메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue 5, 1982, Pages 514-539

The mysterious motor function of the basal ganglia: The Robert Wartenberg Lecture

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABSTRACT REPORT; BASAL GANGLION; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; ETIOLOGY; PARKINSON DISEASE;

EID: 0020029213     PISSN: 00283878     EISSN: 1526632X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1212/wnl.32.5.514     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (804)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 0002637262 scopus 로고
    • Disorders of motility and muscle tone, with special reference to the striatum
    • Wilson SAK. Disorders of motility and muscle tone, with special reference to the striatum. Lancet 1925;2:1-53,169,215,268.
    • (1925) Lancet , vol.2
    • Wilson, S.A.K.1
  • 2
    • 84963072124 scopus 로고
    • Progressive lenticular degeneration: A familial nervous disease associated with cirrhosis of the liver
    • Wilson SA. Progressive lenticular degeneration: a familial nervous disease associated with cirrhosis of the liver. Brain 1912;34:295-509.
    • (1912) Brain , vol.34 , pp. 295-509
    • Wilson, S.A.1
  • 3
    • 0017223283 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical organization of the corpus striatum and related nuclei
    • Yahr MD, ed. New York: Raven Press
    • Carpenter MB. Anatomical organization of the corpus striatum and related nuclei. In: Yahr MD, ed. The basal ganglia. New York: Raven Press, 1976:1-35.
    • (1976) The basal ganglia , pp. 1-35
    • Carpenter, M.B.1
  • 5
    • 0018631717 scopus 로고
    • A proposed conceptual reorganization of the basal ganglia and telencephalon
    • Nauta HJW. A proposed conceptual reorganization of the basal ganglia and telencephalon. Neuroscience 1979;4:1875-81.
    • (1979) Neuroscience , vol.4 , pp. 1875-1881
    • Nauta, H.J.W.1
  • 6
    • 0002461836 scopus 로고
    • Extrinsic connections of the neostriatum
    • Divac I, Öberg RGE, eds. Oxford: Per-gamon Press
    • Grofova I: Extrinsic connections of the neostriatum. In: Divac I, Öberg RGE, eds. The neostriatum. Oxford: Per-gamon Press, 1979:37-51.
    • (1979) The neostriatum , pp. 37-51
    • Grofova, I.1
  • 7
    • 0002746837 scopus 로고
    • The internal organization of the neostriatum in mammals
    • Divac I, Öberg RGE, eds., Oxford: Pergamon Press
    • Pasik P, Pasik T, DiFiglia M. The internal organization of the neostriatum in mammals. In: Divac I, Öberg RGE, eds. The neostriatum. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1979:5-36.
    • (1979) The neostriatum , pp. 5-36
    • Pasik, P.1    Pasik, T.2    DiFiglia, M.3
  • 8
    • 0002772536 scopus 로고
    • Sensory functions of the neostriatum
    • Divac I, Öberg RGE, eds., Oxford: Pergamon Press
    • Krauthamer GM. Sensory functions of the neostriatum. In: Divac I, Öberg RGE, eds. The neostriatum. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1979:263-89.
    • (1979) The neostriatum , pp. 263-289
    • Krauthamer, G.M.1
  • 9
    • 0017857415 scopus 로고
    • Striatal control of locomotion, intentional actions and of integrating and perceptive activity
    • Hassler R. Striatal control of locomotion, intentional actions and of integrating and perceptive activity. J Neurol Sci 1978;36:187-224.
    • (1978) J Neurol Sci , vol.36 , pp. 187-224
    • Hassler, R.1
  • 10
    • 0017272102 scopus 로고
    • The role of the basal ganglia in the initiation of movement
    • Yahr MD, ed., New York: Raven Press
    • Denny-Brown D, Yanagisawa N. The role of the basal ganglia in the initiation of movement. In: Yahr MD, ed. The basal ganglia. New York: Raven Press, 1976:115-48.
    • (1976) The basal ganglia , pp. 115-148
    • Denny-Brown, D.1    Yanagisawa, N.2
  • 11
    • 0016194372 scopus 로고
    • Relation of basal ganglia, cerebellum and motor cortex units to ramp and ballistic limb movements
    • DeLong MR, Strick PL. Relation of basal ganglia, cerebellum and motor cortex units to ramp and ballistic limb movements. Brain Res 1974;71:327-35.
    • (1974) Brain Res , vol.71 , pp. 327-335
    • DeLong, M.R.1    Strick, P.L.2
  • 12
    • 0016209566 scopus 로고
    • Single unit recording in the caudate nucleus during sessions with elaborate movement in the awake monkey
    • Buser P, Ponderoux G, Mereaux J. Single unit recording in the caudate nucleus during sessions with elaborate movement in the awake monkey. Brain Res 1974;71:337-44.
    • (1974) Brain Res , vol.71 , pp. 337-344
    • Buser, P.1    Ponderoux, G.2    Mereaux, J.3
  • 13
    • 0002058450 scopus 로고
    • Activity of neurones in the neostriatum and related structures in the alert animal
    • Divac I, Öberg RGE, eds., Oxford: Pergamon Press
    • Rolls ET, Thorpe SJ, Maddison S, Roper-Hall A, Puerto A, Perret D. Activity of neurones in the neostriatum and related structures in the alert animal. In: Divac I, Öberg RGE, eds. The neostriatum. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1979:163-82.
    • (1979) The neostriatum , pp. 163-182
    • Rolls, E.T.1    Thorpe, S.J.2    Maddison, S.3    Roper-Hall, A.4    Puerto, A.5    Perret, D.6
  • 14
    • 0000574394 scopus 로고
    • The extrapyramidal motor system
    • Field J, Magoun W, Hall VE, eds., Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins
    • Jung R, Hassler R. The extrapyramidal motor system. In: Field J, Magoun W, Hall VE, eds. Handbook of physiology, section I: neurophysiology, vol II. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1960:863-927.
    • (1960) Handbook of physiology, section I: Neurophysiology , vol.2 , pp. 863-927
    • Jung, R.1    Hassler, R.2
  • 15
    • 12244291379 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory functions in the neostriatum
    • Divac I, Öberg RGE, eds. Oxford: Pergamon Press
    • Delgado JMR. Inhibitory functions in the neostriatum. In: Divac I, Öberg RGE, eds. The neostriatum. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1979:41-61.
    • (1979) The neostriatum , pp. 41-61
    • Delgado, J.M.R.1
  • 16
    • 0001675235 scopus 로고
    • Effects of sub-cortical lesions in monkeys on visual - discrimination and single - alternation performance
    • Rosvold HE, Mishkin M, Szwarcbart MK. Effects of sub-cortical lesions in monkeys on visual - discrimination and single - alternation performance. J Comp Physiol Psychol 1958;51:437-44.
    • (1958) J Comp Physiol Psychol , vol.51 , pp. 437-444
    • Rosvold, H.E.1    Mishkin, M.2    Szwarcbart, M.K.3
  • 17
    • 0003089322 scopus 로고
    • Neural structures involved in delayed response performance
    • Warren JM, Akert K, eds. New York: McGraw Hill
    • Rosvold HE, Szwarcbart MK. Neural structures involved in delayed response performance. In: Warren JM, Akert K, eds. The frontal granular cortex and behavior. New York: McGraw Hill, 1964:1-15.
    • (1964) The frontal granular cortex and behavior , pp. 1-15
    • Rosvold, H.E.1    Szwarcbart, M.K.2
  • 18
    • 0001939741 scopus 로고
    • “Cognitive” functions of the neostriatum
    • Divac I, Öberg RGE, eds., Oxford: Pergamon Press
    • Öberg RGE, Divac I. “Cognitive” functions of the neostriatum. In: Divac I, Öberg RGE, eds. The neostriatum. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1979:291-313.
    • (1979) The neostriatum , pp. 291-313
    • Öberg, R.G.E.1    Divac, I.2
  • 20
    • 0017274249 scopus 로고
    • Behavioural alterations in patients with basal ganglia lesions
    • Yahr MD, ed., New York: Raven Press
    • Bowen FP. Behavioural alterations in patients with basal ganglia lesions. In: Yahr MD, ed. The basal ganglia. New York: Raven Press, 1976:169-77.
    • (1976) The basal ganglia , pp. 169-177
    • Bowen, F.P.1
  • 21
    • 0017277065 scopus 로고
    • Complex functions of basal ganglia
    • Yahr MD, ed., New York: Raven Press
    • Teuber H-L. Complex functions of basal ganglia. In: Yahr MD, ed. The basal ganglia. New York: Raven Press, 1976:151-68.
    • (1976) The basal ganglia , pp. 151-168
    • Teuber, H.-L.1
  • 22
    • 0015062330 scopus 로고
    • Activity of pallidal neurones during movements
    • DeLong MR. Activity of pallidal neurones during movements. J Neurophysiol 1971;34:414-27.
    • (1971) J Neurophysiol , vol.34 , pp. 414-427
    • DeLong, M.R.1
  • 23
    • 8944257888 scopus 로고
    • Physiology of the basal ganglia-a brief review
    • Huntington’s disease. New York: Raven Press
    • DeLong MR, Georgopoulos AP. Physiology of the basal ganglia-a brief review. Advances in neurology, vol 23: Huntington’s disease. New York: Raven Press, 1979:137-53.
    • (1979) Advances in neurology , vol.23 , pp. 137-153
    • DeLong, M.R.1    Georgopoulos, A.P.2
  • 24
    • 0018910437 scopus 로고
    • The monkey globus pallidus: Neuronal discharge properties in relation to movement
    • Iansek R, Porter R. The monkey globus pallidus: neuronal discharge properties in relation to movement. J Physiol (Lond) 1980;301:439-55.
    • (1980) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.301 , pp. 439-455
    • Iansek, R.1    Porter, R.2
  • 26
    • 84912336871 scopus 로고
    • Note sur la contraction du muscle quadriceps dans l’acte de donner un coup de pied
    • Richer P. Note sur la contraction du muscle quadriceps dans l’acte de donner un coup de pied. C R Soc Biol (Paris) 1895;47:204-5.
    • (1895) C R Soc Biol (Paris) , vol.47 , pp. 204-205
    • Richer, P.1
  • 27
    • 0000891807 scopus 로고
    • Beiträge zur Physiologie der willkürlichen Bewegung. 10. Einzelbewegungen
    • Wachholder K, Alternburger H. Beiträge zur Physiologie der willkürlichen Bewegung. 10. Einzelbewegungen. Pflügers Arch 1926;214:642-61.
    • (1926) Pflügers Arch , vol.214 , pp. 642-661
    • Wachholder, K.1    Alternburger, H.2
  • 28
    • 0018651779 scopus 로고
    • Ballistic flexion movements of the human thumb
    • Hallett M, Marsden CD. Ballistic flexion movements of the human thumb. J Physiol (Lond) 1979;294:33-50.
    • (1979) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.294 , pp. 33-50
    • Hallett, M.1    Marsden, C.D.2
  • 33
    • 33744936303 scopus 로고
    • Control of intruded limb movements by the lateral and intermediate cerebellum
    • Asanuma H, Wilson VJ, eds., Tokyo: Igaku-Shoin
    • Brooks VB. Control of intruded limb movements by the lateral and intermediate cerebellum. In: Asanuma H, Wilson VJ, eds. Integration in the nervous system. Tokyo: Igaku-Shoin, 1979:321-56.
    • (1979) Integration in the nervous system , pp. 321-356
    • Brooks, V.B.1
  • 34
    • 0016277833 scopus 로고
    • Cerebrocerebellar communication systems
    • Allen GI, Tsukahara N. Cerebrocerebellar communication systems. Physiol Rev 1974;54:957-1006.
    • (1974) Physiol Rev , vol.54 , pp. 957-1006
    • Allen, G.I.1    Tsukahara, N.2
  • 35
    • 0010646565 scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar function in the control of movement
    • Rose FC, ed., Oxford: Blackwells
    • Eccles J. Cerebellar function in the control of movement. In: Rose FC, ed. Physiological aspects of clinical neurology. Oxford: Blackwells, 1977:157-78.
    • (1977) Physiological aspects of clinical neurology , pp. 157-178
    • Eccles, J.1
  • 36
    • 0003079932 scopus 로고
    • Motor programs revisited
    • Talbott RE, Humphrey DR, eds., New York: Raven Press
    • Brooks VB. Motor programs revisited. In: Talbott RE, Humphrey DR, eds. Posture and movement. New York: Raven Press, 1979:13-49.
    • (1979) Posture and movement , pp. 13-49
    • Brooks, V.B.1
  • 37
    • 0001653720 scopus 로고
    • Movement control in skilled motor performance
    • Keele SW. Movement control in skilled motor performance. Psychol Bull 1968;70:387-403.
    • (1968) Psychol Bull , vol.70 , pp. 387-403
    • Keele, S.W.1
  • 40
    • 0017394151 scopus 로고
    • Emergence and the mind
    • Bunge M. Emergence and the mind. Neuroscience 1977;2:501-9.
    • (1977) Neuroscience , vol.2 , pp. 501-509
    • Bunge, M.1
  • 41
    • 33751316170 scopus 로고
    • Hirnpotentialänderungen bei Willkürbewegungen und passiven Bewegungen des Menschen: Bereitschaftspotential und reafferente Potentiale
    • Kornhuber HH, Deecke L. Hirnpotentialänderungen bei Willkürbewegungen und passiven Bewegungen des Menschen: Bereitschaftspotential und reafferente Potentiale. Pflügers Arch 1965;284:1-17.
    • (1965) Pflügers Arch , vol.284 , pp. 1-17
    • Kornhuber, H.H.1    Deecke, L.2
  • 42
    • 0017189442 scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory activity of motor cortex neurons in relation to direction of an intended movement
    • Tanji J, Evarts EV. Anticipatory activity of motor cortex neurons in relation to direction of an intended movement. J Neurophysiol 1976;39:1062-8.
    • (1976) J Neurophysiol , vol.39 , pp. 1062-1068
    • Tanji, J.1    Evarts, E.V.2
  • 43
    • 0017846912 scopus 로고
    • Clinical studies of movement-related cortical potential (MP) and the relationship between the dentatorubothalamic pathway and readiness potential (RP)
    • Shibasaki H, Shima F, Kuroiwa Y. Clinical studies of movement-related cortical potential (MP) and the relationship between the dentatorubothalamic pathway and readiness potential (RP). J Neurol 1978;219:15-25.
    • (1978) J Neurol , vol.219 , pp. 15-25
    • Shibasaki, H.1    Shima, F.2    Kuroiwa, Y.3
  • 44
    • 0019825609 scopus 로고
    • Reaction time in Parkinson’s disease
    • Evarts EV, Teräväinen H, Calne DB. Reaction time in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 1981;104:167-86.
    • (1981) Brain , vol.104 , pp. 167-186
    • Evarts, E.V.1    Teräväinen, H.2    Calne, D.B.3
  • 46
    • 0012136260 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral and central mechanisms of reciprocal inhibition in the human forearm
    • Day BL, Marsden CD, Obeso JA, Rothwell JC. Peripheral and central mechanisms of reciprocal inhibition in the human forearm. J Physiol (Lond) 1981;317:59-60.
    • (1981) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.317 , pp. 59-60
    • Day, B.L.1    Marsden, C.D.2    Obeso, J.A.3    Rothwell, J.C.4
  • 47
    • 0015041739 scopus 로고
    • Motor functions of cerebellum and basal ganglia: The cerebello-cortical saccadic (ballistic) clock, the cerebellonuclear hold regulator, and the basal ganglia ramp (voluntary speed smooth movement) generator
    • Kornhuber HH. Motor functions of cerebellum and basal ganglia: the cerebello-cortical saccadic (ballistic) clock, the cerebellonuclear hold regulator, and the basal ganglia ramp (voluntary speed smooth movement) generator. Kybernetic 1971;8:157-62.
    • (1971) Kybernetic , vol.8 , pp. 157-162
    • Kornhuber, H.H.1
  • 48
    • 84883838696 scopus 로고
    • The H reflex in normal, spastic and rigid subjects
    • Angel RW, Hofmann WW. The H reflex in normal, spastic and rigid subjects. Arch Neurol 1963;8:591-6.
    • (1963) Arch Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 591-596
    • Angel, R.W.1    Hofmann, W.W.2
  • 49
    • 0015464660 scopus 로고
    • The response to muscle stretch and shortening in Parkinsonian rigidity
    • Andrews CJ, Burke D, Lancet JW. The response to muscle stretch and shortening in Parkinsonian rigidity. Brain 1972;95:795-812.
    • (1972) Brain , vol.95 , pp. 795-812
    • Andrews, C.J.1    Burke, D.2    Lancet, J.W.3
  • 50
    • 0015882241 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic spindle reflexes and the rigidity of Parkinsonism
    • McLellan DL. Dynamic spindle reflexes and the rigidity of Parkinsonism. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1973;36:342-5.
    • (1973) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.36 , pp. 342-345
    • McLellan, D.L.1
  • 51
    • 0013913341 scopus 로고
    • Silent period in patients with parkinsonian rigidity
    • Angel RW, Hofmann WW, Eppler W. Silent period in patients with parkinsonian rigidity. Neurology (Minneap) 1966;16:529-32.
    • (1966) Neurology (Minneap) , vol.16 , pp. 529-532
    • Angel, R.W.1    Hofmann, W.W.2    Eppler, W.3
  • 52
    • 0017895898 scopus 로고
    • Unloading and shortening reactions in Parkinson’s disease
    • Angel RW, Lewitt PA. Unloading and shortening reactions in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1978;41:919-23.
    • (1978) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.41 , pp. 919-923
    • Angel, R.W.1    Lewitt, P.A.2
  • 57
    • 0015518514 scopus 로고
    • Servo-action in human voluntary movement
    • Marsden CD, Merton PA, Morton HB. Servo-action in human voluntary movement. Nature 1972;238:140-3.
    • (1972) Nature , vol.238 , pp. 140-143
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Merton, P.A.2    Morton, H.B.3
  • 59
    • 0017100934 scopus 로고
    • Stretch reflex and servo-action in a variety of human muscles
    • Marsden CD, Merton PA, Morton HB. Stretch reflex and servo-action in a variety of human muscles. J Physiol (Lond) 1976;259:531-60.
    • (1976) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.259 , pp. 531-560
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Merton, P.A.2    Morton, H.B.3
  • 60
    • 0015916537 scopus 로고
    • Is the human stretch reflex cortical rather than spinal?
    • Marsden CD, Merton PA, Morton HB. Is the human stretch reflex cortical rather than spinal? Lancet 1973;1:759-61.
    • (1973) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 759-761
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Merton, P.A.2    Morton, H.B.3
  • 62
    • 0014685075 scopus 로고
    • Motor apparatus of the baboon’s hand
    • Phillips CG. Motor apparatus of the baboon’s hand. Proc Soc Biol 1969;173:141-74.
    • (1969) Proc Soc Biol , vol.173 , pp. 141-174
    • Phillips, C.G.1
  • 63
    • 0017842374 scopus 로고
    • Spinal mechanisms of the functional stretch reflex
    • Ghez S, Shinoda Y. Spinal mechanisms of the functional stretch reflex. Exp Brain Res 1978;32:55-68.
    • (1978) Exp Brain Res , vol.32 , pp. 55-68
    • Ghez, S.1    Shinoda, Y.2
  • 64
    • 0019390519 scopus 로고
    • Grouped spindle and electromyographic responses to abrupt wrist extension movements in man
    • Hagbarth K-E, Hägghind JV, Wallin EV, Young RR. Grouped spindle and electromyographic responses to abrupt wrist extension movements in man. J Physiol (Lond) 1981;312:81-96.
    • (1981) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.312 , pp. 81-96
    • Hagbarth, K.-E.1    Hägghind, J.V.2    Wallin, E.V.3    Young, R.R.4
  • 66
    • 0016826024 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for abnormal long-loop reflexes in rigid Parkinsonian patients
    • Tatton WG, Lee RG. Evidence for abnormal long-loop reflexes in rigid Parkinsonian patients. Brain Res 1975;100:671-6.
    • (1975) Brain Res , vol.100 , pp. 671-676
    • Tatton, W.G.1    Lee, R.G.2
  • 67
    • 0018407520 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a quantitative association between EMG stretch responses and Parkinsonian rigidity
    • Mortimer JA, Webster DD. Evidence for a quantitative association between EMG stretch responses and Parkinsonian rigidity. Brain Res 1979;162:169-73.
    • (1979) Brain Res , vol.162 , pp. 169-173
    • Mortimer, J.A.1    Webster, D.D.2
  • 68
    • 0018421670 scopus 로고
    • Tibialis anterior response to sudden ankle displacements in normal and Parkinsonian subjects
    • Chan CWY, Kearney RE, Melvill Jones G. Tibialis anterior response to sudden ankle displacements in normal and Parkinsonian subjects. Brain Res 1979;173:303-14.
    • (1979) Brain Res , vol.173 , pp. 303-314
    • Chan, C.W.Y.1    Kearney, R.E.2    Melvill Jones, G.3
  • 73
    • 0018942441 scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory postural reflexes in Parkinson’s disease and other akinetic-rigid syndromes and in cerebellar ataxia
    • Traub MM, Fbthwell JC, Marsden CD. Anticipatory postural reflexes in Parkinson’s disease and other akinetic-rigid syndromes and in cerebellar ataxia. Brain 1980;103:393-412.
    • (1980) Brain , vol.103 , pp. 393-412
    • Traub, M.M.1    Fbthwell, J.C.2    Marsden, C.D.3
  • 74
    • 0016500224 scopus 로고
    • Ballistic and corrective movements on an aiming task: Intention tremor and parkinsonian movement disorders compared
    • Flowers K. Ballistic and corrective movements on an aiming task: intention tremor and parkinsonian movement disorders compared. Neurology (Minneap) 1975;25:413-21.
    • (1975) Neurology (Minneap) , vol.25 , pp. 413-421
    • Flowers, K.1
  • 75
    • 0017067209 scopus 로고
    • Visual “closed-loop” and “open-loop” characteristics of voluntary movement in patients with par-kinsonism and intention tremor
    • Flowers KA. Visual “closed-loop” and “open-loop” characteristics of voluntary movement in patients with par-kinsonism and intention tremor. Brain 1976;99:269-310.
    • (1976) Brain , vol.99 , pp. 269-310
    • Flowers, K.A.1
  • 76
    • 0017570765 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of stereotyped voluntary movements at the elbow in patients with Parkinson’s disease
    • Hallett M, Shahani BT, Young RR. Analysis of stereotyped voluntary movements at the elbow in patients with Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1977;40:1129-35.
    • (1977) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.40 , pp. 1129-1135
    • Hallett, M.1    Shahani, B.T.2    Young, R.R.3
  • 77
    • 0018958935 scopus 로고
    • A physiological mechanism of bra-dykinesia
    • Hallett M, Khoshbin S. A physiological mechanism of bra-dykinesia. Brain 1980;103:301-4.
    • (1980) Brain , vol.103 , pp. 301-304
    • Hallett, M.1    Khoshbin, S.2
  • 78
    • 78651017130 scopus 로고
    • Theory of the human operator in control systems: I. the operator as an engineering system
    • Craik KJW. Theory of the human operator in control systems: I. the operator as an engineering system. Br J Psychol 1947;38:56-61.
    • (1947) Br J Psychol , vol.38 , pp. 56-61
    • Craik, K.J.W.1
  • 79
    • 78651008143 scopus 로고
    • Theory of the human operator in control systems: II. man as an element in a control system
    • Craik KJW. Theory of the human operator in control systems: II. man as an element in a control system. Br J Psychol 1948;38:142-8.
    • (1948) Br J Psychol , vol.38 , pp. 142-148
    • Craik, K.J.W.1
  • 80
    • 0003046213 scopus 로고
    • Some effects of basal ganglia lesions in subhuman primates and man
    • Teuber H-L, Proctor F. Some effects of basal ganglia lesions in subhuman primates and man. Neuropsychologia 1964;2:85-93.
    • (1964) Neuropsychologia , vol.2 , pp. 85-93
    • Teuber, H.-L.1    Proctor, F.2
  • 85
    • 0014703455 scopus 로고
    • Control of movement in Parkinson’s disease
    • Angel RW, Alston W, Higgins JR. Control of movement in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 1970;93:1-14.
    • (1970) Brain , vol.93 , pp. 1-14
    • Angel, R.W.1    Alston, W.2    Higgins, J.R.3
  • 86
    • 0017059585 scopus 로고
    • Efference copy in the control of movement
    • Angel RW. Efference copy in the control of movement. Neurology (Minneap) 1976;26:1164-8.
    • (1976) Neurology (Minneap) , vol.26 , pp. 1164-1168
    • Angel, R.W.1
  • 87
    • 0016138085 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous firing pattern of forebrain neurons: I. the effects of dopamine and non-dopamine depleting lesions on caudate unit firing patterns
    • Hull CD, Levine MS, Buchwald NA, Heller A, Browning RA. Spontaneous firing pattern of forebrain neurons: I. the effects of dopamine and non-dopamine depleting lesions on caudate unit firing patterns. Brain Res 1974;73:241-62.
    • (1974) Brain Res , vol.73 , pp. 241-262
    • Hull, C.D.1    Levine, M.S.2    Buchwald, N.A.3    Heller, A.4    Browning, R.A.5
  • 88
    • 0018651953 scopus 로고
    • Effects of interruption of the nigrostriatal pathway and of dopaminergic agents on the spontaneous activity of globus pallidus neurons in the awake monkey
    • Filion M. Effects of interruption of the nigrostriatal pathway and of dopaminergic agents on the spontaneous activity of globus pallidus neurons in the awake monkey. Brain Res 1979;178:425-41.
    • (1979) Brain Res , vol.178 , pp. 425-441
    • Filion, M.1
  • 89
    • 0018910443 scopus 로고
    • The effects of reserpine on motor activity and pallidal discharge in monkeys: Implications for the genesis of akinesia
    • Iansek R. The effects of reserpine on motor activity and pallidal discharge in monkeys: implications for the genesis of akinesia. J Physiol (Lond) 1980;301:457-66.
    • (1980) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.301 , pp. 457-466
    • Iansek, R.1
  • 91
    • 77049176184 scopus 로고
    • Control of two simultaneous voluntary motor acts in normals and parkinsonism
    • Schwab RS, Chafetz ME, Walker S. Control of two simultaneous voluntary motor acts in normals and parkinsonism. Arch Neurol 1954;72:591-8.
    • (1954) Arch Neurol , vol.72 , pp. 591-598
    • Schwab, R.S.1    Chafetz, M.E.2    Walker, S.3
  • 92
    • 0002329644 scopus 로고
    • Performance with multiple sets in Parkinson’s disease
    • Schwab RS, Talland GA. Performance with multiple sets in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychologia 1964;2:45-53.
    • (1964) Neuropsychologia , vol.2 , pp. 45-53
    • Schwab, R.S.1    Talland, G.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.