메뉴 건너뛰기
Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien
Volumn 23, Issue 1, 1979, Pages 32-44
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL OF MIGRATION TO MOSCOW, 1959‐75
Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]
Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS; DEMOGRAPHY; DEVELOPED COUNTRY; MIGRATION; MIGRATION POLICY; POLICY; POPULATION; POPULATION DYNAMICS; POPULATION POLICY; RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION; USSR;
EID: 0018655182     PISSN: 00083658     EISSN: 15410064     Source Type: Trade Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-0064.1979.tb00636.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)
References (58)
  • 1
    • 84981989600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The general plan for the development of Moscow to the period 1985‐90 presumes a total population of only 7.5 million (M.Ya. Vydro, Naselenie Moskvy [Moscow: Statistika, 1976], 15). The original 1931 policy postulated that Moscow's population, which was about 2.8 million at the time, would be allowed to advance to a limit of 5 million through natural increase alone (I.A. Grakina and T.A. Selinanova, Moskva v Tsifrakh [Moscow: Moskovskii Rabochii, 1939], 5).
  • 2
    • 84982027997 scopus 로고
    • The criticisms were presented at the All Union Conference on the Prospects of Soviet City Planning. Among the participants ‘there were almost no defenders of the restrictive regulation of cities.’
    • (1971) Current Digest of the Soviet Press (hereafter CDSP) , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 4
  • 3
    • 84982019338 scopus 로고
    • ‘Methodological Questions of the Geographical Distribution of Productive Forces,’ Pianovoye Khozyaistvo, No. 12
    • (1969) , pp. 36-45
    • Mkrtchyan, M.1
  • 4
    • 84982019349 scopus 로고
    • Condensed and translated in, 31
    • (1970) CDSP , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 5-7
  • 6
    • 84982027995 scopus 로고
    • Calculated from data in Narodnoe Khozyaistvo SSSR
    • (1974) , pp. 7
  • 8
    • 84981997489 scopus 로고
    • Calculated from population and natural increase data in Narodnoe Khozyaistvo RSFSR, and 1971, 17
    • (1970) , pp. 18
  • 10
    • 84981995013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naselenie Moskvy
    • Vydro1
  • 11
    • 84981994265 scopus 로고
    • Narodnoe Khozyaistvo RSFSR, and Vydro, Naselenie Moskvy, 27
    • (1964) , pp. 21
  • 13
    • 84982001849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Itogi Vsesoyuznoi Perepisi Naseleniya 1970 goda
  • 14
    • 84981984385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 1970 Census data cannot be used to indicate the high intra‐oblast component of rural‐urban migration. However, they can be supplemented by intra‐oblast information from the Soviet urban migration register to suggest the localized rural‐urban pattern. The migration register and Census definitions of a migrant differ, but not enough to disallow general comparisons. For the rsfsr, the Census indicates that 79.8 per cent of the net urban migration in 1968‐69 resulted from net rural‐urban migration within economic regions (Itogi … 1970, Tom vII, 7–157). According to the migration register, intra‐oblast net rural‐urban migration amounted to 68.7 per cent of the rsfsr's net urban migration in 1969 (Vestnik Statistika [1970], No. 12,77).
  • 15
    • 84981984390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Itogi …1970, Tom vii, 24.
  • 16
    • 84981979250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Itogi … 1970, Tom I, 61; Tom vII, 163‐72. When migration to Moscow and Leningrad is excluded from the over 500,000 category, the rural in ‐migration rate for the remaining cities rises to 23.3 per thousand.
  • 17
    • 84982008627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculated from annual estimates of rural and urban population and total population rates of natural increase given in a large number of rsfsr and regional statistical handbooks. Because annual vital rates in the USSR are given only for the total population of each administrative area, it was necessary to assume that the annual rates of natural increase for the rural and urban (excluding Moscow) populations of Moscow oblast were the same. Moscow itself is a separate administrative area. Any error that results from differences in rural and urban levels of natural increase are inconsequential because of the relatively small proportion of the population which is rural and the generally low level of natural increase.
  • 18
    • 84981984382 scopus 로고
    • ‘The Spatial Components and Consequences of Contemporary Urban Population Growth in the Central European ussr’, unpublished Ph.D. thesis University of Toronto
    • (1975) , pp. 145-158
    • Houston, C.J.1
  • 19
    • 84981984381 scopus 로고
    • Narodnoe Khozyaistvo SSSR
    • (1974) , pp. 27
  • 20
    • 84982019382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Itogi … 1970, Tom I, 10.
  • 21
    • 84982044116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the 1959 and 1970 census counts indicates that the increase in the total national population during the intercensal period was greater than the recorded natural increase for the period by 628,000. After taking into account a possible net loss of about 25,000 emigrants between 1959 and 1970, the census ‘surplus’ would actually be in the order of 650,000. Under‐registration of natural increase during the 1959‐70 intercensal period led to the error. The error, however, is very small ‐1.9 per cent of the total 1959‐70 national population increment ‐ and in no respect sufficient to create anomalies of the size of Moscow's. In addition, the national error would have arisen primarily from vital registration problems in the more remote parts of the country.
  • 22
    • 84982018958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information provided by a former employee of the Warsaw Housing Department.
  • 23
    • 84982001025 scopus 로고
    • (1971) CDSP , vol.23 , Issue.23 , pp. 12
  • 24
    • 84981991372 scopus 로고
    • Zaboty bol'shikh goroda: Intervyu c Predsedatelem Ispolkoma Mossoveta, V.F. Promyslovym,” Literaturnaya Gazeta, No. 3 (17 yanvarya)
    • (1973) , pp. 10
  • 25
    • 84982009190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residual estimate based on published population counts and natural increase data provided in Vydro, Naselenie Moskvy, 27.
  • 26
    • 84982054827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The information that follows, although known to most citizens of Moscow and other Soviet urban centres, is not generally noted in published material. When it is referred to, it is in the most general terms. The discussion here will be as detailed as possible but no documentation of sources will be attempted.
  • 27
    • 84982045913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vypiska iz resheniya pravleniya kolkhoza and Soldatskaya Knizhechka.
  • 28
    • 84982009188 scopus 로고
    • About 4 percent of the Soviet Union's urban population lives in dormitory hostels
    • (1974) (CDSP , vol.26 , Issue.40 , pp. 9
  • 29
    • 84982018965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spravka c mesta raboty
  • 30
    • 84982045759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Order na zhilploshchad
  • 31
    • 84982044147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Militsia ‘Form No. 15.’.
  • 32
    • 84982019891 scopus 로고
    • The Problems of Cities
    • That point at least has been recognized by one Soviet commentator
    • (1967) CDSP , vol.19 , Issue.38 , pp. 4
    • Valentei, D.1
  • 33
    • 0017626748 scopus 로고
    • Commuting and Urbanization in the Socialist Countries of Europe
    • In the late 1960s there were about 500,000 to 600,000 daily commuters to Moscow; cited in
    • (1977) Assoc. Comparative Econ. Studies Bull , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 26
    • Fuchs1    Demko2
  • 34
    • 84982033424 scopus 로고
    • By 1970 the urban population of Moscow oblast (outside Moscow and in settlements of at least 15,000 people in 1970) had become spatially more concentrated toward the capital than it was in 1959. Twenty‐three per cent of the urban population resided in settlements within the green belt in 1959, but by 1970 the percentage had reached 27.4. There had also been a slight increase in the proportion within the next outer ring, 25 to 50 kilometres from Moscow city centre, but beyond 50 kilometres the proportion of Moscow oblast urbanites declined. Calculated from data in Itogi … 1970, Tom I, 26‐7, supplemented by 1959 population counts from numerous sources. See also G.M. Lappo's claim that ‘the green belt is no longer performing the function for which it was designed’ in ‘Trends in the Evaluation of Settlement Patterns in the Moscow Region,’ Soviet Geog.: Review and Translation
    • (1973) , pp. 20
  • 35
    • 84982045893 scopus 로고
    • Zelenograd was started beyond the green belt in 1960 as an administratively subordinate jurisdiction of Moscow and was expected to attain a total population in the range of 70,000 by 1980;, ‘Kriukovo: pervyi “gorod‐sputnik” Moskvy,’ Voprosy Geogrqfii, No. 51,. By 1975 its population had reached 117,000 Narodnoe Khozyaistvo SSSR, 1974, 27. Its rapid and greater than expected growth might be interpreted not only as relatively successful satellite development but as an additional factor pulling migrants to the Moscow area or as a forced response to continued in‐migration which authorities have been unable to contain
    • (1961) , pp. 53
    • Vilenburg, B.1    Loginov, S.2
  • 36
    • 84982019091 scopus 로고
    • The term skrytye gorozhane has been used often and may have been introduced by I.K. Orfanov, ‘O trudovykh svyazakh sel' skogo naseleniya s gorodami,’ Moskovskii Filial G.O. sssr, Materialy vtorogo mezhduvedomstvennogo soveshchaniya po geografii naseleniya, Vypusk 1, Moscow
    • (1968) , pp. 234
  • 37
    • 84982000975 scopus 로고
    • In 1971, Metropolitan Moscow's divorce rate was 5.4 per thousand residents. The national rate was 2.6. The Moscow rate was surpassed only by those of Novosibirsk (5.4), Leningrad (5.6), and Riga (6.5); Vestnik Statistiki, No. 6
    • (1973) , pp. 88-89
  • 38
    • 84965800654 scopus 로고
    • Soviet Town Planning: Theory and Practice in the 1970's
    • For a recent discussion of conflict between municipal government and industry in the ussr see, 177
    • (1977) Progr. Human Geog. , vol.1 , pp. 2-207
    • Bater1
  • 39
    • 84982019900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narodnoe Khozyaistvo RSFSR, 1969, 365, and 1975, 411. Soviet data on housing are presented in terms of total useful space, of which about two‐thirds represents living space. The published data have been adjusted by that factor.
  • 40
    • 84981984332 scopus 로고
    • Narodnoe Khozyaistvo RSFSR
    • (1975) , pp. 411-412
  • 41
    • 84981984333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2. Upper echelon bureaucrats, scientists, managers, and party members are also allowed as much and often more additional space. Given that Moscow is the seat of not only city and oblast but also Republican and All‐Union levels of government, planning, party, military, culture, and science, its population includes an inordinate proportion of residents in special housing categories. Were it possible to control for the effects of this situation, the results might indicate that the amount of housing available to the ordinary worker is no greater in Moscow than in other cities.
  • 43
    • 84982008659 scopus 로고
    • ‘O tekhniko‐ekonomic heskikh osnovakh general'nogo plana razvitiya Moskvy,’ Stroitel'stvo i Ar‐khitektura Moskvy, No. 11
    • (1966) , pp. 10
  • 44
    • 84982044108 scopus 로고
    • (1974) CDSP , vol.26 , Issue.11 , pp. 12
  • 45
    • 84982000971 scopus 로고
    • and D. Khodzhayev, ‘The Planning of the Distribution of Production in Population Centres and Some Problems in Population Geography,’Soviet Geog.: Review and Translation, No. 8 (1967), 622‐3
    • (1974) CDSP , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 5
  • 46
    • 84982044127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zaboty bo' shikh goroda … and Moskva v tsifrakh(1966–1970 gg.)
  • 47
    • 84982008646 scopus 로고
    • (1974) CDSP , vol.25 , Issue.41 , pp. 16
  • 48
    • 84982000961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moskva v tsifrakh (1966–1970 gg.)
  • 49
    • 84982033411 scopus 로고
    • ‘Problemy trudovykh resursov Moskvy,’ Gorodskoe Khozyaistvo Moskvy, No. 9
    • (1968) , pp. 26-27
    • Chizhova, L.S.1
  • 50
    • 84982019882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information from informants and also Zaboty bol' skikh goroda.
  • 51
    • 84982019880 scopus 로고
    • (1971) CDSP , vol.23 , Issue.44 , pp. 23
  • 52
    • 84982008698 scopus 로고
    • (1972) CDSP , vol.24 , Issue.12 , pp. 23
  • 53
    • 84982009233 scopus 로고
    • (1973) CDSP , vol.25 , Issue.24 , pp. 29
  • 55
    • 84981979288 scopus 로고
    • (1973) CDSP , vol.25 , Issue.27 , pp. 25
  • 56
    • 84982002852 scopus 로고
    • (1974) CDSP , vol.26 , Issue.31 , pp. 13
  • 57
    • 84982009231 scopus 로고
    • (1973) CDSP , vol.25 , Issue.27 , pp. 15
  • 58
    • 84982028884 scopus 로고
    • See also Fuchs and Demko, ‘Commuting and Urbanization in the Socialist Countries of Europe’ (note 30)
    • (1973) CDSP , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 17

* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.