Retinal inhomogeneity. I. Spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity

Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics and Image Science, and Vision

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 1984, Pages 107-113

  Kelly, D H ^a  

^a SRI INTERNATIONAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DEPTH PERCEPTION; EYE FIXATION; HUMAN; INSTRUMENTATION; METHODOLOGY; PERCEPTIVE THRESHOLD; PHOTOSTIMULATION; PHYSIOLOGY; RETINA; TIME; VISUAL ACUITY;

FIXATION, OCULAR; HUMAN; PHOTIC STIMULATION; RETINA; SENSORY THRESHOLDS; SPACE PERCEPTION; SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S.; TIME FACTORS; VISUAL ACUITY;

VISION;

EID: 0021286118     PISSN: 10847529     EISSN: 15208532     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.1.000107     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Studies of this effect going back to the nineteenth century are cited by L. A. Riggs, “Visual acuity,” in Vision and Visual Perception, C. H. Graham, ed. (Wiley, New York, 1965)
2. G. Westheimer, “Visual acuity,” in Annual Review of Psychology, P. R. Farnsworth, ed. (Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, Calif., 1965), Vol. 16.
3. D. G. Green, “Regional variations in the visual acuity for interference fringes on the retina,” J. Physiol. (London) 207, 351-356 (1970).
4. J. A. M. Jennings and W. N. Charman, “Off-axis image quality in the human eye,” Vision Res. 21, 445-455 (1981).
5. J. M. Daitch and D. G. Green, “Contrast sensitivity of the human peripheral retina,” Vision Res. 9, 947-952 (1969).
6. R. Hilz and C. R. Cavonius, “Functional organization of the peripheral retina: sensitivity to periodic stimuli,” Vision Res. 14, 1333-1337 (1974).
7. J. Rovamo, V. Virsu, and R. Nasanen, “Cortical magnification factor predicts the photopic contrast sensitivity of peripheral vision,” Nature 271, 54-56 (1978).
8. V. Virsu and J. Rovamo, “Visual resolution, contrast sensitivity, and the cortical magnification factor,” Exp. Brain Res. 37, 475-494 (1979).
9. J. J. Koenderink, M. A. Bouman, A. E. Bueno de Mesquita, and S. Slappendel, “Perimetry of contrast detection thresholds of moving spatial sine wave patterns,” Parts I-IV, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68, 845-865 (1978).
10. A. J. Van Doorn, J. J. Koenderink, and M. A. Bouman, “The influence of retinal inhomogeneity on the perception of spatial patterns,” Kybernetik 10, 223-230 (1972).
11. B. Fischer, “Overlap of receptive field centers and representation of the visual field in the cat's optic tract,” Vision Res. 13, 2112-2120 (1973).
12. J, Rovamo and V. Virsu, “An estimation and application of the human cortical magnification factor,” Exp. Brain Res. 37, 495-510 (1979).
13. O. Bryngdahl, “Perceived contrast variation with eccentricity of spatial sine-wave stimuli: size determination of receptive field centres,” Vision Res. 6, 553-565 (1966).
14. G. Westheimer, “Spatial interaction in human cone vision,” J. Physiol. (London) 190, 139-154 (1967).
15. J. O. Limb and C. B. Rubinstein, “A model of threshold vision incorporating inhomogeneity of the visual field,” Vision Res. 17, 571-584 (1977).
16. H. R. Wilson, “Quantitative characterization of two types of line-spread function near the fovea,” Vision Res. 18, 971-981 (1978).
17. D. H. Kelly, “Spatial frequency, bandwidth and resolution,” Appl. Opt. 4, 435-437 (1965).
18. D. Regan and K. I. Beverley, “Visual fields described by contrast sensitivity, by acuity and by relative sensitivity to different orientations,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 24, 754-759 (1983).
19. D. H. Kelly and H. S. Magnuski, “Pattern detection and the two-dimensional Fourier transform: circular targets,” Vision Res. 15, 911-915 (1975).
20. By an indirect method, involving comparison of data from different laboratories, Kelly and Magnuski inferred a systematic difference between the thresholds for rectilinear sine-wave targets and those for circular sine-wave targets, which increased with spatial frequency. More-recent, direct comparisons made in the author's laboratory show a much smaller difference, small enough to be attributed entirely to the oblique effect. This result is also consistent with the recent, direct comparison of rectilinear and Bessel-function targets reported in Ref. 20 (in which the difference is similar to that obtained by direct comparison of circular-sine and Bessel-function targets, Kelly and Magnuski's Fig. 6). We conclude that these frequency-dependent effects are negligible for the circular targets used in the present study.
21. D. H. Kelly, W. E. Evans and C. H. Dawson, “Software-based display system for visual experiments,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 72, 1757 (A) (1982).
22. D. H. Kelly, “Motion and vision. IV. Isotropic and anisotropic spatial responses,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 72, 432-439 (1982).
23. H. D. Crane and C. M. Steele, “Accurate three-dimensional eye-tracker,” Appl. Opt. 17, 691-705 (1978).
24. H. D. Crane and M. R. Clark, “Three-dimensional visual stimulus deflector,” Appl. Opt. 17, 706-714 (1978).
25. The conditions under which this occurs in the present apparatus are given by D. H. Kelly, “Disappearance of stabilized chromatic gratings,” Science 214, 1257-1258 (1981).
26. V. Virsu, J. Rovamo, P. Laurinen, and R. Nasanen, “Temporal contrast sensitivity and cortical magnification,” Visual Res. 22, 1211-1217 (1982).
27. C. A. Burbeck and D. H. Kelly, “Spatiotemporal characteristics of visual mechanisms: excitatory-inhibitory model,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 70, 1121-1126 (1980).
28. D. H. Kelly, “Theory of flicker and transient responses. I. Uniform fields,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 61, 537-546 (1971).
29. D. H. Kelly, “Theory of flicker and transient responses. II. Counterphase gratings,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 61, 632-640 (1971).
30. D. H. Kelly, “Effects of sharp edges in a flickering field,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 49, 730-732 (1959).
31. D. Ĥ. Kelly, “Flickering patterns and lateral inhibition,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 59, 1361-1370 (1969).
32. D. H. Kelly, “Motion and vision. II. Stabilized spatio-temporal threshold surface,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 69, 1340-1349 (1979).
33. D. H. Kelly, “Retinal inhomogeneity: II. Spatial summation,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1, 114-119 (1983).