[47] Preparation of Liposomes and a Spectrophotometric Assay for Release of Trapped Glucose Marker

Methods in Enzymology

Volumn 32, Issue C, 1974, Pages 501-513

  Kinsky, Stephen C ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; FORSSMAN ANTIGEN; GLUCOSE; LIPOSOME; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUND; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; SPHINGOMYELIN;

ARTICLE; BINDING SITE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; TECHNIQUE; TRANSPORT AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROPHOTOMETRY;

BINDING SITES; BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; CHOLESTEROL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FORSSMAN ANTIGEN; GLUCOSE; LIPOSOMES; METHODS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, ULTRAVIOLET; SPHINGOMYELINS;

EID: 0016361467     PISSN: 00766879     EISSN: 15577988     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(74)32050-2     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Bangham, A.D., Standish, M.M., Watkins, J.C., J. Mot. Biol., 13, 1965, 238.
2. Bangham, A.D., Progr. Biophys. Mot. Biol., 18, 1968, 29 In this regard, readers should consult earlier reviews by These model membranes have also been called lipid “structures,” “spherules,” “liquid crystals,” “smectic mesophase,” and (perhaps most appropriately) “Bangosomes” in deference to their discoverer. A detailed discussion of the observations and theoretical considerations, leading to the development of liposomes, is beyond the scope of the present article.
3. * Sessa, G., Weissmann, G., J. Lipid Res., 9, 1968, 310.
4. Kinsky, S.C., Haxby, J.A., Kinsky, C.B., Demel, R.A., van Deenen, L.L.M., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 152, 1968, 174.
5. Kinsky, S.C., Anna. Rev. Pharmacol., 10, 1970, 119.
6. Kinsky, S.C., Haxby, J.A., Zopf, D.A., Alving, C.R., Kinsky, C.B., Biochemistry, 8, 1969, 4149.
7. Kinsky, S.C., Haxby, J.A., Zopf, D.A., Alving, C.R., Kinsky, C.B., Biochemistry, 9, 1970, 1048.
8. Kinsky, S.C., Biochim. Biophys. Acta Membrane Rev., 265, 1972, 1.
9. Alternative procedures that were originally used in the preparation and assay of liposomes are described by Bangham, A.D., Standish, M.M., Weissmann, G., J. Mol. Biol., 13, 1965, 253.
10. Weissmann, G., Sessa, G., Weissmann, S., Biochem. Pharmacol., 15, 1966, 1537.
11. We employ a minor modification of the method described by E. Gerlach and B. Deuticke [Biochem. Z.337, 477 (1963)] for determining total phosphate.
12. Demel, R.A., Kinsky, S.C., Kinsky, C.B., van Deenen, L.L.M., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 150, 1968, 655.
13. Kinsky, S.C., Bonsen, P.P.M., Kinsky, C.B., van Deenen, L.L.M., Rosenthal, A.F., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 233, 1971, 815.
14. One exception has been a sample of unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine isolated from A. agilis that was kindly provided by Dr. John Law (see this series, Vol. 14 [63]); however, liposome formation with this phospholipid did not occur unless cholesterol was also present in the lipid mixture.
15. De Gier, J., Mandersloot, J.G., van Deenen, L.L.M., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 150, 1968, 666.
16. De Gier, J., Mandersloot, J.G., van Deenen, L.L.M., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 173, 1969, 143.
17. Fluorescent probes and spin-labeled compounds are discussed elsewhere in this volume [17] and [21]. In many instances, these additional lipids are incorporated into sonicated phospholipid dispersions resembling the single-compartment “spherosomes” whose properties are described in [45]. Multicompartment liposomes can be converted into spherosomes by sonication (before dialysis), and the latter can also be assayed (after dialysis) for trapped glucose and marker release with the spectrophotometric procedures outlined above. Transformation into spherosomes results, however, in a marked reduction of the size of the aqueous compartment so that larger amounts of the single compartment preparations (ca. 100 μl) are required for assay.
18. Kabat, E.A., Mayer, M.M., Experimental Immunochemistry., 1961, Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 133.
19. 6 and incubation with phospholipase C [K. Inoue and S. C. Kinsky, Biochemistry 9, 4767 (1970)] also result in much lower levels of glucose release from liposomes prepared with sphingomyelin than from those made with lecithin.
20. Sessa, G., Weissmann, G., J. Biol. Chem., 245, 1970, 3295 have recently extended this approach with the converse demonstration that liposomes can trap an enzyme (lysozyme).