메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue , 2003, Pages 161-213

Scale effects and extrapolation in ecological experiments

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0013541562     PISSN: 00652504     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2504(03)33011-9     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (148)

References (218)
  • 1
    • 0034817171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Describing and quantifying interspecific interactions: a commentary on recent approaches
    • P.A. Abrams Describing and quantifying interspecific interactions: a commentary on recent approaches Oikos 94 2001 209 218
    • (2001) Oikos , vol.94 , pp. 209-218
    • Abrams, P.A.1
  • 2
    • 0002822978 scopus 로고
    • Role of heterogeneity in scaling of ecological systems under analysis
    • T.H.F. Allen T.W. Hoeckstra Role of heterogeneity in scaling of ecological systems under analysis J. Kolasa S.T.A. Picket Ecological Heterogeneity 1991 Springer-Verlag New York 47 68
    • (1991) , pp. 47-68
    • Allen, T.H.F.1    Hoeckstra, T.W.2
  • 3
    • 0032906473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of patch size on colonization in estuaries: revisiting the species-area relationship
    • M.J. Anderson Effects of patch size on colonization in estuaries: revisiting the species-area relationship Oecologia 118 1998 87 98
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.118 , pp. 87-98
    • Anderson, M.J.1
  • 4
    • 0032421772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The scale of habitat fragmentation affects herbivore response to vegetation heterogeneity
    • J.E. Banks The scale of habitat fragmentation affects herbivore response to vegetation heterogeneity Oecologia 117 1998 239 246
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.117 , pp. 239-246
    • Banks, J.E.1
  • 5
    • 0032885096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential response of two agroecosystem predators, Pterostichus melanarius (Coleoptera:Carabidae) and Coccinella septempunctata (Coleotera: Coccinellidae), to habitat-composition and fragmentation-scale manipulations
    • J.E. Banks Differential response of two agroecosystem predators, Pterostichus melanarius (Coleoptera:Carabidae) and Coccinella septempunctata (Coleotera: Coccinellidae), to habitat-composition and fragmentation-scale manipulations Can. Ent. 131 1999 645 657
    • (1999) Can. Ent. , vol.131 , pp. 645-657
    • Banks, J.E.1
  • 6
    • 0000422754 scopus 로고
    • Experimental manipulation of algal bloom composition by nitrogen addition
    • J. Barica H. Kling J. Gibson Experimental manipulation of algal bloom composition by nitrogen addition Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37 1980 1175 1183
    • (1980) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 1175-1183
    • Barica, J.1    Kling, H.2    Gibson, J.3
  • 7
    • 0030620791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inference and generality in ecology: Current problems and an experimental solution
    • M.W. Beck Inference and generality in ecology: Current problems and an experimental solution Oikos 78 1997 265 273
    • (1997) Oikos , vol.78 , pp. 265-273
    • Beck, M.W.1
  • 8
    • 0024915448 scopus 로고
    • Interspecific competition increases local extinction rate in metapopulation system
    • J. Bengtsson Interspecific competition increases local extinction rate in metapopulation system Nature 340 1989 713 715
    • (1989) Nature , vol.340 , pp. 713-715
    • Bengtsson, J.1
  • 9
    • 0027451249 scopus 로고
    • Interspecific competition and determinants of extinction in experimental populations of three rockpool Daphnia species
    • J. Bengtsson Interspecific competition and determinants of extinction in experimental populations of three rockpool Daphnia species Oikos 67 1993 451 464
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.67 , pp. 451-464
    • Bengtsson, J.1
  • 10
    • 0036309736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale-dependent effects of aggregative behaviour on predation rate in experimental systems
    • U. Bergström G. Englund Scale-dependent effects of aggregative behaviour on predation rate in experimental systems Oikos 97 2002 251 259
    • (2002) Oikos , vol.97 , pp. 251-259
    • Bergström, U.1    Englund, G.2
  • 12
    • 0002330405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The logic, value and necessity of grounding experiments in reality: an essenntial link in the inferential chain back to nature
    • J. Bernardo The logic, value and necessity of grounding experiments in reality: an essenntial link in the inferential chain back to nature W.J. Resetarits J. Bernardo Experimental ecology: Issues and Perspectives 1998 Oxford University Press Oxford 370 393
    • (1998) , pp. 370-393
    • Bernardo, J.1
  • 13
    • 0032741084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling food chains in aquatic mesocosms: do the effects of depth override the effects of planktivory?
    • A. Bertolo G. Lacroix F. Lescher-Moutoué Scaling food chains in aquatic mesocosms: do the effects of depth override the effects of planktivory? Oecologia 121 1999 55 65
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.121 , pp. 55-65
    • Bertolo, A.1    Lacroix, G.2    Lescher-Moutoué, F.3
  • 14
    • 0001234766 scopus 로고
    • Can results from limnocorral experiments be transferred to in situ conditionss?
    • J. Bloesch P. Bossard H. Bührer H.R. Bürgi U. Uehlinger Can results from limnocorral experiments be transferred to in situ conditionss? Hydrobiol. 159 1988 297 308
    • (1988) Hydrobiol. , vol.159 , pp. 297-308
    • Bloesch, J.1    Bossard, P.2    Bührer, H.3    Bürgi, H.R.4    Uehlinger, U.5
  • 15
    • 0003387382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of spatial autocorrelation on a fixed-effect model used to evaluate treatment of oil spills
    • C.D. Bonham R.M. Reich Influence of spatial autocorrelation on a fixed-effect model used to evaluate treatment of oil spills Applied Mathematics and Computation 106 1999 149 162
    • (1999) Applied Mathematics and Computation , vol.106 , pp. 149-162
    • Bonham, C.D.1    Reich, R.M.2
  • 16
    • 0032841166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled, hierarchical study of habitat fragmentation: responses at the individual level, patch, and landscape scale
    • M.A. Bowers J.L. Dooley A controlled, hierarchical study of habitat fragmentation: responses at the individual level, patch, and landscape scale Landscape Ecology 14 1999 381 389
    • (1999) Landscape Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 381-389
    • Bowers, M.A.1    Dooley, J.L.2
  • 17
    • 0000333908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations of minimum experimental plot size and succession of aphidophaga in West Virginia, USA, apple orchards
    • M.W. Brown G.W. Lightner Recommendations of minimum experimental plot size and succession of aphidophaga in West Virginia, USA, apple orchards Entomophaga 42 1997 257 267
    • (1997) Entomophaga , vol.42 , pp. 257-267
    • Brown, M.W.1    Lightner, G.W.2
  • 18
  • 19
    • 0028162565 scopus 로고
    • Recognition of nutrient and light limitation in turbid mixed layers: three approaches compared in the Panamá floodplain (Argentina)
    • R. Carignan D. Planas Recognition of nutrient and light limitation in turbid mixed layers: three approaches compared in the Panamá floodplain (Argentina) Limn. Oceanogr. 39 1994 580 596
    • (1994) Limn. Oceanogr. , vol.39 , pp. 580-596
    • Carignan, R.1    Planas, D.2
  • 20
    • 3042757014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microcosm experiments have limited relevance for community and ecosystem ecology
    • S.R. Carpenter Microcosm experiments have limited relevance for community and ecosystem ecology Ecology 77 1996 677 680
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 677-680
    • Carpenter, S.R.1
  • 21
    • 0031979463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial modeling of butterfly species richness using tiger beetles (Cicindelidae) as a bioindicator taxon
    • S.S. Carrol D.L. Pearson Spatial modeling of butterfly species richness using tiger beetles (Cicindelidae) as a bioindicator taxon Ecol. Appl. 8 1998 531 543
    • (1998) Ecol. Appl. , vol.8 , pp. 531-543
    • Carrol, S.S.1    Pearson, D.L.2
  • 22
    • 0030885544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal scaling of periphyton growth on walls of estuarine mesocosms
    • C.C. Chen J.E. Petersen W.M. Kemp Spatial and temporal scaling of periphyton growth on walls of estuarine mesocosms Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 155 1997 1 15
    • (1997) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.155 , pp. 1-15
    • Chen, C.C.1    Petersen, J.E.2    Kemp, W.M.3
  • 23
    • 17444418332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial scales in the study of reef fishes: a theoretical perspective
    • P. Chesson Spatial scales in the study of reef fishes: a theoretical perspective Aust. J. Ecol. 23 1998 209 215
    • (1998) Aust. J. Ecol. , vol.23 , pp. 209-215
    • Chesson, P.1
  • 24
    • 0020438561 scopus 로고
    • Fish feeding and the structure of benthic communities in temperate waters
    • J.H. Choat Fish feeding and the structure of benthic communities in temperate waters Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 13 1982 423 449
    • (1982) Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.13 , pp. 423-449
    • Choat, J.H.1
  • 25
    • 0002358744 scopus 로고
    • Field experiments in biomonitoring
    • S.D. Cooper L.A. Barmuta Field experiments in biomonitoring D.M. Rosenberg V.H. Resh Freshwater Biomonitoring and Benthic Invertebrates 1993 Chapman and Hall New York 399 441
    • (1993) , pp. 399-441
    • Cooper, S.D.1    Barmuta, L.A.2
  • 27
    • 17444377226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of scale for patterns and processes in stream ecology
    • S.D. Cooper S. Diehl K. Kratz O. Sarnelle Implications of scale for patterns and processes in stream ecology Aust. J. Ecol. 23 1998 27 40
    • (1998) Aust. J. Ecol. , vol.23 , pp. 27-40
    • Cooper, S.D.1    Diehl, S.2    Kratz, K.3    Sarnelle, O.4
  • 28
    • 0001115136 scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors affecting predation rates of Mysis relicta
    • S.D. Cooper C.R. Goldman Environmental factors affecting predation rates of Mysis relicta Can. J. Fish. Aq. Sci. 39 1982 203 208
    • (1982) Can. J. Fish. Aq. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 203-208
    • Cooper, S.D.1    Goldman, C.R.2
  • 29
    • 0025597317 scopus 로고
    • Prey exchange rates and the impact of predators on prey populations in streams
    • S.D. Cooper S.J. Walde B.L. Peckarsky Prey exchange rates and the impact of predators on prey populations in streams Ecology 71 1990 1503 1514
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1503-1514
    • Cooper, S.D.1    Walde, S.J.2    Peckarsky, B.L.3
  • 30
    • 0003548569 scopus 로고
    • Statistics for Spatial Data
    • A.N.C. Cressie Statistics for Spatial Data 1993 Wiley New York
    • (1993)
    • Cressie, A.N.C.1
  • 31
    • 0000785246 scopus 로고
    • Effective size and the persistence of ecosystems
    • P.H. Crowley Effective size and the persistence of ecosystems Oecologia 35 1979 185 195
    • (1979) Oecologia , vol.35 , pp. 185-195
    • Crowley, P.H.1
  • 32
    • 0032807582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prey dispersal on predator-prey interactions in streams
    • J. Dahl L. Greenberg Effects of prey dispersal on predator-prey interactions in streams Freshw. Biol. 41 1999 771 780
    • (1999) Freshw. Biol. , vol.41 , pp. 771-780
    • Dahl, J.1    Greenberg, L.2
  • 33
    • 0031716673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a benthivorous and a drift-feeding fish on a benthic stream assemblage
    • J. Dahl Effects of a benthivorous and a drift-feeding fish on a benthic stream assemblage Oecologia 116 1998 426 432
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.116 , pp. 426-432
    • Dahl, J.1
  • 34
    • 85112905311 scopus 로고
    • Mobility versus density-limited predator-prey dynamics on different spatial scales
    • A.M. deRoos E. McCauley W.G. Wilson Mobility versus density-limited predator-prey dynamics on different spatial scales Proc. Royal Soc. London, B. 240 1991 607 627
    • (1991) , pp. 607-627
    • deRoos, A.M.1    McCauley, E.2    Wilson, W.G.3
  • 35
    • 0001972564 scopus 로고
    • Overview: laboratory experiments, field experiments, and natural experiments
    • J. Diamond Overview: laboratory experiments, field experiments, and natural experiments J. Diamond T.J. Case Community Ecology 1986 Harper and Row New York 3 22
    • (1986) , pp. 3-22
    • Diamond, J.1
  • 36
    • 0022822916 scopus 로고
    • The controlled assembly of microcosmic communities: the selective extinction hypothesis
    • J.E. Dickerson Jr. J.V. Robinson The controlled assembly of microcosmic communities: the selective extinction hypothesis Oecologia 71 1986 12 17 (Berlin)
    • (1986) Oecologia , vol.71 , pp. 12-17
    • Dickerson, J.E.1    Robinson, J.V.2
  • 37
    • 0023513442 scopus 로고
    • Size-dependent processes underlying regularities in ecosystem structure
    • L.M. Dickie P.R. Boudreau Size-dependent processes underlying regularities in ecosystem structure Ecol. Monogr. 57 1987 233 250
    • (1987) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.57 , pp. 233-250
    • Dickie, L.M.1    Boudreau, P.R.2
  • 38
    • 0003406406 scopus 로고
    • Time Series: A Biostatistical Introduction
    • P. Diggle Time Series: A Biostatistical Introduction 1990 Clarendon Press Oxford
    • (1990)
    • Diggle, P.1
  • 39
    • 0000433187 scopus 로고
    • Predation on juvenile coral reef fishes: an exclusion experiment
    • P.J. Doherty P.F. Sale Predation on juvenile coral reef fishes: an exclusion experiment Coral Reefs 4 1985 225 234
    • (1985) Coral Reefs , vol.4 , pp. 225-234
    • Doherty, P.J.1    Sale, P.F.2
  • 40
    • 0033406121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics and spatial scale: effects of system size on population persistence
    • D. Donalson R.M. Nisbet Population dynamics and spatial scale: effects of system size on population persistence Ecology 80 1999 2492 2507
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 2492-2507
    • Donalson, D.1    Nisbet, R.M.2
  • 41
    • 0002975540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of experimental approaches in marine microbial ecology
    • C.M. Duarte J.M. Gasol D. Vaqué Role of experimental approaches in marine microbial ecology Aquatic Microbial Ecology 13 1997 101 111
    • (1997) Aquatic Microbial Ecology , vol.13 , pp. 101-111
    • Duarte, C.M.1    Gasol, J.M.2    Vaqué, D.3
  • 43
    • 0028177721 scopus 로고
    • The effect of spatial scale of treatment with dimethoate on invertebrate population recovery in winter wheat
    • S.J. Duffield N.J. Aebischer The effect of spatial scale of treatment with dimethoate on invertebrate population recovery in winter wheat J. Appl. Ecol. 33 1994 263 281
    • (1994) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.33 , pp. 263-281
    • Duffield, S.J.1    Aebischer, N.J.2
  • 44
    • 0027800344 scopus 로고
    • Spatial heterogeneity and the design of ecological field experiments
    • P. Dutilleul Spatial heterogeneity and the design of ecological field experiments Ecology 74 1993 1646 1658
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 1646-1658
    • Dutilleul, P.1
  • 45
    • 0002882051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating scale in ecological experiments: data analysis
    • P. Dutilleul Incorporating scale in ecological experiments: data analysis D.L. Petersen V.T. Parker Ecological Scale 1998 Columbia University Press New York 387 425
    • (1998) , pp. 387-425
    • Dutilleul, P.1
  • 46
    • 0002882051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating scale in ecological experiments: study design
    • P. Dutilleul Incorporating scale in ecological experiments: study design D.L. Petersen V.T. Parker Ecological Scale 1998 Columbia University Press New York 369 386
    • (1998) , pp. 369-386
    • Dutilleul, P.1
  • 47
    • 0035927612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pair approximation for lattice models with multiple interaction scales
    • S.P. Ellner Pair approximation for lattice models with multiple interaction scales J. Theor. Biol. 210 2001 435 447
    • (2001) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.210 , pp. 435-447
    • Ellner, S.P.1
  • 48
    • 0031401030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of spatial scale and prey movements in predator caging experiments
    • G. Englund Effects of spatial scale and prey movements in predator caging experiments Ecology 78 1997 2316 2325
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 2316-2325
    • Englund, G.1
  • 49
    • 0032713036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fish predation on the local distribution of crayfish in stream pools
    • G. Englund Effects of fish predation on the local distribution of crayfish in stream pools Oikos 87 1999 48 56
    • (1999) Oikos , vol.87 , pp. 48-56
    • Englund, G.1
  • 50
    • 0033958963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crayfish habitat use in stream pools: influence of predators, depth and body size
    • G. Englund J. Krupa Crayfish habitat use in stream pools: influence of predators, depth and body size Freshw. Biol. 43 2000 75 83
    • (2000) Freshw. Biol. , vol.43 , pp. 75-83
    • Englund, G.1    Krupa, J.2
  • 51
    • 0030303293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment effects in a predator caging experiment: influence of predation rate and prey movements
    • G. Englund T.I. Olsson Treatment effects in a predator caging experiment: influence of predation rate and prey movements Oikos 77 1996 519 528
    • (1996) Oikos , vol.77 , pp. 519-528
    • Englund, G.1    Olsson, T.I.2
  • 52
    • 0033003518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of selection criteria in meta-analyses: an analysis of stream predation experiments
    • G. Englund O. Sarnelle S.D. Cooper Importance of selection criteria in meta-analyses: an analysis of stream predation experiments Ecology 80 1999 1132 1141
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 1132-1141
    • Englund, G.1    Sarnelle, O.2    Cooper, S.D.3
  • 53
    • 0005470832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of selection criteria in meta-analyses: an analysis of stream predation experiments
    • G. Englund O. Sarnelle S.D. Cooper Importance of selection criteria in meta-analyses: an analysis of stream predation experiments Ecological Archives E080-007 1999
    • (1999) Ecological Archives E080-007
    • Englund, G.1    Sarnelle, O.2    Cooper, S.D.3
  • 54
    • 0001673024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of a model of scale dependence to quantify scale-domains in open predation experiments
    • G. Englund S.D. Cooper O. Sarnelle Application of a model of scale dependence to quantify scale-domains in open predation experiments Oikos 92 2001 501 514
    • (2001) Oikos , vol.92 , pp. 501-514
    • Englund, G.1    Cooper, S.D.2    Sarnelle, O.3
  • 55
    • 0001352869 scopus 로고
    • Stirring influences the phytoplankton species composition within enclosed columns of coastal sea water
    • R.W. Eppley P. Koeller G.T. Wallace Stirring influences the phytoplankton species composition within enclosed columns of coastal sea water J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 32 1978 219 239
    • (1978) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.32 , pp. 219-239
    • Eppley, R.W.1    Koeller, P.2    Wallace, G.T.3
  • 56
    • 0033517135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predator caging experiments: a test of the importance of scale
    • T.F. Fernandes M. Huxham S.R. Piper Predator caging experiments: a test of the importance of scale J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 241 1999 137 154
    • (1999) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.241 , pp. 137-154
    • Fernandes, T.F.1    Huxham, M.2    Piper, S.R.3
  • 57
    • 0034895527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing approximation to spatio-temporal models for epidemics with local spread
    • J.A.N. Filipe G.J. Gibson Comparing approximation to spatio-temporal models for epidemics with local spread Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 63 2001 603 624
    • (2001) Bulletin of Mathematical Biology , vol.63 , pp. 603-624
    • Filipe, J.A.N.1    Gibson, G.J.2
  • 59
    • 0030620504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory effects of microcosm size and the pesticide Chlorpyrifos on benthic macroinvertebrate colonization of soft estuarine sediments
    • D.A. Flemer B.F. Ruth C.M. Bundrick J.C. Moore Laboratory effects of microcosm size and the pesticide Chlorpyrifos on benthic macroinvertebrate colonization of soft estuarine sediments Marine Environmental Research 43 1997 243 263
    • (1997) Marine Environmental Research , vol.43 , pp. 243-263
    • Flemer, D.A.1    Ruth, B.F.2    Bundrick, C.M.3    Moore, J.C.4
  • 60
    • 0028181279 scopus 로고
    • Influences of predatory fish on the drift dispersal and local density of stream insects
    • G.E. Forrester Influences of predatory fish on the drift dispersal and local density of stream insects Ecology 75 1994 1208 1218
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 1208-1218
    • Forrester, G.E.1
  • 61
    • 0003915274 scopus 로고
    • Populations in a Seasonal Environment
    • S.D. Fretwell Populations in a Seasonal Environment 1972 Princeton University Press Princeton New Jersey
    • (1972)
    • Fretwell, S.D.1
  • 62
    • 0001940786 scopus 로고
    • Scale in the design and interpretation of aquatic community research
    • T.M. Frost D.L. DeAngelis S.M. Bartell D.J. Hall S.H. Hurlbert Scale in the design and interpretation of aquatic community research S.R. Carpenter Complex Interactions in Lake Communities 1988 Springer-Verlag New York
    • (1988)
    • Frost, T.M.1    DeAngelis, D.L.2    Bartell, S.M.3    Hall, D.J.4    Hurlbert, S.H.5
  • 63
    • 0001602955 scopus 로고
    • Predatory feeding of two marine mysids
    • R.S. Fulton Predatory feeding of two marine mysids Mar. Biol. 72 1982 183 191
    • (1982) Mar. Biol. , vol.72 , pp. 183-191
    • Fulton, R.S.1
  • 64
    • 0001850141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern, process, and the analysis of spatial scales
    • R.H. Gardner Pattern, process, and the analysis of spatial scales D.L. Peterson V.T. Parker Ecological Scale 1998 Columbia University Press New York 3 17
    • (1998) , pp. 3-17
    • Gardner, R.H.1
  • 66
    • 84983844772 scopus 로고
    • Enrichment experiments for determining nutrient limitation: Four methods compared
    • D.Z. Gerhart G.E. Likens Enrichment experiments for determining nutrient limitation: Four methods compared Limnol. Oceanogr. 76 1975 649 653
    • (1975) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.76 , pp. 649-653
    • Gerhart, D.Z.1    Likens, G.E.2
  • 67
    • 0018658042 scopus 로고
    • Current 14C methods for measuring primary production: gross underestimates in oceanic water
    • 14C methods for measuring primary production: gross underestimates in oceanic water Netherl. J. Sea Res. 13 1979 58 78
    • (1979) Netherl. J. Sea Res. , vol.13 , pp. 58-78
    • Gieskes, W.W.C.1    Kraay, G.W.2    Baars, M.A.3
  • 69
    • 0031551453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of experimental conditions on the feeding rate of Mysis mixta (Crustacea, Mysidacea)
    • E. Gorokhova S. Hansson Effects of experimental conditions on the feeding rate of Mysis mixta (Crustacea, Mysidacea) Hydrobiol. 355 1997 167 172
    • (1997) Hydrobiol. , vol.355 , pp. 167-172
    • Gorokhova, E.1    Hansson, S.2
  • 70
    • 0033984537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-organization, scale and stability in a spatial predator-prey interaction
    • W.S.C. Gurney A.R. Veitch Self-organization, scale and stability in a spatial predator-prey interaction Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 62 2000 61 86
    • (2000) Bulletin of Mathematical Biology , vol.62 , pp. 61-86
    • Gurney, W.S.C.1    Veitch, A.R.2
  • 71
    • 0006988690 scopus 로고
    • Ecological Experiments: Purpose, Design, and Execution
    • N.G. Hairston Ecological Experiments: Purpose, Design, and Execution 1989 Cambridge University Press Cambridge
    • (1989)
    • Hairston, N.G.1
  • 72
    • 0026289959 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of recolonisation and the importance of pit-digging by the crab Cancer pagurus in a subtidal sand habitat
    • S.J. Hall D.J. Basford M.R. Robertson D.G. Raffaelli I. Tuck Patterns of recolonisation and the importance of pit-digging by the crab Cancer pagurus in a subtidal sand habitat Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 72 1991 93 102
    • (1991) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.72 , pp. 93-102
    • Hall, S.J.1    Basford, D.J.2    Robertson, M.R.3    Raffaelli, D.G.4    Tuck, I.5
  • 73
    • 0027455849 scopus 로고
    • Pit-digging by the crab Cancer pagurus: a test for long-term, large-scale effects on infaunal community structure
    • S.J. Hall M.R. Robertson D.J. Basford R. Fryer Pit-digging by the crab Cancer pagurus : a test for long-term, large-scale effects on infaunal community structure J. Anim. Ecol. 62 1993 59 66
    • (1993) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.62 , pp. 59-66
    • Hall, S.J.1    Robertson, M.R.2    Basford, D.J.3    Fryer, R.4
  • 74
    • 0002089539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-population dynamics: from concepts and observation to predictive models
    • I. Hanski Meta-population dynamics: from concepts and observation to predictive models I.A. Hanski M.E. Gilpin Meta-population Biology 1997 Academic Press London 69 92
    • (1997) , pp. 69-92
    • Hanski, I.1
  • 75
    • 0033973168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the parameters of survival and migration of individuals in metapopulations
    • I. Hanski J. Alho A. Moilanen Estimating the parameters of survival and migration of individuals in metapopulations Ecology 81 2000 239 251
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 239-251
    • Hanski, I.1    Alho, J.2    Moilanen, A.3
  • 76
    • 0002623747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of spatially distributed host-parasitoid systems
    • M.P. Hassel H.B. Wilson The dynamics of spatially distributed host-parasitoid systems D. Tilman P. Kareiva Spatial Ecology: The Role of Space in Population Dynamics and Interspecific Interactions 1997 Princeton University Press New Jersey 75 110
    • (1997) , pp. 75-110
    • Hassel, M.P.1    Wilson, H.B.2
  • 77
    • 85112946761 scopus 로고
    • A. Hastings G. Sugihara Fractals, A User's Guide for the Natural Sciences 1993 Oxford University Press Oxford
    • (1993)
    • Hastings, A.1    Sugihara, G.2
  • 78
    • 0027522308 scopus 로고
    • Effects of area and patchiness on species richness: an experimental archipelago of ciliate microcosms
    • A. Have Effects of area and patchiness on species richness: an experimental archipelago of ciliate microcosms Oikos 66 1993 493 500
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.66 , pp. 493-500
    • Have, A.1
  • 80
    • 0030389962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On species-area relations
    • F.L. He P. Legendre On species-area relations Am. Nat. 148 1996 719 737
    • (1996) Am. Nat. , vol.148 , pp. 719-737
    • He, F.L.1    Legendre, P.2
  • 81
    • 0037525061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating and modeling foraging performance of planktivorous and piscivorous fish: effects of containment and issues of scale
    • R.M. Heath E.D. Houde Evaluating and modeling foraging performance of planktivorous and piscivorous fish: effects of containment and issues of scale R.H. Gardner W.M. Kemp V.S. Kennedy J.E. Petersen Scaling Relations in Experimental Ecology 2001 Columbia University Press New York 191 222
    • (2001) , pp. 191-222
    • Heath, R.M.1    Houde, E.D.2
  • 82
    • 0033037138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The meta-analysis of response ratios in experimental ecology
    • L.V. Hedges J. Gurevitch P. Curtis The meta-analysis of response ratios in experimental ecology Ecology 80 1999 1150 1156
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 1150-1156
    • Hedges, L.V.1    Gurevitch, J.2    Curtis, P.3
  • 84
    • 0033747999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat subdivision causes changes in food web structure
    • M. Holyoak Habitat subdivision causes changes in food web structure Ecology Letters 3 2000 509 515
    • (2000) Ecology Letters , vol.3 , pp. 509-515
    • Holyoak, M.1
  • 85
    • 0034490565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of nutrient enrichment on predator-prey metapopulation dynamics
    • M. Holyoak Effects of nutrient enrichment on predator-prey metapopulation dynamics Journal of Animal Ecology 69 2000 985 997
    • (2000) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 985-997
    • Holyoak, M.1
  • 86
    • 0030433324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of an extinction-prone predator-prey interaction through metapopulation dynamics
    • M. Holyoak S.P. Lawler Persistence of an extinction-prone predator-prey interaction through metapopulation dynamics Ecology 77 1996 1867 1879
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1867-1879
    • Holyoak, M.1    Lawler, S.P.2
  • 87
    • 0000809487 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies on predation: dispersion factors and predator prey oscillations
    • B. Huffaker Experimental studies on predation: dispersion factors and predator prey oscillations Hilgardia 27 1958 343 383
    • (1958) Hilgardia , vol.27 , pp. 343-383
    • Huffaker, B.1
  • 88
    • 0032814698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species dynamics in phytoplankton blooms: incomplete mixing and competition for light
    • J. Huisman P. van Oostveen F.J. Weissing Species dynamics in phytoplankton blooms: incomplete mixing and competition for light Am. Nat. 154 1999 46 68
    • (1999) Am. Nat. , vol.154 , pp. 46-68
    • Huisman, J.1    van Oostveen, P.2    Weissing, F.J.3
  • 89
    • 0000383912 scopus 로고
    • Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments
    • S.J. Hurlbert Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments Ecol. Monogr. 54 1984 187 211
    • (1984) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.54 , pp. 187-211
    • Hurlbert, S.J.1
  • 90
    • 0027510828 scopus 로고
    • Predicting space use responses to habitat fragmentation: can voles Microtus oeconomus serve as an experimental model system (EMS) for capercaillie grouse Tetrao urogallus in boreal forest?
    • R.A. Ims J. Rolstad P. Wegge Predicting space use responses to habitat fragmentation: can voles Microtus oeconomus serve as an experimental model system (EMS) for capercaillie grouse Tetrao urogallus in boreal forest? Biol. Cons. 63 1993 261 268
    • (1993) Biol. Cons. , vol.63 , pp. 261-268
    • Ims, R.A.1    Rolstad, J.2    Wegge, P.3
  • 91
    • 0031668707 scopus 로고
    • Predation risk from piscivorous fish influencing the diel use of macrophytes by planktivorous fish in experimental ponds
    • L. Jacobsen M.B. Perrow Predation risk from piscivorous fish influencing the diel use of macrophytes by planktivorous fish in experimental ponds Ecol. Freshw. Fish 7 1990 78 86
    • (1990) Ecol. Freshw. Fish , vol.7 , pp. 78-86
    • Jacobsen, L.1    Perrow, M.B.2
  • 92
    • 0022172035 scopus 로고
    • Finding and loosing host plants by Phyllotreta: patch size and surrounding habitat
    • P. Kareiva Finding and loosing host plants by Phyllotreta: patch size and surrounding habitat Ecology 66 1985 1809 1816
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 1809-1816
    • Kareiva, P.1
  • 93
    • 0002191573 scopus 로고
    • Spatial aspects of species interactions: the wedding of models and experiments
    • P. Kareiva M. Anderson Spatial aspects of species interactions: the wedding of models and experiments A. Hastings Community Ecology: Lecture Notes in Biomathematics 1988 Springer Verlag New York 35 50
    • (1988) , pp. 35-50
    • Kareiva, P.1    Anderson, M.2
  • 94
    • 0032190209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Productivity controls food-chain properties in microbial communities
    • C.M.K. Kaunzinger P.J. Morin Productivity controls food-chain properties in microbial communities Nature 395 1998 495 497
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 495-497
    • Kaunzinger, C.M.K.1    Morin, P.J.2
  • 95
    • 0030708784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability and complexity on a lattice: coexistence of species in an individual-based food web model
    • T.H. Keith Stability and complexity on a lattice: coexistence of species in an individual-based food web model Ecological Modeling 102 1997 243 258
    • (1997) Ecological Modeling , vol.102 , pp. 243-258
    • Keith, T.H.1
  • 96
    • 0002960393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale-dependence and the problem of extrapolation: implications for experimental and natural coastal ecosystems
    • W.M. Kemp J.E. Petersen R.H. Gardner Scale-dependence and the problem of extrapolation: implications for experimental and natural coastal ecosystems R.H. Gardner W.M. Kemp V.S. Kennedy J.E. Petersen Scaling Relations in Experimental Ecology 2001 Columbia University Press New York 3 47
    • (2001) , pp. 3-47
    • Kemp, W.M.1    Petersen, J.E.2    Gardner, R.H.3
  • 97
    • 0001146695 scopus 로고
    • An experimental approach to the study of factors affecting algal colonization in a sublittoral kelp forest
    • S.J. Kennelly An experimental approach to the study of factors affecting algal colonization in a sublittoral kelp forest J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 68 1983 257 276
    • (1983) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.68 , pp. 257-276
    • Kennelly, S.J.1
  • 98
    • 0025997772 scopus 로고
    • Caging experiments to examine the effects of fishes on the understory species in a sublittoral kelp community
    • S.J. Kennelly Caging experiments to examine the effects of fishes on the understory species in a sublittoral kelp community J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol 147 1991 207 230
    • (1991) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol , vol.147 , pp. 207-230
    • Kennelly, S.J.1
  • 99
    • 0000280646 scopus 로고
    • Translating models across scales in the landscape
    • A.W. King Translating models across scales in the landscape C.G. Jones J.H. Lawton Linking Species and Ecosystems 1992 Chapman and Hall New York 479 514
    • (1992) , pp. 479-514
    • King, A.W.1
  • 100
    • 0031284536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogen outbreaks reveal large-scale impact of competition in stream communities
    • S.L. Kohler M.J. Wiley Pathogen outbreaks reveal large-scale impact of competition in stream communities Ecology 78 1997 2164 2176
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 2164-2176
    • Kohler, S.L.1    Wiley, M.J.2
  • 101
    • 0030302860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of migration in the Glanville fritillary butterfly Melitea cinxa
    • M. Kuussaari M. Nieminen I. Hanski An experimental study of migration in the Glanville fritillary butterfly Melitea cinxa Journal of Animal Ecology 65 1996 791 801
    • (1996) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 791-801
    • Kuussaari, M.1    Nieminen, M.2    Hanski, I.3
  • 102
    • 0023582453 scopus 로고
    • Effects of container size on estimates of mortality and predation rates in experiments with macrozooplankton and larval fish
    • Y. Lafontaine de W.C. Leggett Effects of container size on estimates of mortality and predation rates in experiments with macrozooplankton and larval fish Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 44 1987 1534 1543
    • (1987) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 1534-1543
    • Lafontaine de, Y.1    Leggett, W.C.2
  • 103
    • 0034046018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geometric scaling of microhabitat patches and their efficacy as refugia during disturbance
    • J. Lancaster Geometric scaling of microhabitat patches and their efficacy as refugia during disturbance J. Anim. Ecol. 69 2000 442 457
    • (2000) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.69 , pp. 442-457
    • Lancaster, J.1
  • 104
    • 0025684482 scopus 로고
    • Stream flow and predation effects on the spatial dynamics of benthic invertebrates
    • J. Lancaster A.G. Hildrew C.R. Townsend Stream flow and predation effects on the spatial dynamics of benthic invertebrates Hydrobiol. 203 1990 177 190
    • (1990) Hydrobiol. , vol.203 , pp. 177-190
    • Lancaster, J.1    Hildrew, A.G.2    Townsend, C.R.3
  • 105
    • 0026055655 scopus 로고
    • Invertebrate predation on patchy and mobile prey in streams
    • J. Lancaster A.G. Hildrew C.R. Townsend Invertebrate predation on patchy and mobile prey in streams J. Anim. Ecol. 60 1991 625 641
    • (1991) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.60 , pp. 625-641
    • Lancaster, J.1    Hildrew, A.G.2    Townsend, C.R.3
  • 106
    • 0031822980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical concepts and empirical approaches to measuring interaction strength
    • M.S. Laska J.T. Wootton Theoretical concepts and empirical approaches to measuring interaction strength Ecology 79 1998 461 476
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 461-476
    • Laska, M.S.1    Wootton, J.T.2
  • 107
    • 0000689775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moment approximations of individual-based models
    • R. Law U. Dieckmann Moment approximations of individual-based models U. Dieckman R. Law J.A.J. Metz The Geometry of Ecological Interactions 2000 Cambridge University Press Cambridge 388 411
    • (2000) , pp. 388-411
    • Law, R.1    Dieckmann, U.2
  • 108
    • 0002100031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology in a bottle: using microcosms to test theory. Ecological experiments and a research program in community ecology
    • S.P. Lawler Ecology in a bottle: using microcosms to test theory. Ecological experiments and a research program in community ecology W.J. Resetarits J. Bernardo Experimental Ecology: Issues and Perspectives 1998 Oxford University Press Oxford 236 253
    • (1998) , pp. 236-253
    • Lawler, S.P.1
  • 109
    • 0000060456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecotron facility at Silwood Park: the value of “big bottle” experiments
    • J.H. Lawton The ecotron facility at Silwood Park: the value of “big bottle” experiments Ecology 77 1996 665 669
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 665-669
    • Lawton, J.H.1
  • 110
    • 0027881344 scopus 로고
    • Spatial autocorrelation: trouble or new paradigm
    • P. Legendre Spatial autocorrelation: trouble or new paradigm Ecology 74 1993 1659 1673
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 1659-1673
    • Legendre, P.1
  • 111
    • 0024937968 scopus 로고
    • Spatial pattern and ecological analysis
    • P. Legendre M.-J. Fortin Spatial pattern and ecological analysis Vegetatio 80 1989 107 138
    • (1989) Vegetatio , vol.80 , pp. 107-138
    • Legendre, P.1    Fortin, M.-J.2
  • 112
    • 0004170691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical Ecology
    • P. Legendre L. Legendre Numerical Ecology 1998 Elsevier Scientific Amsterdam
    • (1998)
    • Legendre, P.1    Legendre, L.2
  • 113
    • 0002810370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition in spatial habitats
    • C.L. Lehman D. Tilman Competition in spatial habitats D. Tilman P. Kareiva Spatial Ecology: The Role of Space in Population Dynamics and Interspecific Interactions 1997 Princeton University Press New Jersey 185 203
    • (1997) , pp. 185-203
    • Lehman, C.L.1    Tilman, D.2
  • 114
    • 0027101175 scopus 로고
    • The problem of pattern and scale in ecology
    • S.A. Levin The problem of pattern and scale in ecology Ecology 73 1992 1943 1967
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 1943-1967
    • Levin, S.A.1
  • 115
    • 0000719342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theories of simplification and scaling of spatially distributed processes
    • S.A. Levin S.W. Pacala Theories of simplification and scaling of spatially distributed processes D. Tilman P. Kareiva Spatial Ecology: The Role of Space in Population Dynamics and Interspecific Interactions 1997 Princeton University Press New Jersey 271 295
    • (1997) , pp. 271-295
    • Levin, S.A.1    Pacala, S.W.2
  • 116
    • 0024195773 scopus 로고
    • Development of empirical feeding models of a benthic predator
    • L.R. Linton R.W. Davies Development of empirical feeding models of a benthic predator Holarct. Ecol. 11 1988 185 189
    • (1988) Holarct. Ecol. , vol.11 , pp. 185-189
    • Linton, L.R.1    Davies, R.W.2
  • 118
    • 0001256338 scopus 로고
    • The effects of space and enrichment on a predator-prey system
    • L.S. Luckinbill The effects of space and enrichment on a predator-prey system Ecology 55 1974 1142 1147
    • (1974) Ecology , vol.55 , pp. 1142-1147
    • Luckinbill, L.S.1
  • 119
    • 0030760921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling artifacts in confinement experiments: a simulation model
    • R. MacNally Scaling artifacts in confinement experiments: a simulation model Ecological Modelling 99 1997 229 245
    • (1997) Ecological Modelling , vol.99 , pp. 229-245
    • MacNally, R.1
  • 120
    • 0034600262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling confinement experiments in community ecology: differential mobility among competitors
    • R. MacNally Modelling confinement experiments in community ecology: differential mobility among competitors Ecol. Model. 129 2000 65 85
    • (2000) Ecol. Model. , vol.129 , pp. 65-85
    • MacNally, R.1
  • 121
    • 0007776405 scopus 로고
    • Stability of the predator prey interaction between Dinidium and Paramecium: Effects of dispersal and predator time lag
    • E. Maly Stability of the predator prey interaction between Dinidium and Paramecium : Effects of dispersal and predator time lag Ecology 59 1978 733 741
    • (1978) Ecology , vol.59 , pp. 733-741
    • Maly, E.1
  • 122
    • 0004044175 scopus 로고
    • The Design and Analysis of Research Studies
    • B.F.J. Manly The Design and Analysis of Research Studies 1992 Cambridge University Press Cambridge
    • (1992)
    • Manly, B.F.J.1
  • 123
    • 0027088062 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal and daily changes in bacterivory in a coastal plankton community
    • C. Marrasé E.L. Lim D.A. Caron Seasonal and daily changes in bacterivory in a coastal plankton community Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 82 1992 281 289
    • (1992) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.82 , pp. 281-289
    • Marrasé, C.1    Lim, E.L.2    Caron, D.A.3
  • 124
    • 0000435608 scopus 로고
    • Statistical mechanics of population: the lattice Lotka-Volterra model
    • H. Matzuda O. Ogita A. Sasaki K. Sato Statistical mechanics of population: the lattice Lotka-Volterra model Progress in Theorical Physics 88 1992 1035 1049
    • (1992) Progress in Theorical Physics , vol.88 , pp. 1035-1049
    • Matzuda, H.1    Ogita, O.2    Sasaki, A.3    Sato, K.4
  • 125
    • 0030613507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population density and area: the role of between- and within-patch processes
    • S.F. Matter Population density and area: the role of between- and within-patch processes Oecologia 110 1997 533 538
    • (1997) Oecologia , vol.110 , pp. 533-538
    • Matter, S.F.1
  • 126
    • 0025595791 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of lake and lake enclosures with the contrasting abundances of planktivorous fish
    • A. Mazumder W.D. Taylor D.J. McQueen D.R.S. Lean N.R. Lafontaine A comparison of lake and lake enclosures with the contrasting abundances of planktivorous fish J. Plankton Res. 12 1990 109 124
    • (1990) J. Plankton Res. , vol.12 , pp. 109-124
    • Mazumder, A.1    Taylor, W.D.2    McQueen, D.J.3    Lean, D.R.S.4    Lafontaine, N.R.5
  • 127
    • 0002424840 scopus 로고
    • Scale effects in landscape studies
    • V. Meentemeyer E.O. Box Scale effects in landscape studies M.G. Turner Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance 1987 Springer-Verlag New York 15 34
    • (1987) , pp. 15-34
    • Meentemeyer, V.1    Box, E.O.2
  • 128
    • 33144454782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling up population dynamics: spatial variance and the scale transition for stream biofilm and grazers
    • B.A. Melbourne Scaling up population dynamics: spatial variance and the scale transition for stream biofilm and grazers Ph.D. Thesis 2000 Australian National University
    • (2000)
    • Melbourne, B.A.1
  • 129
    • 2042429811 scopus 로고
    • Vertical distributions and zooplankton predation in a small temperate pond
    • G.E. Melville E.J. Maly Vertical distributions and zooplankton predation in a small temperate pond Can. J. Zool. 59 1981 1720 1725
    • (1981) Can. J. Zool. , vol.59 , pp. 1720-1725
    • Melville, G.E.1    Maly, E.J.2
  • 130
  • 131
    • 0000866112 scopus 로고
    • Spatial scale and the cost of density-dependent habitat selection
    • D.W. Morris Spatial scale and the cost of density-dependent habitat selection Evol. Ecol. 1 1987 379 388
    • (1987) Evol. Ecol. , vol.1 , pp. 379-388
    • Morris, D.W.1
  • 132
    • 0027100311 scopus 로고
    • Scales and costs of habitat selection in heterogeneous landscapes
    • D.W. Morris Scales and costs of habitat selection in heterogeneous landscapes Evol. Ecol. 6 1992 412 432
    • (1992) Evol. Ecol. , vol.6 , pp. 412-432
    • Morris, D.W.1
  • 133
    • 0011446724 scopus 로고
    • Pyrethroid insecticide effects on bluegill sunfish in microcosms and mesocosms and bluegill impact on microcosm fauna
    • R.G. Morris J.H. Kennedy P.C. Johnson F.E. Hambleton Pyrethroid insecticide effects on bluegill sunfish in microcosms and mesocosms and bluegill impact on microcosm fauna R.L. Graney J.H. Kennedy J.H. Rodgers Jr. Aquatic Mesocosm Studies in Ecological Risk Assessment 1994 CRC Press Florida 373 395
    • (1994) , pp. 373-395
    • Morris, R.G.1    Kennedy, J.H.2    Johnson, P.C.3    Hambleton, F.E.4
  • 134
    • 0025625445 scopus 로고
    • The demographic benefits of diel vertical migration by zooplankton
    • M.D. Ohman The demographic benefits of diel vertical migration by zooplankton Ecol. Monogr. 60 1990 257 281
    • (1990) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.60 , pp. 257-281
    • Ohman, M.D.1
  • 135
    • 0005705081 scopus 로고
    • Specific application of meso- and macrocosms for solving problems in fisheries research
    • V. Øiestad Specific application of meso- and macrocosms for solving problems in fisheries research C.M. Lalli Enclosed Experimental Marine Ecosystems: A Review and Recommendations 1990 Springer-Verlag New York 136 154
    • (1990) , pp. 136-154
    • Øiestad, V.1
  • 136
    • 0027044479 scopus 로고
    • Exploitation ecosystems in heterogeneous habitat complexes II: impact of small-scale heterogeneity on predator-prey dynamics
    • T. Oksanen L. Oksanen M. Gyllenberg Exploitation ecosystems in heterogeneous habitat complexes II: impact of small-scale heterogeneity on predator-prey dynamics Evol. Ecol. 6 1992 383 398
    • (1992) Evol. Ecol. , vol.6 , pp. 383-398
    • Oksanen, T.1    Oksanen, L.2    Gyllenberg, M.3
  • 137
    • 0001065034 scopus 로고
    • Transmutation across hierarchical levels
    • R.V. O'Neill Transmutation across hierarchical levels G.S. Innis R.V. O'Neill Systems Analysis of Ecosystems 1979 International Cooperative Publishing House Fairlands 59 78
    • (1979) , pp. 59-78
    • O'Neill, R.V.1
  • 138
    • 0002642195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homage to St. Michael: or, why are there so many books on scale
    • R.V. O'Neill A.W. King Homage to St. Michael: or, why are there so many books on scale D.L. Peterson V.T. Parker Ecological Scale 1998 Columbia University Press New York 3 17
    • (1998) , pp. 3-17
    • O'Neill, R.V.1    King, A.W.2
  • 139
    • 0018736211 scopus 로고
    • Aggregation in ecological models
    • R.V. O'Neill B. Rust Aggregation in ecological models Ecol. Model. 7 1979 91 105
    • (1979) Ecol. Model. , vol.7 , pp. 91-105
    • O'Neill, R.V.1    Rust, B.2
  • 140
    • 0000580609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect size in ecological experiments: the application of biological models in meta-analysis
    • C.W. Osenberg O. Sarnelle S.D. Cooper Effect size in ecological experiments: the application of biological models in meta-analysis Am. Nat. 150 1997 798 812
    • (1997) Am. Nat. , vol.150 , pp. 798-812
    • Osenberg, C.W.1    Sarnelle, O.2    Cooper, S.D.3
  • 141
    • 0003090953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biologically generated spatial pattern and the coexistence of competing species
    • S.W. Pacala S.A. Levin Biologically generated spatial pattern and the coexistence of competing species D. Tilman P. Kareiva Spatial Ecology: The Role of Space in Population Dynamics and Interspecific Interactions 1997 Princeton University Press New Jersey 204 232
    • (1997) , pp. 204-232
    • Pacala, S.W.1    Levin, S.A.2
  • 142
    • 0003034992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting it right and wrong: extrapolations across experimental scales
    • M.L. Pace Getting it right and wrong: extrapolations across experimental scales R.H. Gardner W.M. Kemp V.S. Kennedy J.E. Petersen Scaling Relations in Experimental Ecology 2001 Columbia University Press New York 157 173
    • (2001) , pp. 157-173
    • Pace, M.L.1
  • 143
    • 0001547545 scopus 로고
    • Food and growth of fishes. I. A growth curve derived from experimental data
    • J.E. Paloheimo L.M. Dickie Food and growth of fishes. I. A growth curve derived from experimental data J. Fish. Res. Board. Can. 22 1965 521 542
    • (1965) J. Fish. Res. Board. Can. , vol.22 , pp. 521-542
    • Paloheimo, J.E.1    Dickie, L.M.2
  • 144
    • 85047676099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability of fish eggs and larvae to predation: review of the influence of the relative size of predators and prey
    • A.R. Paradis P. Pepin J.A. Brown Vulnerability of fish eggs and larvae to predation: review of the influence of the relative size of predators and prey J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53 1996 1226 1235
    • (1996) J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 1226-1235
    • Paradis, A.R.1    Pepin, P.2    Brown, J.A.3
  • 145
    • 0032863115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From individuals to population densities: Searching for the intermediate scale of nontrivial determinism
    • M. Pascual S.A. Levins From individuals to population densities: Searching for the intermediate scale of nontrivial determinism Ecology 80 1999 2225 2236
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 2225-2236
    • Pascual, M.1    Levins, S.A.2
  • 146
    • 0025956580 scopus 로고
    • A field test of resource depression by predatory stonefly larvae
    • B.L. Peckarsky A field test of resource depression by predatory stonefly larvae Oikos 61 1991 3 10
    • (1991) Oikos , vol.61 , pp. 3-10
    • Peckarsky, B.L.1
  • 147
    • 0000679616 scopus 로고
    • Effects of enclosures on steam microhabitat and invertebrate community structure
    • B.L. Peckarsky M.A. Penton Effects of enclosures on steam microhabitat and invertebrate community structure J.N. Am. Benth. Soc. 9 1990 249 261
    • (1990) J.N. Am. Benth. Soc. , vol.9 , pp. 249-261
    • Peckarsky, B.L.1    Penton, M.A.2
  • 151
    • 85047675345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of planktivorous fish and nutrient additions on primary production of shallow versus deep (stratified) lake enclosures
    • S. Perin F.R. Pick D.R.S. Lean A. Mazumder Effects of planktivorous fish and nutrient additions on primary production of shallow versus deep (stratified) lake enclosures Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53 1996 1125 1132
    • (1996) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 1125-1132
    • Perin, S.1    Pick, F.R.2    Lean, D.R.S.3    Mazumder, A.4
  • 152
    • 0025638717 scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic individual-based approaches in the population/community ecology of fish
    • L. Persson S. Diehl Mechanistic individual-based approaches in the population/community ecology of fish Ann. Zool. Fennici 27 1990 165 182
    • (1990) Ann. Zool. Fennici , vol.27 , pp. 165-182
    • Persson, L.1    Diehl, S.2
  • 153
    • 0003559588 scopus 로고
    • The Ecological Implications of Body Size
    • R.H. Peters The Ecological Implications of Body Size 1983 Cambridge University Press Cambridge, UK
    • (1983)
    • Peters, R.H.1
  • 154
    • 0035093407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimensional approaches to scaling experimental ecosystems: designing mousetraps to catch elephants
    • J.E. Petersen A. Hastings Dimensional approaches to scaling experimental ecosystems: designing mousetraps to catch elephants Am Nat. 157 2001 324 333
    • (2001) Am Nat. , vol.157 , pp. 324-333
    • Petersen, J.E.1    Hastings, A.2
  • 155
    • 0031401474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling aquatic primary productivity: experiments under nutrient- and light-limited conditions
    • J.E. Petersen C.-C. Chen W.M. Kemp Scaling aquatic primary productivity: experiments under nutrient- and light-limited conditions Ecology 78 1997 2326 2338
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 2326-2338
    • Petersen, J.E.1    Chen, C.-C.2    Kemp, W.M.3
  • 156
    • 0032891409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit scaling in the design of experimental aquatic ecosystems
    • J.E. Petersen J.C. Cornwell W.M. Kemp Implicit scaling in the design of experimental aquatic ecosystems Oikos 85 1999 3 18
    • (1999) Oikos , vol.85 , pp. 3-18
    • Petersen, J.E.1    Cornwell, J.C.2    Kemp, W.M.3
  • 157
    • 0032191257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coastal plankton responses to turbulent mixing in experimental ecosystems
    • J.E. Petersen L.P. Sanford W.M. Kemp Coastal plankton responses to turbulent mixing in experimental ecosystems Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 171 1998 23 41
    • (1998) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.171 , pp. 23-41
    • Petersen, J.E.1    Sanford, L.P.2    Kemp, W.M.3
  • 158
    • 0028160353 scopus 로고
    • An experimentalist's challenge: when artifacts of intervention interact with treatments
    • C.H. Peterson R. Black An experimentalist's challenge: when artifacts of intervention interact with treatments Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 111 1994 289 297
    • (1994) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.111 , pp. 289-297
    • Peterson, C.H.1    Black, R.2
  • 159
    • 0035071732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metapopulation dynamics of the bog fritillary butterfly: movements between habitat patches
    • S. Petit A. Moilanen I. Hanski M. Baguette Metapopulation dynamics of the bog fritillary butterfly: movements between habitat patches Oikos 92 2001 491 500
    • (2001) Oikos , vol.92 , pp. 491-500
    • Petit, S.1    Moilanen, A.2    Hanski, I.3    Baguette, M.4
  • 160
    • 0004295054 scopus 로고
    • The Balance of Nature?
    • S.L. Pimm The Balance of Nature? 1991 University of Chicago Press Chicago
    • (1991)
    • Pimm, S.L.1
  • 161
    • 0017377855 scopus 로고
    • Number of trophic levels in ecological communities
    • S.L. Pimm J.H. Lawton Number of trophic levels in ecological communities Nature 268 1977 329 331
    • (1977) Nature , vol.268 , pp. 329-331
    • Pimm, S.L.1    Lawton, J.H.2
  • 163
    • 0003639644 scopus 로고
    • Thinking in terms of scale: introduction to dimensional analysis
    • T. Platt Thinking in terms of scale: introduction to dimensional analysis K. Platt H. Mann R.E. Ulanowictz Mathematical Models in Biological Oceanography 1981 UNESCO Press Paris 112 121
    • (1981) , pp. 112-121
    • Platt, T.1
  • 164
    • 0030973348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape filters and species traits: towards mechanistic understanding and prediction in stream ecology
    • N.L. Poff Landscape filters and species traits: towards mechanistic understanding and prediction in stream ecology J. North Am. Benth. Soc. 16 1997 391 409
    • (1997) J. North Am. Benth. Soc. , vol.16 , pp. 391-409
    • Poff, N.L.1
  • 165
    • 0030433325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of nutrients and planktivorous fish on the phytoplankton of shallow and deep aquatic systems
    • M. Proulx F.R. Pick A. Mazumder P.B. Hamilton D.R.S. Lean Effects of nutrients and planktivorous fish on the phytoplankton of shallow and deep aquatic systems Ecology 77 1996 1556 1572
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1556-1572
    • Proulx, M.1    Pick, F.R.2    Mazumder, A.3    Hamilton, P.B.4    Lean, D.R.S.5
  • 166
    • 0007610884 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of turbulent diffusion in lakes
    • P.D. Quay An experimental study of turbulent diffusion in lakes Ph.D. thesis 1977 Faculty of Pure Science, Columbia University New York
    • (1977)
    • Quay, P.D.1
  • 167
    • 0027881562 scopus 로고
    • Potential effect of enclosure size on field experiments with herbivorous intertidal gastropods
    • G.P. Quinn M.J. Keough Potential effect of enclosure size on field experiments with herbivorous intertidal gastropods Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 98 1993 199 201
    • (1993) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.98 , pp. 199-201
    • Quinn, G.P.1    Keough, M.J.2
  • 168
    • 77956777398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manipulative field experiments in animal ecology: do they promise more than they can deliver?
    • D. Raffaelli H. Moller Manipulative field experiments in animal ecology: do they promise more than they can deliver? Adv. Ecol. Res. 30 2000 299 338
    • (2000) Adv. Ecol. Res. , vol.30 , pp. 299-338
    • Raffaelli, D.1    Moller, H.2
  • 170
    • 1842371202 scopus 로고
    • Community development in freshwater mesocosms
    • J.T. Rees Community development in freshwater mesocosms Hydrobiol. 63 1979 113 128
    • (1979) Hydrobiol. , vol.63 , pp. 113-128
    • Rees, J.T.1
  • 171
    • 0025694333 scopus 로고
    • The fractal shape of riparian forest patches
    • K.D. Rex G.P. Malanson The fractal shape of riparian forest patches Landscape Ecology 4 1990 249 258
    • (1990) Landscape Ecology , vol.4 , pp. 249-258
    • Rex, K.D.1    Malanson, G.P.2
  • 172
    • 0026540034 scopus 로고
    • Geostatical tools for modelling and interpreting ecological spatial dependence
    • R.E. Rossi D.J. Mulla A.G. Journel E.H. Franz Geostatical tools for modelling and interpreting ecological spatial dependence Ecol. Monogr. 62 1992 277 314
    • (1992) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.62 , pp. 277-314
    • Rossi, R.E.1    Mulla, D.J.2    Journel, A.G.3    Franz, E.H.4
  • 173
    • 0028183580 scopus 로고
    • Recolonization of estuarine sediments by macroinvertebrates: does microcosm size matter?
    • B.F. Ruth D.A. Flemer C.M. Bundrick Recolonization of estuarine sediments by macroinvertebrates: does microcosm size matter? Estuaries 17 1994 606 613
    • (1994) Estuaries , vol.17 , pp. 606-613
    • Ruth, B.F.1    Flemer, D.A.2    Bundrick, C.M.3
  • 174
    • 0026304651 scopus 로고
    • Effects of small-scale turbulence on development time and growth of Acartia grani species (Copepoda: Clanoida)
    • E. Saiz M. Alcaraz Effects of small-scale turbulence on development time and growth of Acartia grani species (Copepoda: Clanoida) J. Plankton Res. 13 1991 873 883
    • (1991) J. Plankton Res. , vol.13 , pp. 873-883
    • Saiz, E.1    Alcaraz, M.2
  • 175
    • 0027077360 scopus 로고
    • Effects of small-scale turbulence on feeding rate and gross-growth efficiency of three Acartia species (Copepoda: Calanoida)
    • E. Saiz M. Alcaraz G.A. Paffenhöfer Effects of small-scale turbulence on feeding rate and gross-growth efficiency of three Acartia species (Copepoda: Calanoida) J. Plankton Res. 14 1992 1085 1097
    • (1992) J. Plankton Res. , vol.14 , pp. 1085-1097
    • Saiz, E.1    Alcaraz, M.2    Paffenhöfer, G.A.3
  • 176
    • 0030616853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daphnia effects on microzooplankton: comparisons of enclosure and whole-lake responses
    • O. Sarnelle Daphnia effects on microzooplankton: comparisons of enclosure and whole-lake responses Ecology 78 1997 913 928
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 913-928
    • Sarnelle, O.1
  • 177
    • 79951955717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling issues in marine experimental ecosystems
    • D.L. Scheurer D.C. Schneider L.P. Sanford Scaling issues in marine experimental ecosystems R.H. Gardner W.M. Kemp V.S. Kennedy J.S. Petersen Scaling Relations in Experimental Ecology 2001 Columbia University Press New York 331 360
    • (2001) , pp. 331-360
    • Scheurer, D.L.1    Schneider, D.C.2    Sanford, L.P.3
  • 178
    • 0004093665 scopus 로고
    • Scaling: Why is Animal Size so Important?
    • K. Schmidt-Nielsen Scaling: Why is Animal Size so Important? 1984 Cambridge University Press Cambridge
    • (1984)
    • Schmidt-Nielsen, K.1
  • 179
    • 0000011694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replication versus realism: the need for ecosystem-scale experiments
    • D.W. Schindler Replication versus realism: the need for ecosystem-scale experiments Ecosystems 1 1998 323 334
    • (1998) Ecosystems , vol.1 , pp. 323-334
    • Schindler, D.W.1
  • 180
    • 0034909123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rise of the concept of scale in ecology
    • D.C. Schneider The rise of the concept of scale in ecology Bioscience 7 2001 545 553
    • (2001) Bioscience , vol.7 , pp. 545-553
    • Schneider, D.C.1
  • 181
    • 1842561107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial allometry: Theory and application to experimental and natural ecosystems
    • D.C. Schneider Spatial allometry: Theory and application to experimental and natural ecosystems R.H. Gardner W.M. Kemp V.S. Kennedy J.S. Petersen Scaling Relations in Experimental Ecology 2001 Columbia University Press New York 113 153
    • (2001) , pp. 113-153
    • Schneider, D.C.1
  • 183
    • 0030882855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale-up of ecological experiments: density variation in the mobile bivalve Macoma liliana
    • D.C. Schneider R. Walters S. Thrush P. Dayton Scale-up of ecological experiments: density variation in the mobile bivalve Macoma liliana J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 216 1997 129 152
    • (1997) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.216 , pp. 129-152
    • Schneider, D.C.1    Walters, R.2    Thrush, S.3    Dayton, P.4
  • 184
    • 0024875977 scopus 로고
    • Food webs from the small to the large
    • T.W. Schoener Food webs from the small to the large Ecology 70 1989 1559 1589
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 1559-1589
    • Schoener, T.W.1
  • 185
    • 0028977528 scopus 로고
    • Effect of predator and area on invasion: an experiment with island spiders
    • T.W. Schoener D.A. Spiller Effect of predator and area on invasion: an experiment with island spiders Science 267 1995 1811 1813
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1811-1813
    • Schoener, T.W.1    Spiller, D.A.2
  • 186
    • 0024258698 scopus 로고
    • Predation and the prey community of a headwater stream
    • K. Schofield C.R. Townsend A.G. Hildrew Predation and the prey community of a headwater stream Freshw. Biol. 20 1988 85 95
    • (1988) Freshw. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 85-95
    • Schofield, K.1    Townsend, C.R.2    Hildrew, A.G.3
  • 187
    • 0028181276 scopus 로고
    • Prey behavior, prey dispersal, and predator impacts on stream prey
    • A. Sih D.E. Wooster Prey behavior, prey dispersal, and predator impacts on stream prey Ecology 75 1994 1207 1217
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 1207-1217
    • Sih, A.1    Wooster, D.E.2
  • 188
    • 0024229274 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of prey refuge use - a model and tests with sunfish and salamander larvae
    • A. Sih J.W. Petranka L.B. Kats The dynamics of prey refuge use - a model and tests with sunfish and salamander larvae Am. Nat. 132 1988 463 483
    • (1988) Am. Nat. , vol.132 , pp. 463-483
    • Sih, A.1    Petranka, J.W.2    Kats, L.B.3
  • 189
    • 0026540203 scopus 로고
    • Prey uncertainty and the balancing of antipredator and feeding needs
    • A. Sih Prey uncertainty and the balancing of antipredator and feeding needs Am. Nat. 139 1992 1052 1069
    • (1992) Am. Nat. , vol.139 , pp. 1052-1069
    • Sih, A.1
  • 190
    • 0026499270 scopus 로고
    • Effects of predatory sunfish on the density, drift, and refuge use of stream salamander larvae
    • A. Sih L.B. Kats R.D. Moore Effects of predatory sunfish on the density, drift, and refuge use of stream salamander larvae Ecology 73 1992 1418 1430
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 1418-1430
    • Sih, A.1    Kats, L.B.2    Moore, R.D.3
  • 191
    • 0024870333 scopus 로고
    • The effects of patch size and substrate isolation on colonization modes and rates in an intertidal sediment
    • C.R. Smith S.J. Brumsickle The effects of patch size and substrate isolation on colonization modes and rates in an intertidal sediment Limn. Oceanogr. 34 1989 1263 1277
    • (1989) Limn. Oceanogr. , vol.34 , pp. 1263-1277
    • Smith, C.R.1    Brumsickle, S.J.2
  • 192
    • 0029502617 scopus 로고
    • Potential flow artifacts associated with benthic experimental gear: deep-sea mudbox examples
    • P.V.R. Snelgrove C.A. Butman J.F. Grassle Potential flow artifacts associated with benthic experimental gear: deep-sea mudbox examples J. Mar. Res. 53 1995 821 845
    • (1995) J. Mar. Res. , vol.53 , pp. 821-845
    • Snelgrove, P.V.R.1    Butman, C.A.2    Grassle, J.F.3
  • 193
    • 0021551062 scopus 로고
    • Intertidal mosaics: patch size, propagule availability, and spatially variable patterns of succession
    • W.P. Sousa Intertidal mosaics: patch size, propagule availability, and spatially variable patterns of succession Ecology 65 1984 1918 1935
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 1918-1935
    • Sousa, W.P.1
  • 194
    • 0030303795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of habitat size and productivity on food web structure in small aquatic microcosms
    • M. Spencer P.H. Warren The effects of habitat size and productivity on food web structure in small aquatic microcosms Oikos 75 1996 419 430
    • (1996) Oikos , vol.75 , pp. 419-430
    • Spencer, M.1    Warren, P.H.2
  • 195
    • 0012875156 scopus 로고
    • Circulation and temperature structure in large marine enclosures
    • J.H. Steele D.M. Farmer E.W. Henderson Circulation and temperature structure in large marine enclosures J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 34 1977 1095 1104
    • (1977) J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. , vol.34 , pp. 1095-1104
    • Steele, J.H.1    Farmer, D.M.2    Henderson, E.W.3
  • 196
    • 0030585390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of predators on reef fishes: separating cage artifacts from effects of predation
    • M.A. Steele Effects of predators on reef fishes: separating cage artifacts from effects of predation J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 198 1996 249 267
    • (1996) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.198 , pp. 249-267
    • Steele, M.A.1
  • 197
    • 0030619359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Area-dependent migration by ringlet butterflies generates a mixture of patchy population and metapopulation attributes
    • O.L. Sutcliffe C.D. Thomas D. Peggie Area-dependent migration by ringlet butterflies generates a mixture of patchy population and metapopulation attributes Oecologia 109 1997 229 234
    • (1997) Oecologia , vol.109 , pp. 229-234
    • Sutcliffe, O.L.1    Thomas, C.D.2    Peggie, D.3
  • 198
    • 0000681381 scopus 로고
    • Rearing container size affects morphology and nutritional condition of larval jack mackerel, Trachurus symmetricus
    • G.H. Theilacker Rearing container size affects morphology and nutritional condition of larval jack mackerel, Trachurus symmetricus Fishery Bulletin 78 1980 789 791
    • (1980) Fishery Bulletin , vol.78 , pp. 789-791
    • Theilacker, G.H.1
  • 201
    • 0030412095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale-dependent re-colonization: the role of sediment stability in a dynamic sandflat habitat
    • S.F. Thrush R.B. Whitlatch R.D. Pridmore J.E. Hewitt V.J. Cummings M. Maskery Scale-dependent re-colonization: the role of sediment stability in a dynamic sandflat habitat Ecology 77 1996 2472 2487
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 2472-2487
    • Thrush, S.F.1    Whitlatch, R.B.2    Pridmore, R.D.3    Hewitt, J.E.4    Cummings, V.J.5    Maskery, M.6
  • 202
    • 0000357010 scopus 로고
    • Ecological experimentation: strengths and conceptual problems
    • D. Tilman Ecological experimentation: strengths and conceptual problems G.E. Liken Longterm Studies in Ecology - Approaches and Alternatives 1989 Springer-Verlag New York 136 157
    • (1989) , pp. 136-157
    • Tilman, D.1
  • 203
    • 0001875945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics in spatial habitats
    • D. Tilman C.L. Lehman P. Kariva Population dynamics in spatial habitats D. Tilman P. Kareiva Spatial Ecology 1997 Princeton University Press New Jersey 3 20
    • (1997) , pp. 3-20
    • Tilman, D.1    Lehman, C.L.2    Kariva, P.3
  • 204
    • 0026526660 scopus 로고
    • Piscivory and recruitment: mechanisms structuring prey populations in small lakes
    • W.M. Tonn C.A. Paskowski I.J. Holopainen Piscivory and recruitment: mechanisms structuring prey populations in small lakes Ecology 73 1992 951 958
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 951-958
    • Tonn, W.M.1    Paskowski, C.A.2    Holopainen, I.J.3
  • 205
    • 0003431505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative Analysis of Movement
    • P. Turchin Quantitative Analysis of Movement 1998 Sinauer Ass. Inc Sunderland, MA, USA
    • (1998)
    • Turchin, P.1
  • 206
    • 84985097315 scopus 로고
    • Scaling of microcosms and the dimensional analysis of lakes
    • D. Uhlmann Scaling of microcosms and the dimensional analysis of lakes Int. Revue Ges. Hydrobiol. 70 1985 47 62
    • (1985) Int. Revue Ges. Hydrobiol. , vol.70 , pp. 47-62
    • Uhlmann, D.1
  • 207
    • 0002236442 scopus 로고
    • The analysis of competition by field experiments
    • A.J. Underwood The analysis of competition by field experiments J. Kikawa D.J. Anderson Community Ecology: Patterns and Processes 1986 Blackwell Melbourne 240 268
    • (1986) , pp. 240-268
    • Underwood, A.J.1
  • 208
    • 0025650125 scopus 로고
    • Experiments in ecology and management: their logics, functions, and interpretations
    • A.J. Underwood Experiments in ecology and management: their logics, functions, and interpretations Aust. J. Ecol. 15 1990 365 389
    • (1990) Aust. J. Ecol. , vol.15 , pp. 365-389
    • Underwood, A.J.1
  • 209
    • 0004131601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiments in Ecology: Logical Design and Interpretation Using Analysis of Variance
    • A.J. Underwood Experiments in Ecology: Logical Design and Interpretation Using Analysis of Variance 1997 Cambridge University Press
    • (1997)
    • Underwood, A.J.1
  • 211
    • 0344254408 scopus 로고
    • Critique of research methods involving plastic bags in aquatic environments
    • J. Verduin Critique of research methods involving plastic bags in aquatic environments Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 98 1969 335 336
    • (1969) Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. , vol.98 , pp. 335-336
    • Verduin, J.1
  • 212
    • 0024939275 scopus 로고
    • Spatial scaling in ecology
    • J.A. Wiens Spatial scaling in ecology Funct. Ecol. 3 1989 385 397
    • (1989) Funct. Ecol. , vol.3 , pp. 385-397
    • Wiens, J.A.1
  • 213
    • 0002041921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the problem of scale in experimental ecology
    • J.A. Wiens Understanding the problem of scale in experimental ecology R.H. Gardner W.M. Kemp V.S. Kennedy J.S. Petersen Scaling Relations in Experimental Ecology 2001 Columbia University Press New York 61 88
    • (2001) , pp. 61-88
    • Wiens, J.A.1
  • 215
    • 0025524907 scopus 로고
    • Competition and predation in marine soft-sediment communities
    • W.H. Wilson Competition and predation in marine soft-sediment communities Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 21 1991 221 241
    • (1991) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.21 , pp. 221-241
    • Wilson, W.H.1
  • 216
    • 0003689119 scopus 로고
    • Statistical Principles for Experimental Design
    • B.J. Winer D.R. Brown K.M. Michels Statistical Principles for Experimental Design 3rd edition 1991 McGraw-Hill New York
    • (1991)
    • Winer, B.J.1    Brown, D.R.2    Michels, K.M.3
  • 217
    • 0000623837 scopus 로고
    • The importance of predation by crabs and fishes on benthic infauna in Chesapeake bay
    • R.W. Virnstein The importance of predation by crabs and fishes on benthic infauna in Chesapeake bay Ecology 58 1977 1199 1217
    • (1977) Ecology , vol.58 , pp. 1199-1217
    • Virnstein, R.W.1
  • 218
    • 0027845711 scopus 로고
    • The effects of trout on epibenthic odonate naiads in stream pools
    • S.W. Wiseman S.D. Cooper T.L. Dudley The effects of trout on epibenthic odonate naiads in stream pools Freshw. Biol. 130 1993 133 145
    • (1993) Freshw. Biol. , vol.130 , pp. 133-145
    • Wiseman, S.W.1    Cooper, S.D.2    Dudley, T.L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.