Removal of atmospheric effects from satellite imagery of the oceans

Applied Optics

Volumn 17, Issue 10, 1978, Pages 1631-1636

  Gordon, Howard R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

OCEANOGRAPHY; REMOTE SENSING;

IMAGE PROCESSING;

EID: 0017973618     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 21553165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.17.001631     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. V. Klemas, M. Otley, and C. Wethe, "Monitoring Coastal Water Properties and Current Circulation with ERTS-1," Third ERTS-1 Symposium, Washington, D.C. (10-14 December 1973).
2. G. A. Maul and H. R. Gordon, Remote Sensing Environ. 4, 95 (1975).
3. G. L. Clark, G. C. Ewing, and C. J. Lorenzen, Science 167, 1119 (1970).
4. S. Q. Duntley et al., "Ocean Color Analysis," SIO Ref. 74-10, Visibility Lab., San Diego, Calif. (April 1974).
5. W. A. Hovis and K. C. Leung, Opt. Eng. 16, 157 (1977).
6. H. R. Gordon, Appl. Opt. 15, 1974 (1976).
7. H. R. Gordon, Appl. Opt. 15, 1974 (1976). Placing a hypothetical Lambertian reflector of albedo A just beneath the sea surface results in nearly the same computed upward radiance at the top of the atmosphere as that obtained in complete simulations of radiative transfer in the ocean-atmosphere system as long as A = R. r in Eq. (1) is the ratio of the number of photons which interact twice with this Lambertian surface to the number which interact once.
8. 1(0, ϕ) is removed from I(0, ϕ), one is still faced with the fact that the photons leaving the ocean have to pass through the atmosphere, reducing the contrast with which horizontal variations in R (and hence ocean properties) can be observed. This imaging aspect of the problem will be dealt with in a later paper.
9. G. N. Plass, G. W. Kattawar, and F. E. Catchings, Appl. Opt. 12, 314 (1973).
10. W. J. Wiscombe, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 16, 637 (1976).
11. G. W. Kattawar, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 15, 839 (1975).
12. D. Deirmendjian, Electromagnetic Scattering on Spherical Polydispersions (Elsevier, New York, 1969).
13. K. Bullrich, Scattered Radiation in the Atmosphere and the Natural Aerosol, in Advances in Geophysics (Academic P., New York, 1964), Vol. 10.
14. G. N. Plass, G. W. Kattawar, and S. J. Hitzfelder, Appl. Opt. 15, 632 (1976).
15. C. Cox and W. Munk, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 44, 838 (1954).