Microprogramming: A Tutorial and Survey of Recent Developments

IEEE Transactions on Computers

Volumn C-29, Issue 1, 1980, Pages 2-20

  Rauscher, Tomlinson G ^a   Adams, Phillip M ^b  

^a XEROX CORPORATION   (United States)

^b Phoenix ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Bit slice microprocessors; dynamic micro programming; microprogrammability; microprogramming applications

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE;

EID: 0018915165     PISSN: 00189340     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TC.1980.1675451     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. P. M. Adams, “Microprogrammable microprocessor survey,” SIGMICRO MICRO Newslett., Vol. 9, pp. 23–49, Mar. 1978 and Number 2 pp. 7–38, June 1978.
2. A. K. Agrawala and T. G. Rauscher, Foundations of Micro-programming—Architecture, Software, and Applications. New York: Academic Press, 1976.
3. “Microprogramming: Perspective and status,” IEEE Trans. Comput., Vol. C-23, pp. 817–837, Aug. 1974.
4. G. T. Almes et al., “Emulating the nova on the PDP 11/40: A case study,” in Fall Compcon 75 Dig. Papers, Sept. 1975, pp. 53–56.
5. AM2900 Bipolar Microprocessor Family, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, 1976.
6. M. Andrews, “A bit slice architecture for microprogrammable machines,” SIGMICRO Newslett., Vol. 7, pp. 5–8, Sept. 1976.
7. T. Baba, “A microprogram generating system-MPG,” in Proc. IFIP Congr. 77, pp. 739–744.
8. J. D. Bagley, “Microprogrammable virtual machines,” Computer, Vol. 9, pp. 38–42, Feb. 1976.
9. T. Balph and B. Blood, “Get the best processor performance by building it from ECL bit slices,” Electron. Des., pp. 84–92, June 7, 1977.
10. R. A. Belgard, “A generalized virtual memory package for B1700 interpreter writers,” SIGMICRO Newslett., Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 31–45, Dec. 1976.
11. G. E. Brown et al., “Operating system enhancement through micro-programming,” SIGMICRO Newslett., Vol. 7, pp. 28-33, Mar. 1976.
12. “Operating system enhancement through firmware,” SIGMICRO MICRO Newslett., Vol. 8, pp. 119–133, Sept. 1977.
13. R. Chattergy, “Microprogrammed implementation of a scheduler,”SIGMICRO Newslett., Vol. 7, pp. 15–19, Sept. 1976.
14. J. Clymer, “Use 4-bit slices to design powerful microprogrammed processors,” Electron. Des., Vol. 25, pp. 62–71, May 10, 1977.
15. S. Davidson, “A network of dynamically microprogrammable machines,” SIGMICRO Newslett., Vol. 6, pp. 27–31, Dec. 1975.
16. J. C. Demco and T. A. Marsland, “An insight into PDP-11 emulation,” SIGMICRO Newslett., Vol. 7, pp. 20–26, Sept. 1976.
17. W. M. Denny, “The Burroughs B1800 microprogrammed measurement system: A hybrid hardware/software approach,” SIGMICRO Newslett., Vol. 8, pp. 66–70, Sept. 1977.
18. G. DesRochers, “Microprogramming helps squeeze more from your equipment dollar,” EDN, pp. 102–105, Sept. 20, 1976.
19. D. J. DeWitt, “Extensibility-A new approach for designing maciline independent microprogramming languages,” SIGMICRO Newslett, lett., Vol. 7, pp. 33–41, Sept. 1976.
20. B. L. Ehlers et al., “Reflective emulations of the HP2100A and Varian 72 minicomputers,” SIGMICRO Newslett., Vol. 7, pp. 26–42, June 1976.
21. K. A. El-Ayat and J. A. Howard, “Algorithms for a self-tuning microprogrammed programmed computer,” SIGMICRO Newslett., Vol. 8, pp. 85–91, Sept. 1977.
22. P. Fagg et al., “IBM System/360 engineering,” in 1964 Fall Joint Comput. Conf. Proc., AFIPS Press, Montvale, NJ, pp. 205–231.
23. C. W. Flink II, “EASY-An operating system for the QM-1,” SIGMICRO MICRO Newslett., Vol. 8, pp. 7–14, Sept. 1977.
24. G. Frieder, “The FORTRAN project-A multifaceted approach to software-firmware high level language support,” SIGMICRO Newslett., lett., Vol. 7, pp. 47–50, Sept. 1976.
25. F. K. Fung and W. K. King, “The implementation of a user exten-sible system on a dynamically microprogrammable computer,” SIGMICRO MICRO Newslett., Vol. 8, pp. 33–36, Sept. 1977.
26. C. Ghest, “5701/6701 4-bit expandable bipolar microcontroller,” Monolithic Memories Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, 1976.
27. J. Goldberg et al., “The PRIM system: An alternative architecture for emulator development and use,” SIGMICRO Newslett., Vol. 8, pp. 1–6, Sept. 1977.
28. M. L. Griss and M. R. Swanson, “MBALM/1700: A microprogrammed programmed LISP machine for the B1726,” SIGMICRO Newslett, Vol. 8, pp. 15–25, Sept. 1977.
29. F. d’Hautcourt-Carette, “A microprogrammed virtual memory for eclipse,” SIGMICRO Newslett., Vol. 8, pp. 10–20, June 1977.
30. R. L. Horton, J. Englade, and G. McGee, “I2L takes bipolar integration a significant step forward,” Electronics, 83–90, Jan. 23, 1975.
31. S. S. Husson, Microprogramming Principles and Practices. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970.
32. Microprogramming the Series 3000, INTEL Corp., Santa Clara, CA, 1976.
33. Series 3000 Reference Manual, INTEL Corp., Santa Clara, CA, 1976.
34. L. H. Jones, “Microprogramming bibliography: 1951-Early 1975,” SIGMICRO Special Issue, Mar. 1976.
35. L. H. Jones, “An annotated bibliography of microprogramming: Late 1975-Mid 1976,” SIGMICRO Newslett., Vol. 7, pp. 95–122, Dec. 1976.
36. K. Kannan, “A microprogrammed keyword transformation unit for a database computer,” SIGMICRO Newslett., Vol. 8, pp. 71–79, Sept. 1977.
37. P. M. Kogge, “The microprogramming of pipelined processors,” in Proc. 4th Annu. Symp. Computer Architecture, Mar. 1977, pp. 63–69.
38. C. J. Lane and M. R. Ito, “MPL-85: A high-level microprogramming language compiler,” in Fall Compcon 75 Dig. Papers, pp. 49–52.
39. S. Y. Lau, “Bit-slice microprogramming saves software compati-bility,” EDN, Vol. 23, Mar. 5, 1978, pp. 42–46, and pp. 68–74, Mar. 20, 1978.
40. S. Y. Lau, “Emulate your MOS microprocessor with bipolar bit slices,” Electron. Des., Vol. 26, 74–81
41. E. D. Lundell, Jr., “Reloadable control store marks two models added to IBM 370 system line,” Computerworld, Vol. X, pp. 1, 5, July 5, 1976.
42. E. G. Mallach, “Emulator architecture,” Computer, Vol. 8, pp. 24–32, Aug. 1975.
43. J. R. Mick and J. Brick, Microprogramming Handbook, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, 1976.
44. “A MECL high-performance 4-bit slice processor family,” Motorola Semiconductor Products, Phoenix, AZ, 1976.
45. “High performance MECL LSI processor family,” Motorola Semiconductor Products, Phoenix, AZ, 1976.
46. J. Nemec and S. Y. Lau, “Bipolar microprocessors: An introduction to architecture and applications,” EDN, Vol. 22, pp. 63–67, Sept. 20, 1977, and pp. 79–81, Oct. 5, 1977.
47. A. Opler, “Fourth-generation software,” Datamation, Vol. 13, pp. 22–24, Jan. 1967.
48. N. N. Patel, “Use microprogram control,” Electron. Des, No. 14, July 5, 1977, pp. 74–77.
49. D. A. Patterson, “Strum: Structured microprogram development system for correct firmware,” IEEE Trans. Comput., Vol. C-25, pp. 974–985, Oct. 1976.
50. R. R. Ramseyer and A. van Dam, “A multimicroprocessor implementation of a general purpose pipelined CPU,” in Proc. 4th Annu. Symp. Computer Architecture, Mar. 1977, pp. 29–34.
51. J. Rattner, J.-C. Cornet, and M. E. Hoff, Jr, “Bipolar LSI computing elements usher in new era of digital design,” Electronics, Sept. 5, 1974, pp. 89–96.
52. J. Rattner, “Building block microprocessors,” in Spring CompCon 75 Digest of Papers, pp. 79–82.
53. T. G. Rauscher and A. K. Agrawala, “Developing application oriented computer architectures on general purpose microprogrammable programmable machines,” in 1976 Nat. Comput. Conf. Proc, AFIPS Press, Montvale, NJ, pp. 715–722.
54. “Dynamic problem oriented redefinition of computer architecture via microprogramming,” IEEE Trans. Comput., Vol. C-27 pp. 1006–1014, Nov. 1978.
55. G. Reyling, Jr., “Extend LSI-Processor capabilities with micro-programming,” Electron. Des, Vol. 22, pp. 90–95, Oct. 25, 1974.
56. R. F. Rosin, “Contemporary concepts of microprogramming and emulation,” Comput. Surveys, Vol. 1, 197–212, Dec. 1969.
57. R. F. Rosin et al., “An environment for research in micro-programming programmingand emulation,” Commun., ACM, vol. 15, Aug. 1972, pp. 748–760.
58. R. F. Rosin, “The significance of microprogramming,” SIGMICRO Newslett, Vol. 4, pp. 24–39, Jan. 1974.
59. SIGNETICS 8080 Emulator Manual, SIGNETICS a subsidiary of U.S. Philips Corp., Sunnyvale, CA, 1977.
60. G. H. Sockut, “Firmware/hardware support for operating systems: principles and selected history,” SIGMICRO Newslett, vol. 6, pp. 17–26, Dec. 1975.
61. J. E. Stockenberg, “Optimization through migration of functions in a layered firmware-software system,” Ph.D. dissertation, Brown University, June 1977.
62. T. F. Storey, “Design of a microprogram control for a processor in an electronic switching system,” Bell Syst. Tech. J, Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 183–232, Feb. 1976.
63. P. Tallman et al, “Virtual machine assist feature architecture description,” [63] IBM Poughkeepsie Lab, Tech. Rep. 00.2506, Jan. 1974.
64. T. Tang and K. O’Flaherty, “Virtual machines and the NCR criterion,” Datamation, Vol. 24, No. 4, 129–134, Apr. 1978.
65. E. A. Torrero, “Bipolar bit-slice microprocessors shrink the size and cost of minis and controllers,” Electron. Des, Vol. 24, pp. 34–40, May 10, 1976. • controllers,”
66. Bipolar Microcomputer Components Data Bookfor Design Engineers, Texas Instruments
67. C. Vickery, “A microprogramming design Laboratory,” SIGMICRO Newslett., Vol. 7, pp. 34–48, Mar. 1976.
68. A. J. Weissberger, “User microprogram development for an LSI processor,” EDN, pp. 39–44, Dec. 20, 1974.
69. T. C. Wesselkamper, “Some classical mathematical results related to the problems of the firmware/hardware interface,” SIGMICRO Newslett., Vol. 6, No. 4, 1975, pp. 32–38, Dec. 1975.
70. M. V. Wilkes, “The best way to design an automatic calculating machine,” Report of the Manchester University Computer Inaugural Conference, Electrical Engineering Department of Manchester University, Manchester, England, July 1951, pp. 16–18, reprinted in Earl E. Swartzlander, Jr, ed, Computer Design Development-Principal Principal Papers, Hayden Book Co, Rochelle Park, NJ, 1976, pp. 266–270.
71. “The growth of interest in microprogramming: A literature survey,” Comput. Surveys, vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 139–145, Sept. 1969.
72. W. T. Wilner, “Design of the Burroughs B1700,” in 1972 Proc. Fall Joint Comput. Conf., AFIPS, Vol. 41, 1972
73. D. C. Wyland, “Design your own microcomputer by using bipolar/LSI slices,” Electron. Des., No. 20, pp. 72–78, Sept 27, 1975.