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For useful summaries of these differences see, 1981
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Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, Although Breed [30] interviewed 206 controls (each suicide being matched by sex, race and age with two controls), no information on their employment status is presented in this report; and no comparison with the general population is made. Maris's sample of national deaths is not matched to his sample of suicides
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The dangers of using numbers rather than rates is nicely illustrated by Cook et al. [34] who show that the Pearson correlation between the N of suicides and the N of employed persons in the U.S.A. over the years 1900–1975 was +0.83! Once population growth is ‘controlled for’ by using detrended data, the relationship becomes significantly negative (r = -0.59).
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Evidence of an association at the aggregate level between changes in the economy and changes in the incidence of psychiatric illness, though strong [4,47,48], is not conclusive
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148
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According to an alternative version of this model the impact of economic conditions upon the health of the population would not be reflected in an increase in the number of persons with psychiatric symptoms, but in an increase in the proportion of the psychiatric pool suffering from a major disorder. Given the association between such disorders and suicide, the suicide rate would be likely to rise also.
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In their study of overdose patients assessed using the Present State Examination, Newson-Smith and Hirsch found that psychiatric symptoms were common during the four weeks preceding the act. 31% of patients had a definite psychiatric disorder and a further 29% were in the border-line or ‘threshold’ category. All but one patient in these two groups were diagnosed as suffering from depressive disorders. Urwin and Gibbons found that 30% of their sample of self-poisoners had definite disorders and 42% were in the borderline group. Most were suffering from depression. A quarter of the men and just over 1 in 10 of the women were classified as having personality disorders. Only one-third of male parasuicide admissions to the Regional Poisoning Treatment Centre, Edinburgh, in 1980 were not classified as either psychiatrically ill or personality disordered or alcoholic. This proportion rose to just under a half in 1981. About a third of male admissions [[Truncated]]
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