The Practical Salinity Scale 1978 and Its Antecedents

IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 1980, Pages 3-8

  Lewis, Edward Lyn ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF OCEAN SCIENCES   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

OCEANOGRAPHY - SALINITY MEASUREMENTS;

PRACTICAL SALINITY SCALE;

OCEAN ENGINEERING;

EID: 0018923421     PISSN: 03649059     EISSN: 15581691     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JOE.1980.1145448     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. W. Dittmar, “Report on researches into the composition of ocean water collected by H. M. S. Challenger,” Chall. Rep. Phys. Chem, vol. 1, pp. 1–251, 1884.
2. Roland A. Cox, “The salinity problem,” in Progress in Oceanography, vol. 1, M. Sears, Ed. New York: Macmillan, 1970, pp. 383, 243-261.
3. C. Forsch, M. Knudsen, and S. P. Srensen, “Reports on the determination of the constants for compilation of hydrographic tables,” Kgl. Dan. Vidensk, Selsk, Skifter, 6 Raekke Naturvidensk. Mat, Copenhagen, vol. 12(1), pp. 1–151, 1902.
4. J. P. Jacobsen and Martin Knudsen, “Urnormal 1937 or primary standard seawater 1937,” U.G.G.I., Assoc, Oceanogr. Phys., Publ. Sci., vol. 7, p. 38, 1940.
5. A. P. Tsurikova and V. L. Tsurikov, “On the concept of salinity,” Oceanology, vol. 11, pp. 282–276, 1971.
6. F. J. Millero and K. Kremling, “The densities of Baltic sea waters, Deep Sea Res., vol. 23, pp. 1129-1138, 1976.
7. F. Wenner, E. H. Smith, and F. M. Soule, “Apparatus for the determination aboard ship of the Salinity of sea water by the electrical conductivity method,” U.S. Bur. Stand. J. Res., Washington, DC, 5, pp 711–732, 1930.
8. N. L. Brown and B. V. Hamon, “An inductive salinometer,” Deep Sea Res., vol. 8 (1), pp. 65–75, 1961.
9. B. D. Thomas, T. G. Thompson, and C. L. Utterback, “The electrical conductivity of seawater,” J. Cons. Penna. Int. Explor. Mer, vol. 9, pp. 28–35, 1934.
10. UNESCO, “First and second reports of the Joint Panel on the Equation of State of Seawater,” Tech. Pap. Mar. Sci., vol. 24, Append. I and II, UNESCO, Paris, 1976.
11. R. A. Cox, F. Culkin, and J. P. Riley, “The electrical conductivity/ relationship in natural sea water,” Deep Sea Res., vol. 14, pp. 203–220, 1967.
12. R. A. Cox, M. J. McCartney, and F. Culldn, “The specific gravity/ salinity/temperature relationship in natural sea water,” Deep Sea Res., vol. 17, pp. 679–689, 1970.
13. UNESCO, “Table 1” in International Oceanographic Tables, National Institute of Oceanography of Great Britain and UNESCO, Paris, 1966.
14. W. S. Wooster, A. J. Lee, and G. Dietrich, “Redefinition of salinity,” Deep Sea Res., vol. 16, pp. 321–322, 1969.
15. N. L. Brown and B. Allentoft, “Salinity, conductivity, and temperature relation of sea water over the range 0 to 50°/ 00,” Final Rep. Contract N0nr4290(00) M.J.O., no. 2003, Bissett-Berman, U.S. Office of Naval Res., Washington, DC, 1966.
16. E. R. Walker and K. D. Chapman, “Salinity-conductivity formulae compared,” Pac. Mar. Sci. Rep. 73–4, 52 pp., Can. Dep. of Environ., Mar, Sci. Dir., Pac. Reg., Victoria, B.C., 1973.
17. E. R. Walker, “Salinity in physical oceanography,” Pac, Mar. Sci. Rep., 76–21, Environ, Can. Fish. and Mar. Serv. Pac. Reg., Victoria, B.C., 1976.
18. R. G. Perkin and E. R. Walker, “Salinity calculations from in situ measurements,” J. Geophys. Res., vol. 77(33), pp. 6618–6621, 1972.
19. E. L. Lewis and R. G. Perkin, “Salinity: Its definition and calculation,” J. Geophys. Res., vol. 83, no. Cl, pp. 466–478, 1978.
20. R. J. Farland, “Salinity intercomparison report, the oceanographic subprogramme for the GARP stlantic tropical experiment (GATE),“ Nat. Oceanogr, Instrum. Center, Washington, DC, Nov. 1975.
21. F. J. Millero, “Thermodynamics of seawater,” The Oceans Handbook, R. A. Home, Ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1979 Cha. 4, (in press).
22. A. Bradshaw and K. E. Schleicher, “The effect of pressure on the electrical conductance of sea water,” Deep Sea Res., vol. 12, pp. 151–162, 1965.
23. N. L. Brown, “A precision CTD microprofiler,” Ocean ‘74, vol. II, pp. 270–278, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, New York, 1974.
24. A. Bradshaw and K. E. Schleicher, this issue, pp. 50–62.
25. T. M. Dauphinee, J. Ancsin, P. Klein, and J. Phillips, “The electrical conductivity of weight diluted and concentrated standard seawater as a function of salinity and temperature,” this issue, pp. 28–41.
26. T. M. Dauphinee and H. P. Klein, “The effect of temperature on the electrical conductivity of sea water,” Deep Sea Res., vol. 24, pp. 891–902, 1977.
27. A. Poisson, “Conductivity/salinity/temperature relationship of diluted and concentrated standard seawater,” this issue, pp. 41–50.
28. Comite International des Poids et Mesures, “The international practical temperature scale of 1968,” Metrologia, vol. 5(2), pp. 35–44, 1969.
29. T. M. Dauphinee, J. Ancsin, H. P. Klein, and M. J. Phillips, “The effect of concentration and temperature on the conductivity ratio of potassium chloride solutions to standard seawater of salinity 35%, (Cl. 19.3740) at 15°C and 24°C, this issue, pp. 17–21.
30. F. Culkin and N. D. Smith, “Determination of the concentration of potassium chloride solution having the same electrical'conductivity at 15°C and infinite frequency, as standard seawater of salinity 35.000% °, (chlorinity 19.37394%),” issue, pp. 22–23.
31. A. Poisson, “The concentration of the KCI solution whose conductivity is that of standard seawater (35%) at 15°C,” this issue, pp. 24–28.