Retroreflection from spherical glass beads in highway pavement markings. 2: Diffuse reflection (a first approximation calculation)

Applied Optics

Volumn 17, Issue 12, 1978, Pages 1859-1869

  Vedam, K ^a   Stoudt, M D ^a,b  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LENSES; LIGHT - REFLECTION;

HIGHWAY SIGNS, SIGNALS AND MARKINGS;

EID: 0017979099     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 21553165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.17.001859     Document Type: Article

References (6)

1. M. D. Stoudt and K. Vedam, Appl. Opt. 18, 1859 (1978).
2. OSA nomenclature is adopted in this article; see D. L. MacAdam, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57, 854 (1967).
3. It should be noted that the numerical values given in the figures for the flux distribution may not be exact, especially near the peaks because these curves were essentially obtained by a smoothing operation of a histogram.
4. Since Eq. (6) is a fourth degree equation, one obtains four roots, hence, four solid angle cones which can satisfy the geometry. It turns out that for some points two of these four roots are imaginary. We are, of course, interested only in the real solutions.
5. C. V. Raman and S. Ramaseshan, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 30, 277 (1949).
6. M. D. Stoudt and K. Vedam, "Retroreflection Characteristics of Sperical Lenses, Part 3" (to be published).