Protected Environments and Prophylactic Antibiotics: A Prospective Controlled Study of Their Utility in the Therapy of Acute Leukemia

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 288, Issue 10, 1973, Pages 477-483

  Levine, Arthur S ^a   Siegel, Stuart E ^a   Schreiber, Alan D ^a   Hauser, Janet ^a   Preisler, Harvey ^a   Goldstein, Ira M ^a   Seidler, Florence ^a   Simon, Richard ^a   Perry, Seymour ^a   Bennett, John E ^a   Henderson, Edward S ^a  

^a NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGRANULOCYTOSIS; ANTIBIOSIS; ANTISEPSIS; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DIET; FEMALE; HOSPITAL EQUIPMENT; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; LEUKEMIA; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; MALE; MICROBIOLOGY; MICROCLIMATE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REMISSION;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGRANULOCYTOSIS; AIR MICROBIOLOGY; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; ANTIBIOSIS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; ANTISEPSIS; DIET; ENVIRONMENT, CONTROLLED; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; INFECTION CONTROL; LEUKEMIA; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PATIENT ISOLATORS; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; REMISSION, SPONTANEOUS;

EID: 0015917425     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: 15334406     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM197303082881001     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Levine AS, Graw RG Jr., Young RC: Management of infections in patients with leukemia and lymphoma: current concepts and experimental approaches. Semin Hematol 9: 141–179, 1972
2. Henderson ES: Treatment of acute leukemia. Semin Hematol 6: 271–319, 1969
3. Bodey GP, Buckley M, Sathe YS, et al: Quantitative relationships between circulating leukocytes and infection in patients with acute leukemia. Ann Intern Med 64: 328–340, 1966
4. Pollard M, Sharon N: Chemotherapy of spontaneous leukemia in germfree AKR mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 45: 677–680, 1970
5. Pollard: Prevention and treatment of spontaneous leukemia in germfree AKR mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 137: 1494–1497, 1971
6. Reyniers JA, Trexler PC, Scruggs W, et al: Observations on germfree and conventional albino rats after total-body X-radiation. Radiat Res 5: 591, 1956
7. White LP, Claflin EF: Nitrogen mustard: diminution of toxicity in axenic mice. Science 140: 1400–1401, 1963
8. Shadomy S, Ginsberg MK, Laconte M, et al: Evaluations of a patient isolator system. I. Evaluations of subsystems and procedures for sterilization and concurrent sanitation. Arch Environ Health 11: 183–190, 1965
9. Shadomy S, Ginsberg MK, Zeiger E: Evaluations of a patient isolator system. II. Distribution profiles of patient microflora during prolonged isolator confinement. Arch Environ Health 11: 191–200, 1965.
10. III. Microbial contamination of the isolator interior. Shadomy Arch Environ Health:11: 652–661, 1965
11. Schwartz SS, Perry S: Patient protection in cancer chemotherapy. JAMA 197: 623–627, 1966
12. Levitan AA, Perry S: Infectious complications of chemotherapy in a protected environment. N Engl J Med 276: 881–886, 1967
13. Levitan: The use of an isolator system in cancer chemotherapy. Am J Med 44: 234–242, 1968
14. Bodey GP, Hart J, Freireich EJ, et al: Studies of a patient isolator unit and prophylactic antibiotics in cancer chemotherapy: general techniques and preliminary results. Cancer 22: 1018–1026, 1968
15. Bodey GP, Loftis J, Bowen E: Protected environment for cancer patients: effect of a prophylactic antibiotic regimen on the microbial flora of patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. Arch Intern Med 122: 23–30, 1968
16. Preisler HD, Goldstein IM, Henderson ES: Gastrointestinal “sterilization” in the treatment of patients with acute leukemia. Cancer 26: 1076–1081, 1970
17. Bodey GP, Freireich EJ, Frei E III: Studies of patients in a laminar air flow unit. Cancer 24: 972–980, 1969
18. Bodey GP, Johnston D: Microbiological evaluation of protected environments during patient occupancy. Appl Microbiol 22: 828–836, 1971
19. Jameson B, Lynch J, Gamble DR, et al: Five-year analysis of protective isolation. Lancet 1: 1034–1040, 1971
20. Solberg CO, Matsen JM, Vesley D, et al: Laminar airflow protection in bone marrow transplantation. Appl Microbiol 21: 209–216, 1971
21. Lidwell OM, Towers AG: Unidirectional (“laminar”) flow ventilation system for patient isolation. Lancet 1: 347–350, 1972
22. Burke JF: Bacteria-free nursing unit — a new approach to isolation procedures. Hospitals 43(2):86–91, 1969
23. Penland WZ Jr., Perry S: Portable laminar-air-flow isolator. Lancet 1: 174–176, 1970
24. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Edited by JE Blair, EH Lennette, JP Truant. Bethesda, Maryland, American Society for Microbiology, 1970
25. Edwards PR, Ewing WH: Identification of Enterobacteriaceae. Second edition. Minneapolis, Minnesota, Burgess Publishing Company, 1962
26. Ajello L, Georg LK, Kaplan W, et al: Laboratory Manual for Medical Mycology (PHS Publication No 994). Washington, DC, Government Printing Office, 1963
27. Cato EP, Cummins CS, Holdeman LV, et al: Outline of Clinical Methods in Anaerobic Bacteriology. Blacksburg, Virginia, Anaerobic Laboratory, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1970
28. Dowell VR Jr., Hawkins TM: Laboratory Methods in Anaerobic Bacteriology: NCDC Laboratory Manual (PHS Publication No 1803). Washington, DC, Government Printing Office, 1968
29. Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherris JC, et al: Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol 45: 493–496, 1966
30. MacLowry JD, Jaqua MJ, Selepak ST: Detailed methodology and implementation of a semiautomated serial dilution microtechnique for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Appl Microbiol 20: 46–53, 1970
31. Finney DJ, Latscha R, Bennett BM, et al: Tables for Testing Significance in a 2 X 2 Contingency Table. New York, Cambridge University Press, 1963
32. CRC Handbook of Tables for Probability and Statistics. Second edition. Edited by WH Beyer. Cleveland, Chemical Rubber Company, 1968, pp 409–413
33. Snedecor GW, Cochran WG: Statistical Methods. Sixth edition. Ames, Iowa, Iowa State University Press, 1967, pp 20–28, 131
34. Gehan EA: A generalized Wilcoxon test for comparing arbitrarily singly-censored samples. Biometrika 52: 203–223, 1965
35. Preisler HD, Bruckner H, Henderson ES: Reduced production of spleen colonies and granulocytes in antibiotic-treated irradiated mice transplanted with syngeneic bone marrow. Radiat Res 48: 20–31, 1971
36. Bodey GP: Oral antibiotic prophylaxis in protected environment units: effect of nonabsorbable and absorbable antibiotics on the fecal flora. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1: 343–347, 1972
37. Bruckner H: Evaluation of the influence of antibiotics on the toxicity of antitumor drugs. Fed Proc 28: 263, 1969
38. Zaharko DS, Bruckner H, Oliverio VT: Antibiotics alter methotrexate metabolism and excretion. Science 166: 887–888, 1969
39. Bodey GP, Gehan EA, Freireich EJ, et al: Protected environment-prophylactic antibiotic program in the chemotherapy of acute leukemia. Am J Med Sci 262: 138–151, 1971
40. Yates JW, Koza I, Holland JF: Prospective controlled trial of supportive therapy in acute myelocytic leukemia. Cancer (in press)
41. Greene W, Schimpff S, Young VM: A controlled clinical trial of unidirectional air flow reverse isolation and oral antibiotic intestinal flora suppression in decreasing infection in the leukemic patient. Clin Res 20: 528, 1972