Canadian Newsprint 1913-1930: National Policies and the North American Economy

The Journal of Economic History

Volumn 42, Issue 3, 1982, Pages 659-687

  Dick, Trevor J O ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LETHBRIDGE   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0020375153     PISSN: 00220507     EISSN: 14716372     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0022050700027996     Document Type: Article

References (134)

1. James D. Studley, The United States Pulp and Paper Industry (Washington, D.C., 1938), pp. 1-7
2. Louis T. Stevenson, The Background and Economics of American Papermaking (New York, 1940), chapter 1
3. David C. Smith, The History of Papermaking in the united States (New York, 1970), chapters 1–6.
4. David C. Smith, “Wood Pulp and Newspapers 1867-1900,” Business History Review, 38 (Autumn 1964), 328-45
5. John A. Guthrie, The Newsprint Paper Industry (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1941), chapter 2.
6. Lyman H. Weeks, A History of Paper Manufacturing in the United States 1690–1916 (New York, 1926), chapters 12–14
7. Studley, The U. S. Pulp and Paper Industry, p. 59.
8. Studley, The U. S. Pulp and Paper Industry, pp. 76–87.
9. Stevenson, The Background and Economics of American Papermaking, chapter 4.
10. Simon N. Whitney, Anti-Trust Policies, American Experience in Twenty Industries (New York, 1958), chapter 6, especially pp. 355–58
11. J. G. Cummins, Concentration and Mergers in the Pulp and Paper Industries of the Untied States and Canada 1895–1955, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Johns Hopkins, 1960.
12. R. S. Kellogg, Newsprint in North America (New York, 1948), pp. 10–27.
13. George Carruthers, Paper-Making, Part II: First Century of Paper Making in Canada (Toronto, 1947).
14. Studley, The U. S. Pulp and Paper Industry, pp. 79
15. R. G. Lewis, “Development of the Pulp and Paper Industry from 1900 to 1925,” Pulp and Paper Magazine of Canada (February 1927), p. 187
16. Studley, The U. S. Pulp and Paper Industry, p. 60
17. R. S. Kellogg, Pulpwood and Woodpulp in North America (New York, 1923), Appendix, pp. 230–32.
18. Studley, The U. S. Pulp and Paper Industry, pp. 70
19. M. C. Urquhart and K. Buckley, Historical Statistics of Canada (Toronto, 1965), p. 334
20. Kellogg, Pulpwood and Woodpulp in North America, pp. 224–29.
21. Reference Tables (Montreal, 1951)
22. Lockwood's Directory of Paper and Allied Trades (New York, annually from 1884–85)
23. Carruthers, First Century of Paper Making in Canada.
24. Guthrie, The Newsprint Paper Industry, p. 9.
25. Kellogg, Pulpwood and Woodpulp in North America, p. 230.
26. United States Tariff Board, Pulp and News-print Paper Industry, Senate Document no. 31, 62nd Congress, 1st Session (Washington, D.C., 1911), pp. 77ff.
27. Guthrie, The Newsprint Paper Industry, chapter 9.
28. Kellogg, Pulpwood and Woodpulp in North America, p. 226
29. Studley, The Pulp and Paper Industry, p. 78.
30. Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Reference Tables, Table 67, p. 24.
31. H. Marshall, Frank A. Southard, and Kenneth Taylor, Canadian-American Industry (New Haven, 1936), pp. 35–53
32. H. G. J. Aitken, American Capital and Canadian Resources (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1961), pp. 37
33. Guthrie, The Newsprint Paper Industry, chapter 5
34. Lloyd G. Reynolds, The Control of Competition in Canada (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1940), pp. 23ff.
35. V. W. Bladen, An Introduction to Political Economy (Toronto, 1944), pp. 162–83
36. Cummins, Concentration and Mergers.
37. Robert E. Ankli, “The Canadian Newsprint Industry, 1900-1940,“in Bruce R. Dalgaard, ed., Variations in Business and Economic History, Essays in Honor of Donald L. Kemmerer (Greenwich, Connecticut, 1982)
38. Reynolds, The Control of Competition in Canada, p. 99.
39. Reynolds, The Control of Competition in Canada, pp. 173–75
40. H. V. Nelles, The Politics of Development (Toronto, 1974), pp. 443–64
41. J. W. Birch, The Changing Location of the Wood Pulp Industry in the United States and Canada: 1900–1956, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Johns Hopkins, 1961.
42. Reynolds, The Control of Competition in Canada, p. 100.
43. C. P. Fell, “The Newsprint Industry,” in H. A. Innis and A. W. F. Plumptre, eds., The Canadian Economy and its Problems (Toronto, 1934), pp. 40–53.
44. J. G. Glover and W. B. Cornell, The Development of American Industries (New York, 1941), pp. 145–50
45. Stevenson, The Background and Economics of American Paper Making, chapter 4.
46. Bladen, An Introduction to Political Economy, pp. 153–54
47. Kellogg, Newsprint in North America, p. 49.
48. L. Ethan Ellis, Print Paper Pendulum (New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1948)
49. Ellis, Print Paper Pendulum, chapter 3.
50. Guthrie, The Newsprint Paper Industry, p. 179.
51. John W. M. Bliss, “‘Another Anti-Trust Tradition: Canadian Anti-Combines Policies 1889-1910,” Business History Review, 47 (Summer 1973), 39–50
52. Reynolds, The Control of Competition in Canada, pp. 169–70.
53. Federal Trade Commission, Report on the News-print Paper Industry (Washington, D.C., 1917)
54. O. E. Merchant, “The Government and the Newsprint Paper Manufacturers,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 32 and 34 (February 1918 and February 1920), 238–56
55. J. A. Guthrie, “‘Price Regulation in the Paper Industry,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 60 (February 1946), 194–218
56. Tom Traves, State and Enterprise, Canadian Manufacturers and the Federal Government 1917–1931 (Toronto, 1979), chapter 3.
57. Ellis, Print Paper Pendulum, pp. 51
58. Constant Southworth, “The American-Canadian Newsprint Paper Industry and the Tariff,” Journal of Political Economy, 30 (October 1922), pp. 681-82
59. Smith, The History of Paper Making in the United States, pp. 316
60. Stevenson, The Background and Economics of American Paper Making, p. 195
61. Weeks, A History of Paper Manufacturing, p. 317
62. Richard Johnston and Michael B. Percy, “Reciprocity, Imperial Sentiment and Party Politics in the 1911 Election,” Canadian Journal of Political Science (December 1980), p. 715
63. Nelles, The Politics of Development, p. 346.
64. Guthrie, The Newsprint Paper Industry, p. 46
65. Bladen, An Introduction to Political Economy, p. 155.
66. Traves, State and Enterprise, p. 30.
67. Southworth, “The American-Canadian Newsprint Industry and the Tariff,” p. 694
68. Smith, The History of Paper Making in the United States, p. 209.
69. Guthrie, The Newsprint Paper Industry, p. 46
70. H. G. J. Aitken, “Defensive Expansion: The State and Economic Growth in Canada,” in W. T. Easterbrook and M. H. Watkins, eds., Approaches to Canadian Economic History, Carleton Library no. 31 (Toronto, 1967), p. 212
71. Nelles, The Politics of Development, p. 104.
72. Guthrie, The Newsprint Paper Industry, chapter 8
73. Guthrie, “Price Regulation in the Paper Industry,” pp. 198–200.
74. Guthrie, The Newsprint Paper Industry, chapter 5.
75. J. A. Guthrie, An Economic Analysis of the Pulp and Paper Industry (Pullman, Washington, 1972), chapter 2
76. Guthrie, The Newsprint Paper Industry, chapter 7.
77. Stevenson, The Background and Economics of American Paper Making, chapter 4.
78. Guthrie, The Newsprint Paper Industry, pp. 93-94
79. Guthrie, “Price Regulation in the Paper Industry,” p. 197
80. Guthrie, An Economic Analysis of the Pulp and Paper Industry, p. 187
81. Bladen, An Introduction to Political Economy, pp. 159–61
82. Stevenson, The Background and Economics of American Paper Making, chapter 6.
83. Guthrie, The Newsprint Paper Industry, chapters 1 and 6 and pp. 122-24
84. Guthrie, “Price Regulation and the Paper Industry,” p. 196
85. Stevenson, The Background and Economics of American Paper Making, pp. 139–40.
86. Kellogg, Newsprint in North America, pp. 7–9
87. Studley, The United States Pulp and Paper Industry, pp. 74–75.
88. Glover and Cornell, The Development of American Industries, pp. 147–48.
89. Guthrie, “Price Regulation and the Paper Industry,” p. 202.
90. Guthrie, “Price Regulation and the Paper Industry,” pp. 214–15
91. E. A. Forsey, “The Pulp and Paper Industry,” Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, 1 (February 1935), p. 506.
92. Guthrie, The Newsprint Paper Industry, chapter 8.
93. L. Ethan Ellis, Newsprint Producers, Publishers, Political Pressures (New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1960), Table III, pp. 240
94. A. E. Safarian, The Canadian Economy in the Great Depression (Toronto, 1959), p. 44.
95. Robert W. Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman, eds., The Reinterpretation of American Economic History (New York, 1971), pp. 98–115.
96. Guthrie, The Newsprint Paper Industry, chapter 12.
97. Fogel and Engerman, The Reinterpretation.
98. Glover and Cornell, The Development of American Industries, p. 145.
99. Paul L. Joskow and Edward F. McKelvey, “The Fogel-Engerman Iron Model: A Clarifying Note,” Journal of Political Economy, 81 (Sept./Oct. 1973), 1236–40.
100. Gavin Wright, “Econometric Studies of History,” in M. D. Intriligator, ed., Frontiers of Quantitative Economics (Amsterdam, 1970), pp. 449–53.
101. Joskow and McKelvey, “The Fogel-Engerman Iron Model,” p. 1240.
102. Canada, Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Canadian Forestry Statistics Reference Paper (Ottawa, 1959), Table 18, p. 43
103. United States, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Manufacturing (Washington, D.C., 1919, 1920, and 1929), pp. 433
104. Reference Tables, Table 45, p. 19
105. Kellogg, Newsprint Paper in North America, pp. 49–50
106. Canadian retail prices from Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Prices and Price Indexes 1913–25, and Prices and Price Indexes 1913–27 (Ottawa, 1925 and 1927), pp. 88–89
107. The deflators used are Series E-135 from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States, Vol. 1 (Washington, D.C., 1976)
108. “Real Wage Trends in Canada, 1900-1926: Some Provisional Estimates,” Canadian Journal of Economics (February 1979), p. 306
109. Urquhart and Buckley, Historical Statistics of Canada.
110. A. McC. Lee, The Daily Newspaper in America (New York, 1937), pp. 726–27
111. Reference Tables, p. 22.
112. Canada Year Book (Ottawa, 1935), p. 771
113. A. McKim, Canadian Newspaper Directory (Montreal, 1909 and 1919), pp. 258–60
114. Urquhart and Buckley, Historical Statistics of Canada
115. Historical Statistics of the United States, Vol. 1.
116. The Pulp and Paper Industry (Ottawa, annual)
117. Stevenson, The Background and Economics of American Paper-making, pp. 62–63.
118. Dominion Bureau of Statistics, The Pulp and Paper Industry
119. Guthrie, The Newsprint Paper Industry, chapter 9.
120. Kellogg, Newsprint Paper in North America, p. 64.
121. Urquhart and Buckley, Historical Statistics of Canada, and for the United States
122. Historical Statistics of the United States.
123. John Kendrick, Productivity Trends in the United States (New York, 1961), p. 471
124. Jacob Schmookler, Invention and Economic Growth (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1966), p. 225.
125. Guthrie, The Newsprint Paper Industry, chapter 13.
126. G. H. Orcutt, “Measurement of Price Elasticities in International Trade,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 52 (May 1950), 117–32.
127. Edward Learner and Robert M. Stern, Quantitative International Economics (Boston, 1970), pp. 8–17.
128. Lloyd A. Metzler, “Tariffs, the Terms of Trade and the Distribution of National Income,” Journal of Political Economy, 57 (February 1949), 1–29.
129. Kellogg, Pulpwood and Woodpulp in North America, p. 230.
130. Kellogg, Newsprint Paper in North America, p. 64.
131. Guthrie, The Newsprint Paper Industry, p. 149
132. Dominion Bureau of Statistics, The Pulp and Paper Industry, (1917)
133. Guthrie, The Newsprint Paper Industry, chapter 12.