Apoptosis: A basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics

British Journal of Cancer

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 1972, Pages 239-257

  Kerr, J F R ^a,b   Wyllie, A H ^a   Currie, A R ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADRENAL GLAND; ANIMAL; ATROPHY; AUTOLYSIS; CELL; CELL DIVISION; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; EXPERIMENTAL NEOPLASM; HISTIOCYTE; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; KINETICS; MESODERM; MITOSIS; PATHOLOGY; PHAGOCYTOSIS; RAT; REVIEW; SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; TISSUE CULTURE;

ADRENAL GLANDS; ANIMAL; ATROPHY; AUTOLYSIS; CARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL; CELL DIVISION; CELLS; HISTIOCYTES; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; KINETICS; MAMMARY NEOPLASMS, EXPERIMENTAL; MESODERM; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON; MITOSIS; PHAGOCYTOSIS; RATS; TISSUE CULTURE;

EID: 0015383455     PISSN: 00070920     EISSN: 15321827     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1972.33     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Abraham, R., Morris, M. & Hendy, R. (1969) Lysosomal Changes in Epithelial Cells of the Mouse Thymus after Hydrocortisone Treatment. Histochemie, 17, 295.
2. Anton, E. & Brandes, D. (1968) Lysomes in Mice Mammary Tumors Treated with Cyclophosphamide. Cancer, N.Y., 21, 483.
3. Ballard, K. J. & Holt, S. J. (1968) Cytological and Cytochemical Studies on Cell Death and Digestion in the Foetal Rat Foot: The Role of Macrophages and Hydrolytic Enzymes. J. Cell Sci., 3, 245.
4. Biava, C. & Mukhlova-Montiel, M. (1965) Electron Microscopic Observations on Councilmanlike Acidophilic Bodies and Other Forms of Acidophilic Changes in Human Liver Cells. Am. J. Path., 46, 775.
5. Clifton, K. H. & Yatvin, M. B. (1970) Cell Population Growth and Cell Loss in the MTG-B Mouse Mammary Carcinoma. Cancer Res., 30, 658.
6. Cole, S., Matter, A. & Karnovsky, M. J. (1971) Autophagic Vacuoles in Experimental Atrophy. Exp. mol. Pathol., 14, 158.
7. Crawford, A. M., Kerr, J. F. R. & Currie, A. R. (1972) The Relationship of Acute Mesodermal Cell Death to the Teratogenic Effects of 7-OHM-12-MBA in the Fetal Rat. Br. J. Cancer. In press.
8. Currie, A. R., Kerr, J. F. R., Scott, G. B. & Inglis, M. S. (1972) Regression of Endocrine-dependent Mammary Tumours: The Role of Apoptosis. Br. J. Cancer. In press.
9. Farbman, A. I. (1968) Electron Microscope Study of Palate Fusion in Mouse Embryos. Devi Biol., 18, 93.
10. Fliedner, T. M. (1967) On the Origin of Tingible Bodies in Germinal Centers. In Germinal Centers in Immune Responses. Ed. H. Cottier, N. Odartchenko, R. Schindler and C. C. Congdon. Berlin: Springer, p. 218.
11. Frindel, E., Malaise, E. & Tubiana, M. (1968) Cell Proliferation Kinetics in Five Human Solid Tumors. Cancer, N. Y., 22, 611.
12. Glücksmann, A. (1951) Cell Deaths in Normal Vertebrate Ontogeny. Biol. Rev., 26, 59.
13. Goldsmith, M. (1966) The Anatomy of Cell Death. J. Cell Biol., 31, 41A.
14. Haelst, U. van (1967) Light and Electron Microscopic Study of the Normal and Pathological Thymus of the Rat. II The Acute Thymic Involution. Z. Zellforsch. mikrosk. Anat., 80, 153.
15. Helminen, H. J. & Ericsson, J. L. E. (1971) Ultrastructural Studies on Prostatic Involution in the Rat. Mechanism of Autophagy in Epithelial Cells, with Special Reference to the Rough-surfaced Endoplasmic Reticulum. J. Ultra-struct. Res., 36, 708.
16. Helminen, H. J., Ericsson, J. L. E. & Niemi, M. (1970) Lysosomal Changes during Castration-induced Prostatic Involution in the Rat. Acta path, microbiol. scand., 78A, 493.
17. Iversen, O. H. (1967) Kinetics of Cellular Proliferation and Cell Loss in Human Carcinomas. A Discussion of Methods Available for in vivo Studies. Eur. J. Cancer, 3, 389.
18. Judah, J. D., Ahmed, K. & McLean, A. E. M. (1965) Pathogenesis of Cell Necrosis. Fedn Proc. Fedn Am. Socs exp. Biol., 24, 1217.
19. Kerr, J. F. R. (1965) A Histochemical Study of Hypertrophy and Ischaemic Injury of Rat Liver with Special Reference to Changes in Lysosomes. J. Path. Bad., 90, 419.
20. Kerr, J. F. R. (1967) Lysosome Changes in Acute Liver Injury due to Heliotrine. J. Path. Bad., 93, 167.
21. Kerr, J. F. R. (1969) An Electron-microscope Study of Liver Cell Necrosis due to Heliotrine. J. Path., 97, 557.
22. Kerr, J. F. R. (1970) An Electron Microscopic Study of Liver Cell Necrosis due to Albitocin. Pathology, 2, 251.
23. Kerr, J. F. R. (1971) Shrinkage Necrosis: A Distinct Mode of Cellular Death. J. Path., 105, 13.
24. Kerr, J. F. R. (1972a) Some Lysosome Functions in Liver Cells Reacting to Sublethal Injury. In Lysosomes in Biology and Pathology, Vol. 3. Ed. J. T. Dingle and Honor B. Fell. Amsterdam: North-Holland. In press.
25. Kerr, J. F. R. (1972c) Shrinkage Necrosis of Adrenal Cortical Cells. J. Path. In press.
26. Kerr, J. F. R. & Searle, J. (1972a) A Suggested Explanation for the Paradoxically Slow Growth Rate of Basal-cell Carcinomas that Contain Numerous Mitotic Figures. J. Path. In press.
27. Kerr, J. F. R. & Searle, J. (19726) The Digestion of Cellular Fragments within Phago-lysosomes in Carcinoma Cells. J. Path. In press.
28. Klion, F. M. & Schaffner, F. (1966) The Ultrastructure of Acidophilic “Councilman-like” Bodies in the Liver. Am. J. Path., 48, 755.
29. Laird, A. K. (1969) Dynamics of Growth in Tumors and in Normal Organisms. In Human Tumor Cell Kinetics. Ed. §. Perry. Natn. Cancer Inst. Monogr., No. 30. p. 15.
30. Lala, P. K. (1971) Studies on Tumor Cell Population Kinetics. In Methods in Cancer Research, Vol. 6. Ed. H. Busch. New York: Academic Press, p. 3.
31. Lala, P. K. (1972) Evaluation of the Mode of Cell Death in Ehrlich Ascites Tumor. Cancer, N.Y., 29, 261.
32. La Pushin, R. W. & de Harven, E. (1971) A Study of Gluco-corticosteroid-induced Pyknosis in the Thymus and Lymph Node of the Adrenal-ectomized Rat. J. Cell Biol., 50, 583.
33. Makman, M. H., Nakagawa, S. & White, A. (1967) Studies of the Mode of Action of Adrenal Steroids on Lymphocytes. Recent Prog. Horm. Res., 23, 195.
34. Menkes, B., Sandor, S. & Ilies, A. (1970) Cell Death in Teratogenesis. In Advances In Teratology, Vol. 4. Ed. D. H. M. Woollam. London: Logos Press, p. 169.
35. Moppert, J., Ekesparre, D. V. & Bianchi, L. (1967) Zur Morphogenese der eosinophilen Ein-zelzellnekros im Leberparenchym des Menschen. Eine licht-und elektronenoptisch korrelierte Unter-suchung. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. Physiol., 342, 210.
36. Odartchenko, N., Lewerenz, M., Sordat, B., Roos, B. & Cottier, H. (1967) Kinetics of Cellular Death in Germinal Centers of Mouse Spleen. In Germinal Centers in Immune Responses. Ed. H. Cottier, N. Odartchenko, R. Schindler and C. C. Congdon. Berlin: Springer, p. 212.
37. Paris, J. E. & Brandes, D. (1971) Effect of X-irradiation on the Functional Status of Lysosomal Enzymes of Mouse Mammary Gland Carcinomas. Cancer Res., 31, 392.
38. Refsum, S. B. & Berdal, P. (1967) Cell Loss in Malignant Tumours in Man. Eur. J. Cancer, 3, 235.
39. Saunders, J. W. (1966) Death in Embryonic Systems. Science, N. Y., 154, 604.
40. Saunders, J. W. & Fallon, J. F. (1966) Cell Death in Morphogenesis. In Major Problems in Developmental Biology. Ed. M. Locke. New York: Academic Press, p. 289.
41. Scott, G. B., Christian, H. J. & Currie, A. R. (1967) The Huggins Rat Mammary Tumors: Cellular Changes Associated with Regression. In Endogenous Factors Influencing Host-Tumor Balance. Ed. R. W. Wissler, T. L. Dao and S. Wood, Jr. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, p. 99.
42. Steel, G. G. (1967) Cell Loss as a Factor in the Growth Rate of Human Tumours. Eur. J. Cancer, 3, 381.
43. Swartzendruber, D. C. & Congdon, C. C. (1963) Electron Microscope Observations on Tingible Body Macrophages in Mouse Spleen. J. Cell Biol., 19, 641.
44. Trump, B. F. & Ginn, F. L. (1969) The Pathogenesis of Subcellular Reaction to Lethal Injury. In Methods and Achievements in Experimental Pathology, Vol. 4. Ed. E. Bajusz and G. Jasmin. Basel: Karger, p. 1.
45. Trump, B. F., Goldblatt, P. J. & Stowell, R. E. (1965) Studies on Necrosis of Mouse Liver in vitro. Ultrastructural Alterations in the Mitochondria of Hepatic Parenchymal Cells. Lab. Invest., 14, 343.
46. Webster, D. A. & Gross, J. (1970) Studies on Possible Mechanisms of Programmed Cell Death in the Chick Embryo. Devi Biol., 22, 157.
47. Weinstein, G. D. & Frost, P. (1970) Cell Proliferation in Human Basal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res., 30, 724.
48. Wilgram, G. F., Kidd, R. L., Krawczyk, W. S. & Cole, P. L. (1970) Sunburn Effect on Keratino-somes. A Report with Special Note of Ultraviolet-induced Dyskeratosis. Archs Derm., 101, 505.
49. Wyllie, A. H., Kerr, J. F. R. & Currie, A. R. (1972a) Cell Death in the Normal Neonatal Rat Adrenal Cortex. J. Path. (To be published).
50. Wyllie, A. H., Kerr, J. F. R., Macaskill, I. A. M. & Currie, A. R. (1972c) Adrenocortical Celt Deletion: The Role of ACTH. J. Path. (To be published).
51. Yoffey, J. M. & Courtice, F. C. (1970) Lymphatics, Lymph and the Lymphomyeloid Complex. New York: Academic Press, p. 534.