Estimation of Spectral Moments for Weather Echoes

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electronics

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 1979, Pages 113-128

  Zrnić, Dusan S ^a  

^a NATIONAL SEVERE STORMS LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DOPPLER RADAR;

RADAR;

EID: 0018532491     PISSN: 00189413     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TGE.1979.294638     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. A. Arcese and E. W. Trombini, “Variances of spectral parameters with a Gaussian shape,” IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-17, pp. 200–201, Mar. 1971.
2. G. M. Armstrong and R. J. Donaldson, Jr., “Plan shear indicator for real time Doppler radar identification of hazardous storm winds,” J. Appl. Meteorol., vol. 8, pp. 376–383, 1969.
3. L. J. Battan, Radar Observation of the Atmosphere. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1973.
4. P. A. Bello, “On the RMS bandwidth of nonlinearly envelope detected narrow-band Gaussian noise,” IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-11, pp. 236–239, Apr. 1965.
5. T. Berger and H. L. Groginsky, “Estimation of the spectral moments of pulse trains,” presented at the Int. Conf. on Inform. Theory, Tel Aviv, Israel, 1973.
6. O. Brovko, “The structure of a maximum likelihood center frequency estimator,” Tech. Internal Corresp. no. 2313.00/042, Hughes Aircraft Company, May 16, 1977.
7. W. C. Campbell and R. C. Strauch, “Meteorological Doppler radar with double pulse transmission,” in Preprints, 17th Conf. Radar Meteorol., Amer. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, MA 02108, pp. 42–44, Oct. 1976.
8. A. M. Chimera, “Meteorological radar echo study,” Cornell Aero Labs., Buffalo, New York, Final Rep. Contract AF33(616)-6352, 1960.
9. J. N. Denenberg, “The estimation of spectral moments,” Dept. of Geophys. Sci., the Univ. of Chicago, and Dept. of Elect. Eng., IL. Inst. of Technol., Rep. Lab. Atmos. Probing, 1971, pp. 82.
10. R. J. Doviak and C. T. Jobson, “Dual Doppler radar observations of clear air wind perturbations in the planetary boundary layer,” J. Geophys. Res., vol. 84, no. C2, pp. 697–702, Feb. 1979.
11. R. J. Doviak, D. Sirmans, D. Zrnić, and G. B. Walker, “Considerations for pulse-Doppler radar observations of severe thunderstorms,” J. Appl. Meteorol., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 189–205, 1978.
12. R. J. Doviak and D. S. Zrnić, “Receiver bandwidth effect on reflectivity and Doppler velocity estimates,” J. Appl. Meteorol., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 69–76, Jan., 1979.
13. I. S. Gradshteyn and I. M. Ryzhik, Table of Integrals, Series, and Products. 4th ed. New York: Academic, 1965, pp. 19 and 939.
14. R. M. Gray, “Toeplitz and Circulent Matrices: A Review,” Stanford Electronic Lab. Tech. Rep. no. 6502-1, June 1971.
15. U. Grenander and G. Szego, Toeplitz Forms and their Applications. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1958.
16. H. L. Groginsky, “The coherent memory filter,” in Electron Prog. (Raytheon Co.), vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 7–13, 1965.
17. G. H. Hyde and K. E. Perry, “Doppler phase difference integrator,” M.I.T. Tech. Rep. p. 189, 1958.
18. G. W. Lank, I. S. Reed, and G. E. Pollon, “A semicoherent detection and Doppler estimation statistic,” IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. AES-9, pp. 151–165, Mar. 1975.
19. R. W. Lee, “Performance of the poly-pulse-pair Doppler estimator,” Lassen Res. Memo 78-03, Aug. 1978.
20. M. J. Levine, “Power spectrum parameter estimation,” IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-11, pp. 100–107, 1965.
21. R. M. Lhermitte, “Real time processing of meteorological Doppler radar signals,” in Preprints, 15th Conf. Radar Meteorol., Amer. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, MA, pp. 364–367, 1972.
22. J. S. Marshall and W. Hitschfeld, “Interpretation of the fluctuating echo from randomly distributed scatterers,” Pt. I, Can. J. Phys., vol. 31, pp. 962–995, 1953.
23. K. S. Miller and M. M. Rochwarger, “On estimating spectral moments in the presence of colored noise,” IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-16, pp. 303–309, May 1970.
24. —, “A covariance approach to spectral moment estimation,” IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-18, pp. 588–596, 1972.
25. E. A. Mueller and E. J. Silha, “Unique features of the CHILL radar system,” in Preprints, 18th Conf. Radar Meteorol., Amer. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, MA, pp. 381–382, Mar. 1978.
26. F. E. Nathanson, Radar Design Principles. New York: McGraw Hill, 1969.
27. L. R. Novick and K. M. Glover, “Spectral mean and variance estimation via pulse pair processing,” 16th Conf. Radar Meteorol., Preprints, Amer. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, MA, pp. 1–5, 1975.
28. A. Papoulis, Probability Random Variables and Stochastic Processes. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965.
29. R. R. Rogers, “The effect of variable target reflectivity on weather radar measurements,” Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 97, pp. 154–167, 1971.
30. W. D. Rummler, “Accuracy of spectral width estimators using pulse pair waveforms,” Bell Telephone Labs., Whippany, N.J., Tech. Memo, 1968.
31. —, “Introduction of a new estimator for velocity spectral parameters,” Bell Telephone Labs., Whippany, N.J., Tech. Memo. MM-68-4121-5, 1968.
32. —, “Two pulse spectral measurements,” Bell Telephone Labs., Whippany, N.J. Tech. Memo. MM-68-4121-15, 1968.
33. W. Rutkowski and A. Fleisher, “R-meter: An instrument for measuring gustiness,” M.I.T. Weather Radar Res. Rep. no. 24, 1955.
34. D. Sirmans and R. J. Doviak, “Pulsed-Doppler velocity isotach displays of storm winds in real time,” J. Appl. Meteorol., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 694–697, 1973.
35. —, “Meteorological radar signal intensity estimation,” NOAA Tech. Memo ERL NSSL-64, 1973.
36. D. Sirmans and W. Bumgarner, “Estimation of spectral density mean and variance by covariance argument techniques,” in Preprints, 16th Conf. Radar Meteorol., (Apr. 22–24, Houston, TX), Amer. Meteorol. Soc., Boston MA, pp. 6–13, 1975.
37. —, “Numerical comparison of five mean frequency estimators,” J. Appl. Meteorol., vol. 14, pp. 991–1003, Sept. 1975.
38. R. G. Strauch, R. A. Kropfli, W. B. Sweezy, and W. R. Moninger, “Improved Doppler velocity estimates by the poly-pulse pair method,” Preprints, 18th Conf. Radar Meteorol, (Mar. 28–31, Atlanta, GA), Amer. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, MA, pp. 376–380, 1977.
39. P. Waldteufel, “An analysis of weather spectra variance in a tornadic storm,” NOAA Tech. Memo ERL NSSL-76, 1976.
40. G. B. Walker, P. S. Ray, D. Zrnić, and R. J. Doviak, “Time angle and range sampling with weather radar,” Preprints, 16th Conf. Radar Meteorol, (Apr. 22–24, Houston, TX), Amer. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, MA, pp. 156–162, 1975.
41. J. R. Westlake, A Handbook of Numerical Matrix Inversion and Solution of Linear Equations. New York: Wiley, 1968.
42. R. F. Woodman and T. Hagfors, “Methods for the measurements of vertical ionospheric motions near the magnetic equator by incoherent scattering,” J. Geophys. Res., Space Phys., vol. 75, pp. 1205–1212, Mar. 1969.
43. D. S. Zrnić, “Mean power estimation with a recursive filter,” IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. AES-13, pp. 281–289, May 1977.
44. —, “Spectral moment estimates from correlated pulse pairs,” IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. AES-13, pp. 344–354, 1977.
45. —, “Spectrum width estimates for weather echoes,” accepted by the IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., (1979).
46. —, “Simulation of weatherlike Doppler spectra and signals,” J. Appl. Meteor., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 619–620, June 1975.
47. —, “Moments of estimated input power for finite sample averages of radar receiver outputs,” IEEE Trans. Aerosp. and Electron. Syst., vol. AES-11, pp. 109–113, 1975.
48. —, “Radar measurement of turbulence in storms,” Rep. RCA Avionics Systems, Van Nuys, CA, 1977.
49. D. S. Zrnić and R. J. Doviak, “Matched filter criteria and range weighting for weather radar,” IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. AES-14, pp. 295–930, 1978.