load. In R.C. Nelson and C.A. Morehouse (Eds.). Biomechanics IV. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1974, pp. 44–52.
2. Atha, J. Strengthening muscle. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 9: 1981.
3. Barnes, W.J., and J.D. Allison. Isometric torque of the finger extensors at the metacarpophalangeal joints. Phys. Ther. 58:42–45, 1978.
4. Beasley, W.C. Influence of method on estimates of normal knee extensor force among normal and post-polio children. Phys. Ther. 36:21–41, 1956.
5. Bender, J.A., and H.M. Kaplan. The multiple angle testing method for the evaluation of muscle strength. J. Bone Joint Surg. 45:135–140, 1963.
6. Berger, R.A. Leg extension force at three different angles. Res. Q. 37:560–562, 1966.
7. Campney, H.K., and R.W. Wehr. An interpretation of the strength differences associated with varying angles of pull. Res. Q. 36:403–412, 1965.
8. Campney, H.K., and R.W. Wehr. Significance of strength variation through a range of joint motion. Phys. Ther. 45:773–779, 1965.
9. Carpenter, A. A study of the angles in the measurement of the leg lift. Res. Q. 9:70–72, 1938.
10. Clarke, H.H. Muscular Strength and Endurance. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice–Hall, 1966.
11. Clarke, H.H., and D.H. Clarke. Developmental and Adapted Physical Education. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice–Hall, 1963.
12. Clarke, H.H., E.C. Elkins, G.M. Martin, and K.G. Wakim. Application of muscle power to movements of the joints. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 31:81–89, 1950.
13. Doss, W.S., and P.V. Karpovich. A comparison of concentric, eccentric and isometric strength of elbow flexors. J. Appl. Physiol. 20:351–353, 1965.
14. Downer, A.H. Strength of the elbow flexor muscles. Phys. Ther. 33:68–70, 1953.
15. Elkins, E.C., U.M. Leder, and K.G. Wakim. Objective recording of the strength of normal muscles. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 33:639–647, 1951.
16. Fugl-Meyer, A.R., L. Gustafsson, and Y. Burstedt. Isokinetic and static plantar flexion characteristics. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 45:221–234, 1980.
17. Haffajee, D., M. Moritz, and G. Svantensson. Isometric knee extension strength as a function of joint angle, muscle length and motor unit activity. Acta Orthop. Scand. 43:138–147, 1972.
18. Hay, J.G., J. Dapena, B.D. Wilson, J.G. Andrews, and G.G. Woodworth. An analysis of joint contributions to the performance of a gross motor skill. In E. Asmussen and K. Jorgensen (Eds.). Biomechanics VIB. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1978, pp. 64–70.
19. Houtz, S., M. Lebow, and F. Beyer. Effect of posture on strength of the knee flexor and extensor muscles. J. Appl. Physiol. 11:475–480, 1957.
20. Hubley, C.L., and R.P. Wells. A work energy approach to determine individual joint contributions to vertical jump performance. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 50:247–254, 1983.
21. Hugh-Jones, P.H. The effect of limb position in the seated subject on ability to utilize the maximum contractile force of the limb muscles. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 105:332–346, 1947.
22. Jarvis, D.K. Relative strength of the hip rotator muscle groups. Phys. Ther. 32:500–503, 1952.
23. Jensen, R.H., G.L. Smith, and R.C. Johnston. A technique for obtaining measurements of force generated by the hip muscle. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 52:207–1971.
24. Jørgensen, K., and S. Bankov. Strength of elbow flexors with pronated and supinated forearm. In E. Jokl (Ed.). Biomechanics II. Basel: Karger, 1971, pp. 174–180.
25. Lindahl, O., A. Movin, and I. Rindqvist. Knee extension measurement of the isometric force in different positions of the knee joint. Acta Orthop. Scand. 40:79–1969.
26. Lindenburg, F.A. Leg angle and muscular efficiency in the inverted leg press. Res. Q. 35:79–83, 1964.
27. Linford, A.G., and G.L. Rarick. The effect of knee angle on the measurement of leg strength of college males. Res. Q. 39:582–586, 1968.
28. May, W.W. Maximum isometric force of the hip rotator muscle groups. J. Am. Phys. Ther. Assoc. 46:233–238, 1966.
29. May, W.W. Relative isometric force of the hip abductors and adductor muscle. Phys. Ther. 48:845–851, 1968.
30. McLaughlin, T.M., T. Lardner, and C.J. Dillman. Kinetics of the parallel squat. Res. Q. 49:175–189, 1978.
31. Mendier, H.M. Effect of stabilization on maximum isometric knee extensor force. Phys. Ther. 47:375–379, 1967.
32. Miller, D.I. Body segment contributions to sport skill performance: Two contrasting approaches. Res. Q. 51:219–233, 1980.
33. Murray, M.P., J.M. Baldwin, G.M. Gardner, S.B. Sepic, and W.J. Downs. Maximum isometric knee flexor and extensor muscle contraction: Normal patterns of torque versus time. Phys. Ther. 57:637–642, 1977.
34. Murray, M.P., and S.B. Sepic. Maximum isometric torque of hip abductor and adductor muscles. Phys. Ther. 48:1327–1335, 1968.
35. Nordejo, L.O., and B. Nordgren. Static and dynamic measuring of muscle function. Scand. J. Rehabil. Med. (Suppl. 6): 33–42, 1978.
36. Olson, V.L., G.L. Smidt, and R.C. Johnston. The maximum torque generated by the eccentric, isometric, and concentric contractions of the hip abductor muscles. Phys. Ther. 52:149–158, 1972.
37. Osternig, L.R., B.T. Bates, and S.L. James. Isokinetic and isometric torque force relationships. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 58:254–257, 1977.
38. Osternig, L.R., B.T. Bates, and S.L. James. Post-surgical mechanics of knee rotation. In A. Morecki, K. Fidelus, K. Kedzior, and A. Wit (Eds.). Biomechanics VII-B. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1981, pp. 601–605.
39. Osternig, L.R., J.A. Sawhill, B.T. Bates, and J. Hamill. A method for rapid collection and processing of isokinetic data. Res. Q. 53:252–256, 1982.
40. Petrofsky, J.S., and C.A. Phillips. The effect of elbow angle on isometric strength and endurance of the elbow flexors in men and women, J. Hum. Ergon. 9:125–1980.
41. Provins, K.A. Effect of limb position on the forces exerted about the elbow and shoulder joints on the two sites simultaneously. J. Appl. Physiol. 7:387–389, 1955.
42. Provins, K.A., and N. Slater. Maximum torque exerted about the elbow joint. J. Appl. Physiol. 7:393–398, 1955.
43. Putnam, C. Interaction between segments during a kicking motion. In H. Matsui and K. Kobayashi (Eds.). Biomechanics VIII. Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics, 1983, pp. 688–694.
44. Rasch, P.J. Effect of position of forearm on strength of elbow flexion. Res. Q. 27:333–337, 1955.
45. Salter, N., and H.D. Darcus. The effect of the degree of elbow flexion on the maximum torques developed in pronation and supination of the right hand. J. Anat. 86:197–202, 1952.
46. Sato, M., and Y. Sakai. Isometric and eccentric strength of elbow flexors and extensors. J. Anthropol. Soc. Nippon 76:183–190, 1968.
47. Scudder, G.N. Torque curves produced at the knee during isometric and isokinetic exercises. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 61:68–73, 1980.
48. Singh, M., and P.V. Karpovich. Strength of forearm flexors and extensors in men and women. J. Appl. Physiol. 25:177–180, 1968.
49. Smidt, G., T. Herring, L. Amundsen, M. Rogers, A. Russell, and T. Lehmann. Assessment of abdominal and back extensor functions: A quantitative approach and results for chronic low-back patients. Spine 8:211–219, 1983.
50. Tomberlin, J. Isometric force of hip rotator muscle groups. Master’s thesis, Stanford University, 1960.
51. Vaughan, C.L. A three-dimensional analysis of the forces and torques applied by a golfer during the downswing. In A. Morecki, K. Fidelus, K. Kedzior, and A. Wit (Eds.). Biomechanics VII-B. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1981, pp. 325–331.
52. Wells, K.F. Kinesiology, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1955.
53. Whitley, J.F. Measurement of strength of adduction of the arm in various positions. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 45:326–328, 1964.
54. Williams, M., and L. Stutzmann. Strength variation through the range of joint motion. Phys. Ther. 39:145–152, 1959.
55. Wright, W. Muscle Function. New York: Moeber, 1928.
56. Zernicke, R.F., and E.M. Roberts. Human lower extremity kinetic relationship during systematic variations in resultant limb velocity. In P.V. Komi (Ed.). Biomechanics V-B, Baltimore: University Park Press, 1976, pp. 20–25.