Surface Elastic Waves

Proceedings of the IEEE

Volumn 58, Issue 8, 1970, Pages 1238-1276

  White, Richard M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTICS; CRYSTALS; IEEPA; PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTALS; SEMICONDUCTORS, PIEZOELECTRIC; SURFACE ELASTIC WAVES; TRANSDUCERS;

EID: 0014926080     PISSN: 00189219     EISSN: 15582256     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/PROC.1970.7900     Document Type: Article

References (247)

1. L. R. Adkins and A. J. Hughes, “Elastic surface waves guided by thin films: gold on fused quartz,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-17, pp. 904–911, November 1969.
2. L. R. Adkins, T. W. Bristol, P. J. Hagon, and A. J. Hughes, “Surface acoustic waves–device applications and signal routing techniques for VHF and UHF,” Microwave J., vol. 13, pp. 87–94, March 1970.
3. R. Adler, A. Korpel, and P. Desmares, “An instrument for making surface waves visible,” IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason., vol. SU-15, pp. 157–161, July 1968.
4. R. Adler, “Solid state traveling wave devices,” U. S. Patent 3 388 334, June 11, 1968.
5. R. Adler, “A simple theory of acoustic amplification,” paper A-5, presented at the 1969 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., St. Louis, Mo., September 24–26.
6. R. Adler, A. J. DeVries, and L. W. Kessler, “The liquid wedge—an efficient surface wave transducer,” paper C-7, presented at the 1969 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., St. Louis, Mo., September 24–26.
7. E. L. Adler, G. W. Farnell, and I. H. Sun. “Velocity dispersion of elastic waves guided by thin films,” presented at the 1969 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., St. Louis, Mo., September 24–26.
8. F. Akao, “Attenuation of elastic surface waves in thin film super-conducting Pb and In at 316 MHz,” Phys. Lett., vol. 30A, pp. 409–410, December 1, 1969.
9. D. B. Armstrong, “Surface wave transducers for delay application in the low microwave frequency range,” paper A-3, presented at the 1968 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., New York, September 25–27.
10. R. M. Arzt and K. Dransfeld, “Excitation of Rayleigh waves at high frequencies and low temperatures,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 7, pp. 156–158, September 15, 1965.
11. E. A. Ash and D. P. Morgan, “Realization of microwave circuit functions using acoustic surface waves,” Electron. Lett., vol. 3, pp. 462–463, October 1967.
12. E. A. Ash, R. M. De La Rue, and R. F. Humphryes, “Microsound surface waveguides,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-17, pp. 882–892, November 1969.
13. D. C. Auth and W. G. Mayer, “Scattering of light reflected from acoustic surface waves in isotropic solids,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 38, pp. 5138–5140, December 1967.
14. A. J. Bahr, “Electrically controlled reflection of acoustic surface waves,” post-deadline paper, presented at the 1969 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., St. Louis, Mo., September 24–26.
15. D. Berlincourt, H. Jaffe, and L. R. Shiozawa, “Electroelastic properties of the sulfides, selenides and tellurides of zinc and cadmium,” Phys. Rev., vol. 129, pp. 1009–1017, February 1, 1963.
16. H. L. Bertoni, “Piezoelectric Rayleigh wave excitation by bulk wave scattering,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-17, pp. 873–882, November 1969.
17. V. O. Blackledge and I. Kaufman, “Control of electron emission by elastic surface waves,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 127–128, August 15, 1969.
18. J. D. Bleustein, “A new surface wave in piezoelectric materials,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 412–413, December 15, 1968.
19. K. Bloetekjaer and C. F. Quate, “The coupled modes of acoustic waves and drifting carriers in piezoelectric crystals,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 52, pp. 360–377, April 1964.
20. H. E. Boemmel and K. Dransfeld, “Excitation and attenuation of hypersonic waves in quartz,” Phys. Rev., vol. 117, pp. 1245–1252, March 1, 1960.
21. W. L. Bond, J. H. Collins, H. M. Gerard, T. M. Reeder, and H. J. Shaw, “Acoustic surface wave coupling across an air gap,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 14, pp. 122–124, February 15, 1969.
22. W. L. Bongianni and J. H. Dickerman, “Sidelobe suppression in surface acoustic dispersive delay lines,” paper WPM-2.4, Digest of G-MTT 1970 Internat. Symp., (Newport Beach, Calif., May 11–14).
23. L. M. Brekhovskikh, Waves in Layered Media. Moscow: Acad. Sciences USSR Press, 1957.
24. C. F. Brockelsby, J. S. Palfreeman, and R. W. Gibson, Ultrasonic Delay Lines. London: Iliffe Books Ltd., 1963.
25. A. N. Broers, E. G. Lean, and M. Hatzakis “1.75 GHz acoustic-surface-wave transducer fabrication by an electron beam,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 98–101, August 1, 1969.
26. C. S. Brown, R. C. Kell, R. Taylor, and L. A. Thomas, “Piezoelectric materials, a review of progress,” Proc. Inst. Elec. Eng., (London), vol. 109, pt. B, pp. 99–114, January 1962.
27. V. T. Buchwald, “Elastic waves in anisotropic media,” Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), vol. A253, pp. 563–580, December 29, 1959.
28. V. T. Buchwald, “Rayleigh waves in transversely isotropic media,” Quart. J. Mech. Appl. Math., vol. 14, pt. 3, pp. 293–317, August 1961.
29. V. T. Buchwald, “Rayleigh waves in anisotropic media,” Quart. J. Mech. Appl. Math., vol. 14, pt. 4, pp. 461–469, November 1961.
30. V. T. Buchwald and A. Davis, “Surface waves in elastic media with cubic symmetry,” Quart. J. Mech. Appl. Math., vol. 16, pt. 3, pp. 283–294, August 1963.
31. W. G. Cady, Piezoelectricity. New York: Dover, 1964.
32. G. Cambon and C. F. Quate, “Dispersive Rayleigh waves on quartz,” Electron. Lett., vol. 5, pp. 402–403, August 21, 1969.
33. J. J. Campbell and W. R. Jones, “A method for estimating optimal crystal cuts and propagation directions for excitation of piezoelectric surface waves,” IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason., vol. SU-15, pp. 209–217, October 1968.
34. P. H. Carr, “The generation and propagation of acoustic surface waves at microwave frequencies,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-17, pp. 845–855, November 1969.
35. I. Cermak, P. Silvester, and G. W. Farnell, “Capacity and field distributions for interdigital surface-wave transducers,” paper C-2, presented at the 1969 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., St. Louis, Mo., September 24–26.
36. D. E. Chapin, “Frequency and temperature dependence of shear wave attenuation in Bausch and Lomb T-40 glass,” IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason., vol. SU-15, pp. 178–181, July 1968.
37. L. T. Claiborne, C. S. Hartmann, and W. S. Jones, “Annual technical report for surface wave devices: 15 January 1969–15 January 1970,” Texas Instruments Co., Dallas, Tex., ONR Contract N00014-69-C-0173, March 1970.
38. W. J. Clemetson, “Self-scanned optical transducer using acoustic domains in CdS,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices (Correspondence), vol. ED-16, pp. 1080–1082, December 1969.
39. J. H. Collins and P. J. Hagon, “Applying surface wave acoustics,” Electronics, vol. 42, pp. 97–103, November 10, 1969.
40. J. H. Collins and P. J. Hagon, “Amplifying acoustic surface waves,” Electronics, vol. 42, pp. 102–111, December 8, 1969.
41. J. H. Collins and P. J. Hagon, “Surface wave delay lines promise filters for radar, flat tubes for television, and faster computers,” Electronics, vol. 43, pp. 110–122, January 19, 1970.
42. J. H. Collins and T. M. Reeder, “Active surface acoustic wave delay lines” (Abstract), IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason., vol. SU-17, p. 53, January 1970.
43. J. H. Collins, K. M. Lakin, C. F. Quate, and H. J. Shaw, “Amplification of acoustic surface waves with adjacent semiconductor and piezoelectric crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 314–316, November 1, 1968. Erratum, Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 16, p. 51, January 1, 1970.
44. J. H. Collins, H. M. Gerard, T. M. Reeder, and H. J. Shaw, “Unidirectional surface wave transducer,” Proc. IEEE (Letters), vol. 57, pp. 833–835, May 1969.
45. E. G. Cook and H. E. Van Valkenburg, “Surface waves at ultrasonic frequencies,” ASTM Bull., TP 127, pp. 81–84, May 1954.
46. G. A. Coquin and H. F. Tiersten, “Analysis of the excitation and detection of piezoelectric surface waves in quarta by means of surface electrodes,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 41, pt. 2, pp. 921–939, April 1967.
47. S. T. Costanza, P. J. Hagon, and L. A. MacNevin, “Analog matched filter using tapped acoustic surface wave delay line,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. (Correspondence), vol. MTT-17, pp. 1042–1043, November 1969.
48. I. N. Court, “Microwave acoustic devices for pulse compression filters,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-17, pp. 968–986, November 1969.
49. M. R. Daniel and J. de Klerk, “Temperature-dependent attenuation of ultrasonic surface waves in quartz,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 30–31, January 1, 1970.
50. J. de Klerk and M. R. Daniel, “Investigation to improve microwave acoustic delay lines,” Westinghouse Research Labs., Pittsburgh, Pa., Rept. 69-9J6-Waves-Rl, March 1969.
51. J. de Klerk and M. R. Daniel, “Microwave acoustic propagation in layered piezoelectric media,” paper E-4, presented at the 1969 Ultrasonics Symp., St. Louis, September 24–26.
52. J. de Klerk and M. R. Daniel, “Measured electrical characteristics of interdigital surface wave transducers on lithium niobate,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 216–221, March 1, 1970.
53. H. Deresiewicz and R. D. Mindlin, “Waves on the surface of a crystal,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 28, pp. 669–671, June 1957.
54. A. DeVries and T. Wojcik, “Frequency response of comb-type surface wave transducers,” paper N-6, presented at the 1967 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., Vancouver, Canada, October 4–6.
55. A. J. DeVries, R. Adler, J. F. Dias, and T. J. Wojcik, “Realization of a 40 MHz color television IF response using surface wave transducers on lead zirconate titanate,” paper G-5, presented at the 1969 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., St. Louis, Mo., September 24–26.
56. E. Dieulesaint and P. Hartemann, “Acoustic surface wave filters,” paper G-2, presented at the 1969 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., St. Louis, Mo., September 24–26.
57. R. W. Dixon, “Acoustic diffraction of light in anisotropic media,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron, vol. QE-3, pp. 85–93, February 1967.
58. K. Dransfeld, “Kilomegacycle ultrasonics,” Sci. Amer., vol. 208, pp. 60–68, April 1963.
59. H. Engan, “Interdigital electrode transducers for the excitation of elastic surface waves in piezoelectric media,” Electronics Research Lab., Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Elab. Rept. TE-91, September 1967.
60. H. Engan, “Experiments with elastic surface waves in piezoelectric ceramics,” Electronics Research Lab., Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Elab. Rept. TE-128, July 1969.
61. H. Engan, “Excitation of elastic surface waves by spatial harmonics of interdigital transducers,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-16, pp. 1014–1017, December 1969.
62. H. Engan, H. Hanebrekke, K. A. Ingebrigtsen, and E. Jergan, “Numerical calculations of surface waves in piezoelectrics,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 239–241, October 15, 1969.
63. M. Epstein, S. G. Joshi, R. J. Serafín, and A. P. van den Heuvel, “Electron beam sensing of surface elastic waves,” Proc. IEEE (Letters), vol. 58, pp. 253–254, February 1970.
64. J. R. Eshbach, “Spin wave propagation and the magnetoelastic interaction in yttrium iron garnet,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 8, pp. 357–359, May 1, 1962.
65. W. M. Ewing, W. S. Jardetsky, and F. Press, Elastic Waves in Layered Media. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1957.
66. G. W. Farnell, “Properties of elastic surface waves,” in Physical Acoustics, vol. 6, W. P. Mason and R. N. Thurston, Eds. New York: Academic Press, 1970.
67. J. L. Fergason, “Liquid crystals,” Sci. Amer., vol. 211, pp. 76–82, August 1964.
68. F. A. Firestone and S. S. Ling, Jr., “Method and means for generating and utilizing vibrational waves in plates,” U. S. Patent 2 536 128, January 2, 1951.
69. C. Fischler and S. Yando, “Amplification of acoustic waves in a coupled semiconductor-piezoelectric ceramic system,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 351–353, November 15, 1968.
70. C. Fischler and S. Yando, “Amplification of guided elastic waves in piezoelectric plates through electrical coupling to a semiconductor,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 366–368, December 1, 1969.
71. A. K. Fung and A. Leovaris, “Experimental verification of the proper Kirchhoff theory of wave scattering from known randomly rough surfaces,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 46, pt. 1, pp. 1057–1061, May 1969.
72. D. G. Gazis, R. Herman, and R. F. Wallis, “Surface elastic waves in cubic crystals,” Phys. Rev., vol. 119, pp. 533–544, July 15, 1960.
73. P. G. Gloersen, private communication.
74. P. G. Gloersen, private communication.
75. P. G. Gloersen, “Guiding and reflection of surface elastic waves,” M.Sc. thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1969.
76. L. Gold, “Rayleigh wave propagation on anisotropic (cubic) media,” Phys. Rev., vol. 104, pp. 1532–1536, December 1957.
77. E. I. Gordon, “A review of acoustooptical deflection and modulation devices,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 54, pp. 1391–1401, October 1966.
78. C. A. A. J. Greebe, “Use of minority carriers for ultrasonic amplification in piezoelectric semiconductors,” Phys. Lett., vol. 28A, pp. 455–456, December 30, 1968.
79. Y. V. Gulyaev and V. I. Pustovoit, “Amplification of surface waves in semiconductors,” Sov. Phys.-JETP, vol. 20, pp. 1508–1509, June 1965.
80. Y. V. Gulyaev, “Electroacoustic surface waves in solids,” Sov. Phys.-JETP, vol. 9, pp. 63–65, January 5, 1969.
81. R. F. S. Hearmon, An Introduction to Applied Anisotropic Elasticity. London: Oxford University Press, 1961.
82. A. M. Hlady, “A touch sensitive X-Y position encoder for computer input,” 1969 Fall Joint Computer Conf., (Las Vegas, Nev., November 18–20); also AFIPS Proc., vol. 35, pp. 545–551, 1969.
83. R. Y. C. Ho and A. J. Bahr, “Active impedance matching for microwave acoustic delay lines,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. (Correspondence), vol. MTT-17, pp. 1041–1042, November 1969.
84. T. F. Hueter and R. H. Bolt, Sonics: Techniques for the Use of Sound and Ultrasound in Engineering and Science. New York: Wiley, 1955.
85. R. F. Humphryes and E. A. Ash, “Acoustic bulk surface wave transducer,” Electron. Lett., vol. 5, pp. 175–176, May 1969.
86. B. J. Hunsinger and D. Holshouser, “Spatial modulation of light using surface waves in an interferometer,” to be published.
87. A. R. Hutson, J. H. McFee, and D. L. White, “Ultrasonic amplification in CdS,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 7, pp. 237–239, September 15, 1961.
88. J. Ilukor and E. H. Jacobsen, “Generation and detection of coherent elastic waves at 114 000 Mc/sec,” Science, vol. 153, pp. 1113–1114, September 2, 1966.
89. K. A. Ingebrigtsen, “Surface waves in piezoelectrics,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 40, pp. 2681–2686, June 1969.
90. K. A. Ingebrigtsen and A. Tonning, “Numerical data for acoustic surface waves in alpha-quartz and cadmium sulfide,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 16–18, July 1, 1966.
91. K. A. Ingebrigtsen and A. Tonning, “Elastic surface waves in crystals,” Phys. Rev., vol. 184, pp. 942–951, August 15, 1969.
92. K. A. Ingebrigtsen and A. Tonning, “Excitation of elastic waves in crystals,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-17, pp. 827–835, November 1969.
93. E. P. Ippen, “Diffraction of light by surface acoustic waves,” Proc. IEEE (Letters), vol. 55, pp. 248–249, February 1967.
94. E. P. Ippen, “Diffraction of light by acoustic surface waves,” Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1968.
95. H. Jaffe and D. A. Berlincourt, “Piezoelectric transducer materials,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 53, pp. 1372–1386, October 1965.
96. W. S. Jones, C. S. Hartmann, and L. T. Claiborne, “Evaluation of digitally-coded acoustic surface wave matched filters,” to be published.
97. S. G. Joshi, “Excitation, detection, and dispersion of surface elastic waves in piezoelectric crystals,” Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1968.
98. S. G. Joshi and R. M. White, “Dispersion of surface elastic waves produced by a conducting grating on a piezoelectric crystal,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 39, pp. 5819–5827, December 1968.
99. S. G. Joshi and R. M. White, “Excitation and detection of surface elastic waves in piezoelectric crystals,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 46, pt. 1, pp. 17–27, July 1969.
100. M. I. Kaganov and I. L. Sklovskaya, “Surface wave in a piezoelectric,” Sov. Phys.-Solid State, vol. 8, pp. 2789–2791, June 1967.
101. S. Kaliski, “Amplification of a longitudinal ultrasonic wave in piezo-quartz by a current flowing in the semi-conducting boundary layer,” Proc. Vibration Problems (Warsaw), vol. 6, pp. 323–340, 1965.
102. S. Kaliski, “Amplification of a longitudinal ultrasonic wave in a piezo-quartz by means of an external electron stream,” Proc. Vibration Problems (Warsaw), vol. 6, pp. 13–32, 1965.
103. J. Kane, “Rayleigh waves at the continental margin,” Rhode Island University, Kingston, R. I., Rept. SR-6, June 1965.
104. I. Kaufman and J. W. Foltz, “Self-scanned optical sensor using elastic surface waves,” Proc. IEEE (Letters), vol. 57, pp. 2081–2082, November 1969.
105. P. J. King and F. W. Sheard, “Viscosity tensor approach to the damping of Rayleigh waves,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 40, pp. 5189–5190, December 1969.
106. G. S. Kino, “Parametric systems using surface acoustic waves,” paper C-l, presented at Internatl. Symp. on Acoustic Surface Waves, IBM, Yorktown Heights, N. Y., March 23–25, 1970.
107. H. Kogelnik and T. Li, “Laser beams and resonators,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 54, pp. 1312–1329, October 1966.
108. H. Kolsky, Stress Waves in Solids. London: Oxford University Press, 1953.
109. A. Korpel, L. J. Laub, and H. A. Sievering, “Measurement of acoustic surface wave propagation characteristics by reflected light,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 10, pp. 295–297, May 15, 1967.
110. E. Kraetzig, K. Walther, and W. Schilz, “Investigation of super-conducting phase transitions in Pb-films with acoustic surface waves,” Phys. Lett., vol. 30A, pp. 411–412, December 1, 1969.
111. T. Krairojananan and M. Redwood, “Piezoelectric generation and detection of ultrasonic surface waves by interdigital electrodes: an electrical equivalent circuit,” Electron. Letter., vol. 5, pp. 134–135, April 3, 1969.
112. J. Krokstad, “Scattering of light by ultrasonic surface waves in crystals,” Electronics Research Lab., Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Rept. TE-93, October 1967.
113. J. Krokstad and L. O. Svaasand, “Scattering of light by ultrasonic surface waves in quartz,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 155–157, September 1, 1967.
114. K. M. Lakin, “Acoustoelectric surface-wave amplification,” Ph.D. dissertation, Microwave Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., December 1969.
115. K. M. Lakin and H. J. Shaw, “Surface wave delay line amplifiers,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-17 pp. 912–920, November 1969.
116. H. Lamb, “On the propagation of tremors over the surface of an elastic solid,” Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A203, pp. 1–42, 1904.
117. E. G. Lean and A. N. Broers, “2.5 GHz interdigital wave transducers fabricated by an electron beam,” post-deadline paper, presented at the 1969 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., St. Louis, Mo. September 24–26.
118. E. G. H. Lean and C. C. Tseng, “Nonlinear effects in surface acoustic waves,” paper A-2, presented at the 1969 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., St. Louis, Mo., September 24–26.
119. E. G. H. Lean, C. G. Powell, and L. Kuhn, “Acoustic surface wave mixing on α-quartz,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 10–12, July 1, 1969.
120. E. G. H. Lean, C. C. Tseng, and C. G. Powell, “Optical probing of acoustic surface-wave harmonic generation,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 32–35, January 1, 1970.
121. V. R. Learned and C. W. Turner, private communication. Amplification of electroacoustic waves was observed in cadmium sulfide. The waves propagated normal to the c axis in a plane containing that axis.
122. R. E. Lee and R. M. White, “Excitation of surface elastic waves by transient surface heating,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 12, pp. 12–14, January 1, 1968.
123. R. E. Lee and R. M. White, “Elastic wave generation by a Gunn effect oscillator coupled to a piezoelectric,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 343–346, May 1, 1970.
124. T. C. Lim, “Elastic surface wave propagation in anisotropic crystals,” Ph.D. dissertation, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, 1968.
125. T. C. Lim, private communication.
126. P. O. Loepen, “Second-harmonic generation in an elastic surface wave in alpha-quartz,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 39, pp. 5400–5404, November 1968.
127. D. S. Loftus, “Elastic surface waves on layered anisotropic crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 323–326, November 1, 1968.
128. W. H. Louisell, Coupled Mode and Parametric Electronics. New York: Wiley, 1960.
129. A. E. H. Love, Some Problems of Geodynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1911.
130. H. Ludloff, “On ultrasonic surface waves,” Phys. Z., vol. 37, p. 524, July 15, 1936. (In German.)
131. H. Ludloff, “On ultrasonic surface waves and their optical detection,” Z. Tech. Phys., vol. 17, pp. 518–522, 1936. (In German.)
132. A. K. Mal and L. Knopoff, “Transmission of Rayleigh waves at a corner,” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., vol. 56, pp. 455–466, April 1966.
133. A. A. Maradudin and D. L. Mills, “Calculation of the anharmonic damping of Rayleigh surface modes,” Phys. Rev., vol. 173, pp. 881–898, September 15, 1968.
134. W. P. Mason, Piezoelectric Crystals and Their Applications to Ultrasonics. New York: Van Nostrand, 1950.
135. W. P. Mason, Ed., Physical Acoustics. New York: Academic Press, 1964. This series of volumes contains many review articles on elastic phenomena.
136. H. Matthews and R. C. LeCraw, “Acoustic wave rotation by magnon-phonon interaction,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 8, pp. 397–399, May 15, 1962.
137. H. Matthews and H. van de Vaart, “Magnetoelastic Love waves,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 373–375, December 1, 1969.
138. J. E. May, Jr., “Ultrasonic traveling-wave devices for communications,” IEEE Spectrum., vol. 2, pp. 73–85, October 1965.
139. J. H. McFee, “Transmission and amplification of acoustic waves in piezoelectric semiconductors,” in Physical Acoustics, W. P. Mason, Ed., vol. IV, pt. A, New York: Academic Press, 1966.
140. A. McGarr and L. E. Alsop, “Transmission and reflection of Rayleigh waves at vertical boundaries,” J. Geophys. Res., vol. 72, pp. 2169–2180, April 15, 1967.
141. R. C. McMaster, Ed., Nondestructive Testing Handbook. New York: Ronald, 1963.
142. A. H. Meitzler and H. F. Tiersten, “Elastic surface waveguide,” U. S. Patent 3 409 848, November 5, 1968.
143. Microwave J. 1970. The March 1970 issue of the Microwave J. is devoted to microwave acoustics.
144. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Many articles on surface waves are contained in the Special Issue on Microwave Acoustics, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 17, November 1969.
145. M. J. P. Musgrave, “On the propagation of elastic waves in aelotropic media. I. General principles. II. Media of hexagonal symmetry,” Proc. Roy. Soc., (London), vol. A 226, pp. 339–366, November 23, 1954.
146. M. J. P. Musgrave, “The propagation of elastic waves in crystals and other anisotropic media,” Rept. Prog. Phys., vol. 22, pp. 74–96, 1959.
147. A. A. Oliner, “Microwave network methods for guided elastic waves,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-17, pp. 812–826, November 1969.
148. A. B. Pippard, “Acoustic amplification in semiconductors and metals,” Phil. Mag., vol. 8, pp. 161–165, January 1963.
149. R. G. Pratt and T. C. Lim, “Acoustic surface waves on silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 403–405, December 15, 1969.
150. F. Press and J. Healy, “Absorption of Rayleigh waves in low-loss media,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 28, pp. 1323–1325, November 1957.
151. G. R. Pulliam, “Epitaxial materials for microsound applications,” NEREM Rec. 1968, pp. 174–175. (NEREM Confi., Boston, Mass., November 1968).
152. C. F. Quate, “On the theory of acoustic surface-wave amplification,” Microwave Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., Rept. 1687, September, 1968.
153. C. F. Quate, “Amplification of surface waves in a layered medium,” Stanford University M. L. Rept. 1810, November 1969; revised January 1970. To be published, Brit. J. Appl. Phys.
154. S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics. New York: Wiley, 1965.
155. Lord Rayleigh, “On waves propagated along the plane surface of an elastic solid,” Proc. London Math. Soc., vol. 17, pp. 4–11, November 1885.
156. Lord Rayleigh, Theory of Sound, 2nd ed. London: MacMillan, 1894. (New York: Dover, 1945).
157. T. M. Reeder and D. K. Winslow, “Characteristics of microwave acoustic transducers for volume wave excitation,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-17, pp. 927–941, November 1969.
158. B. A. Richardson and G. S. Kino, “Probing of elastic surface waves in piezoelectric media,” Appl. Phys. Let., vol. 16, pp. 82–84, January 15, 1970.
159. F. R. Rollins, Jr., “Ultrasonic reflectivity at a liquid-solid interface near the angle of incidence for total reflection,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 7, pp. 212–214, October 15, 1965.
160. F. R. Rollins, Jr., “Ultrasonic examination of liquid-solid boundaries using a right-angle reflector technique,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 44, pp. 431–436, August 1968.
161. F. R. Rollins, Jr., T. C. Lim, and G. W. Farnell, “Ultrasonic reflectivity and surface wave phenomena on surfaces of copper single crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 12, pp. 236–238, April 1, 1968.
162. J. D. Ross, S. J. Kapuscienski, and K. B. Daniels, “Variable delay line using ultrasonic surface waves,” IRE Conv. Rec. pt. 2, pp. 118–120, 1958.
163. P. M. Rowell, “Microwave ultrasonics,” Brit. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 14, pp. 60–68, 1963.
164. J. H. Rowen, “High frequency dispersive ultrasonic delay lines,” Paper J-6, presented at the 1964 Ultrasonics Symp., Santa Monica, Calif., October 14–16.
165. J. H. Rowen, “Tapped ultrasonic delay line and uses therefor,” U. S. Patent 3 289 114, November 29, 1966.
166. E. Salzmann, T. Pleininger, and K. Dransfeld, “Attenuation of elastic surface waves in quartz at frequencies of 316 MHz and 1047 MHz,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 14–15, July 1, 1968.
167. E. Salzmann and D. Weismann, “Optical detection of Rayleigh waves,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 40, pp. 3408–3409, July 1969.
168. E. Schloemann, R. I. Joseph, and T. Kohane, “Generation of spin waves in nonuniform magnetic fields, with application to magnetic delay lines,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 53, pp. 1495–1507, October 1965.
169. R. V. Schmidt, “Optical probe studies of the effect of surface discontinuities on the propagation of surface acoustic Waves,” M.Sc. thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1968.
170. R. V. Schmidt, private communication.
171. R. V. Schmidt and F. W. Voltmer, “Piezoelectric elastic surface waves in anisotropic layered media,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-17, pp. 920–926, November 1969.
172. P. Schnitzler, “Elastic surface waves in a layered system of cadmium sulfide on germanium,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 273–275, November 1, 1967.
173. M. B. Schultz, B. J. Matsinger, and M. G. Holland, “Temperature dependence of the surface acoustic wave velocity in quartz,” paper E-5, presented at the 1969 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., St. Louis, Mo., September 24–26. To be published, J. Appl. Phys.
174. H. Seidel and D. L. White, “Ultrasonic surface waveguides,” U. S. Patent 3 406 358, October 15, 1968.
175. R. J. Serafín, D. Fryberger, and M. Epstein, “Measurement of strain and velocity of ultrasonic surface waves,” Rev. Sci. Instr., vol. 38, pp. 1395–1397, October 1967.
176. H. J. Shaw, “Some research on thin film acoustic dispersive Delay lines in southern France,” Office of Naval Research, Washington, D. C., Rept. ONRL-R-23–69, May 1969.
177. E. K. Sittig and G. A. Coquin, “Filters and dispersive delay lines using repetitively mismatched ultrasonic transmission lines,” IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason., vol. SU-15, pp. 111–119, April 1968.
178. S. Sizgoric and A. A. Gundjian, “An optical homodyne technique for measurement of amplitude and phase of subangstrom ultrasonic vibrations,” Proc. IEEE (Letters), vol. 57, pp. 1313–1314, July 1969.
179. H. Skeie, “Characteristics of a surface wave interdigital transducer,” Litton Industries, San Carlos, Calif., Tech. Note TN69–3, January 17, 1969.
180. H. Skeie, “Energy exchange between piezoelectric surface waves and integral functional operators,” Litton Industries, Electron Tube Division Report, San Carlos, Calif., 1969.
181. A. J. Slobodnik, Jr., “Microwave frequency acoustic surface-wave propagation losses in LiNbO3,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 14, pp. 94–96, February 1, 1969.
182. A. J. Slobodnik, Jr., “Nonlinear effects in microwave acoustic surface wave delay lines,” paper A-4, presented at the 1969 Ultrasonics Symp., St. Louis, Mo., September 24–26.
183. A. J. Slobodnik, Jr., and E. D. Conway, “Microwave acoustics handbook, vol. 1: surface wave velocities,” USAF Cambridge Res. Labs., Bedford, Mass., Physical Science Research paper 414, March 1970.
184. A. J. Slobodnik, Jr., P. H. Carr, and A. J. Budreau, private communication.
185. A. B. Smith, M. Kestigian, R. W. Kedzie, and M. I. Grace, “Shearwave attenuation in lithium niobate,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 38, pp. 4928–4930, December 1967.
186. W. R. Smith, H. M. Gerard, J. H. Collins, T. M. Reeder, and H. J. Shaw, “Analysis of interdigital surface wave transducers by use of an equivalent circuit model,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-17, pp. 856–864, November 1969.
187. W. R. Smith, H. M. Gerard, J. H. Collins, T. M. Reeder, and H. J. Shaw, “Design of surface wave delay lines with interdigital transducers,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-17, pp. 865–873, November 1969.
188. B. H. Soffer, D. H. Close and M. E. Pedinoff, “An optical imaging method for direct observation and study of acoustic surface waves,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 339–342, November 15, 1969.
189. A. G. Sokolinskii, “Technique for the excitation and reception of surface waves,” Author's Certificate No. 19297, 1958. (Note: such a certificate, issued by the USSR State Committee for Inventors and Discoveries, is similar to a patent in western countries.)
190. L. Solymar, “Note on plasma, resistive wall, and acoustic amplifiers,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 35, pp. 3420–3421, November 1964.
191. L. Solymar, “Gain mechanisms of acoustic amplification,” Solid-State Electron., vol. 9, pp. 897–884, September 1966.
192. E. G. Spencer, P. V. Lenzo, and A. A. Ballman, “Dielectric materials for electrooptic, elastooptic, and ultrasonic device applications,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 55, pp. 2074–2108, December 1967.
193. W. D. Squire, H. J. Whitehouse, and J. M. Alsup, “Linear signal processing and ultrasonic transversal filters,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-17, pp. 1020–1040, November 1969.
194. SRI (Stanford Research Institute), “High information-density storage surfaces,” Menlo Park, Calif., R.&D. Tech. Rept. ECOM-01261–12, July 1968.
195. SRI (Stanford Research Institute), “High information-density storage surfaces,” Menlo Park, Calif., R.&D. Tech. Rept. ECOM-01261–14, December 1968.
196. E. Stem, “Microsound components, circuits, and applications,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-17, pp. 835–844, November 1969.
197. R. Stoneley, “Elastic waves at the surface of separation of two solids,” Proc. Roy. Soc., vol. A106, pp. 416–428, June 1924.
198. R. Stoneley, “The seismological implications of aeolotropy in continental structure,” Geophys. Suppl. to Mon. Notic. Roy. Astron. Soc., vol. vol. 5, pp. 343–353, 1949.
199. R. Stoneley, “The propagation of surface elastic waves in a cubic crystal,” Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), vol. A232, pp. 447–458, November 22, 1955.
200. L. O. Svaasand, “Interaction between elastic surface waves in piezoelectric materials,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 300–302, November 1, 1969.
201. J. L. Synge, “Flux of energy for elastic waves in anisotropic media,” Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. (Dublin), vol. A58, pp. 13–21, November 1956.
202. J. L. Synge, “Elastic waves in anisotropic media,” J. Math. Phys., vol. 35, pp. 323–334, January 1957.
203. O. I. Szentesi and E. A. Ash, “Acoustic image conversion using a stroboscopic electron mirror microscope,” paper K-8, presented at the 1969 Ultrasonics Symp., St. Louis, Mo., September 24–26.
204. R. H. Tancrell and M. G. Holland, “The use of surface ultrasonic waves for generalized filters at UHF,” paper G-1, presented at the 1969 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., St. Louis, Mo., September 24–26.
205. R. H. Tancrell, M. B. Schulz, H. H. Barrett, L. Davis, Jr., and M. G. Holland, “Dispersive delay lines using ultrasonic surface waves,” Proc. IEEE (Letters), vol. 57, pp. 1211–1213, June 1969.
206. P. E. Tannenwald, “Microwave ultrasonics,” Microwave J., vol. 6, pp. 61–64, 1963.
207. S. W. Tehon and S. Wanuga, “Microwave acoustics,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 52, pp. 1113–1127, October 1964.
208. P. K. Tien, “Traveling acoustic wave amplifier utilizing piezoelectric material,” U. S. Patent 3 158 819, November 24, 1964.
209. H. F. Tiersten, “Elastic surface waves guided by thin films,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 40, pp. 770–789, February 1969.
210. H. F. Tiersten, Linear Piezoelectric Plate Vibrations. New York: Plenum, 1969.
211. A. Tonning and K. A. Ingebrigtsen, “Propagation and excitation of elastic waves in crystals,” Electronics Research Lab., Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Elab Rept. TE-74, June 1967.
212. P. Tournois and J. Bertheas, “Use of dispersive delay lines for signal processing in underwater acoustics,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 46, pt. 1, pp. 517–531, September 1969.
213. C. C. Tseng, “Propagation and amplification of surface elastic waves on hexagonal piezoelectric crystals,” Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1966.
214. C. C. Tseng, “Elastic surface waves on free surface and metallized surface of CdS, ZnO, and PZT-4,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 38, pp. 4281–4284, October 1967.
215. C. C. Tseng, “Frequency response of an interdigital transducer for excitation of surface elastic waves,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-15, pp. 586–594, August 1968.
216. C. C. Tseng and R. M. White, “Propagation of piezoelectric and elastic surface waves on the basal plane of hexagonal piezoelectric media,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 38, pp. 4274–4280, October 1967.
217. C. C. Tseng, “On piezoelectric Rayleigh waves in 43 m crystals,” to be published.
218. C. C. Tseng, “Piezoelectric Rayleigh waves in cubic and orthorhombic crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 253–255, March 15, 1970.
219. R. Tsu, “Radiation by uniformly moving charged particles in piezoelectric solids,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 35, pp. 125–130, January 1964.
220. C. W. Turner, A Shomon, and R. M. White, “Reduced-voltage operation of a surface elastic wave amplifier,” Electron. Lett., vol. 5, May 29, 1969.
221. P. A. Van Berkum, “Analysis of a two-layer traveling surface-wave amplifier,” Ph.D. dissertation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, 111., January 1968.
222. A. P. van den Heuvel, “Acoustic microelectronics—a new hybrid technology,” presented at 1968 Hybrid Microelectronic Symp., Chicago, 111.
223. A. P. van den Heuvel, “Surface-wave electronics,” Sci. Technol., vol. 6, pp. 52–60, January 1969.
224. A. P. van den Heuvel, D. B. Owen, and S. G. Joshi, “The hybrid transducer,” paper C-8, presented at the 1969 IEEE Uultrasonics Symp., St. Louis, Mo., September 24–26.
225. A. P. van den Heuvel and R. J. Seraphin, “Thin film surface wave transducer,” post-deadline paper, presented at the 1967 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., Vancouver, Canada, October 4–6.
226. L. J. van der Pauw, “The planar transducer—a new type of transducer for exciting longitudinal acoustic waves,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 129–131, August 1, 1966.
227. H. van de Vaart and H. Matthews, “Magnetoelastic Love waves in a magnetic layered nonmagnetic substrate,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 222–224, March 1, 1970.
228. T. Van Duzer, “Lenses and graded films for focusing and guiding acoustic surface waves,” this issue, pp. 1230–1237.
229. I. A. Viktorov, Rayleigh and Lamb Waves. New York: Plenum, 1967.
230. K. N. Vinogradov and G. K. Ul'yanov, “Measurement of the velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic surface waves in hard materials,” Sov. Phys.–Acoust., vol. 5, pp. 296–299, February 1960.
231. F. W. Voltmer, E. P. Ippen, R. M. White, T. C. Lim, and G. W. Farnell, “Measured and calculated surface-wave velocities,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 56, pp. 1634–1635, September 1968.
232. F. W. Voltmer, R. M. White, and C. W. Turner, “Magnetostrictive generation of surface elastic waves,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 153–154, September 1, 1969.
233. R. A. Waldron, “Some problems in the theory of guided microsonic waves,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-17, pp. 893–904, November 1969.
234. W. C. Wang, “Propagation and amplification of ultrasonic waves in a layered structure of quartz-liquid-CdS,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 41, pp. 1–3 January 1970.
235. A. W. Warner, M. Onoe, and G. A. Coquin, “Determination of elastic and piezoelectric constants for crystals in class (3m),” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 42, pp. 1223–1231, December 1967.
236. F. S. Welsh and R. T. Smith, private communication.
237. C. P. Wen and R. F. Mayo, “Acoustic attenuation of a single-domain lithium niobate crystal at microwave frequencies,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 135–136, August 15, 1966.
238. C. P. Wen, R. F. Mayo, and P. Schnitzler, “Mechanically variable acoustic surface-wave delay line with a noncontracting transducer,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 41, pp. 1372–1373, May 1967.
239. D. L. White, “Amplification of ultrasonic waves in piezoelectric semiconductors,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 33, pp. 2547–2554, August 1962.
240. D. L. White, “Sonic cricuits: a wave guide system for ultrasonic surface waves,” paper N-l, presented at the 1967 Ultrasonics Symp., Vancouver, Canada, October 4–6.
241. R. M. White, “Surface elastic-wave propagation and amplification,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-14, pp. 181–189, April 1967.
242. R. M. White and F. W. Voltmer, “Direct piezoelectric coupling to surface elastic waves,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 7, pp. 314–316, December 15, 1965.
243. R. M. White and F. W. Voltmer, “Ultrasonic surface-wave amplification in cadmium sulfide,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 8, pp. 40–42, January 15, 1966.
244. R. L. Whitman and A. Korpel, “Probing of acoustic surface perturbations by coherent light,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., to be published.
245. R. L. Whitman, L. J. Laub, and W. J. Bates, “Acoustic surface displacement measurements on a wedge-shaped transducer using an optical probe technique,” IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason., vol. SU-15, pp. 186–189, July 1968.
246. H. H. Wieder, private communication.
247. K. Yoshida and M. Yamanishi, “Interaction between surface elastic waves and drifting carriers in layered system,” Japan. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 7, pp. 1143–1144, September 1968.