Spatial analysis of visible areas from the bronze age cairns of mull

Journal of Archaeological Science

Volumn 24, Issue 7, 1997, Pages 581-592

  Fisher, Peter ^a   Farrelly, Chris ^a   Maddocks, Adrian ^b   Ruggles, Clive ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bronze age cairns; Geographical information systems; Isle of mull; Monte Carlo testing; Spatial analysis; Viewshed; Visible area analysis

Indexed keywords

EID: 0013322076     PISSN: 03054403     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jasc.1996.0142     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Allen, K. M. S., Green, S. W. & Zubrow, E. B. W. (1990). Interpreting Space: GIS and Archaeology. London: Taylor & Francis.
2. Barnatt, J. (1987). Bronze Age settlement of the East Moors of the Peak District of Derbyshire and S. Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 53, 393-418.
3. Barnatt, J. & Pierpont, S. (1983). Stone circles: observatories or ceremonial centres. Scottish Archaeological Review 2, 101-115.
4. Besag, J. & Diggle, P. J. (1977). Monte Carlo test of spatial pattern. Applied Statistics 26, 327-333.
5. Bivand, R. S. (1992). SYSTAT-compatible software for modelling spatial dependence among observations. Computers and Geosciences 18, 951-963.
6. Bradley, R. (1991). Rock art and the perception of landscape. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 1, 77-101.
7. Bradley, R., Harding, J. & Mathews, M. (1993). The siting of prehistoric rock art in Galloway, south-west Scotland. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 59, 269-283.
8. Bradley, R., Harding, J., Rippoon, S. & Mathews, M. (1993). A field method for investigating the distribution of rock art. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 12, 129-145
9. Drewett, P. (1986). The excavation of a Neolithic oval barrow at North Marden, West Sussex, 1982. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 52, 31-51.
10. Evans, I. S. (1976). The selection of class intervals. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 2, 98-124.
11. Fisher, A. R. (1985). The early state module: a critical assessment. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 4, 1-8
12. Fisher, P. F. (1991). First experiments in viewshed uncertainty: the accuracy of the viewshed area. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 57, 1321-1327.
13. Fisher, P. F. (1992). First experiments in viewshed uncertainty: simulating the fuzzy viewshed. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 58, 345-352.
14. Fisher, P. F. (1993). Algorithm and implementation uncertainty in viewshed analysis. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 7, 331-347.
15. Fisher, P. F. (1994). Probable and fuzzy models of the viewshed operation. In (M. Worboys, Ed.) Innovations in GIS 1. London: Taylor & Francis, pp. 161-175.
16. Fisher, P. F. (1996). Reconsideration of the viewshed function in terrain modelling. Geographical Systems 3(1), 33-58.
17. Fletcher, M. & Lock, G. R. (1984). Post built structures at Danebury hillfort: an analytical search method with statistical discussion. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 3, 175-196.
18. Fletcher, M. & Lock, G. R. (1991). Digging Numbers: Elementary Statistics for Archaeologists. Oxford: Oxford University Committee for Archaeology.
19. Franklin, W. R. & Ray, C. K. (1994). Higher isn't necessarily better: visibility algorithms and experiments. In (T. C. Waugh & R. G. Healey, Eds) Advances in GIS Research, Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling. London: Taylor & Francis, Vol. 2, pp. 751-770.
20. Fraser, D. (1983). Land and Society in Neolithic Orkney. British Series 117. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.
21. Fraser, D. (1988). The orientation of visibility from the Chambered Tombs of Eday, Orkney. In (C. L. N. Ruggles, Ed.) Records in Stone. Cambridge: University Press, pp. 325-337.
22. Gaffney, V. & Stancic, Z. (1991a). GIS Approaches to Regional Analysis: A Case Study of the Island of Hvar. Ljubljana: Znanstveni institut Filozofske fakiltete.
23. Gaffney, V. & Stancic, Z. (1991b). Diodorus Siculus and the island of Hvar, Dalmatia: testing the text with GIS. In (G. Lock & J. Moffett, Eds) Computer and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 1991, BAR International Series S577. Oxford: Tempus Reparatum, pp. 113-125.
24. Gaffney, V. & van Leusen, P. M. (1995). Postscript - GIS, environmental determinism and archaeology. In (G. Lock & Z. Stancic, Eds) Archaeology and Geographical Information Systems: A European Perspective. London: Taylor & Francis, pp. 367-382.
25. Gaffney, V., Stancic, Z. & Watson, H. (1995). The impact of GIS on archaeology: a personal perspective. In (G. Lock & Z. Stancic, Eds) Archaeology and Geographcial Information Systems: A European Perspective. London: Taylor & Francis, pp. 211-229.
26. Goodchild, M. F. (1992). Geographical information science. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 6, 31-45.
27. Hammond, R. & McCullagh, P. S. (1978). Quantitative Techniques in Geography: An Introduction, 2nd Edition. Oxford: University Press.
28. Hodder, I. (Ed.) (1978). Simulation Studies in Archaeology. Cambridge: University Press.
29. Hodder, I. & Orton, C. (1976). Spatial Analysis in Archaeology. Cambridge: University Press.
30. Hope, A. C. A. (1968). A simplified Monte Carlo significance test procedure. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B30, 582-598.
31. Hunt, E. D. (1992). Upgrading site-catchment analyses with the use of GIS: investigating the settlement patterns of horticulturalists. World Archaeology 24, 281-309.
32. Krist, F. J. & Brown, D. G. (1994). GIS modeling of Paleo-Indian period caribou migrations and viewsheds in northeastern Lower Michigan. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 60, 1129-1137.
33. Kuna, M. & Adelsbergerova, D. (1995). Prehistoric location preferences: an application of GIS to the Vinorsky potok project, Bohemia, the Czech Republic. In (G. Lock & Z. Stancic, Eds) Archaeology and Geographcial Information Systems: A European Perspective. London: Taylor & Francis, pp. 115-131.
34. Kvamme, K. L. (1991). GIS and archaeology. In (G. Lock & J. Moffett, Eds) Computer and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 1991. BAR International Series S577. Oxford: Tempus Reparatum, pp. 77-84.
35. Kvamme, K. L. (1993). Spatial statistics and GIS: an integrated approach. In (J. Andresen, T. Madsen & I. Scollar, Eds) Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, CAA '92. Aarhus: University Press, pp. 91-103.
36. Lock, G. & Stancic, Z. (Eds) (1995). Archaeology and Geographic Information Systems: A European Perspective. London: Taylor & Francis.
37. Madry, S. L. H. & Crumley, C. L. (1990). An application of remote sensing and GIS in a regional archaeological settlement pattern analysis. In (K. M. S. Allen, S. Green & E. Zubrow, Eds) Interpreting Space: GIS and Archaeology. London: Taylor & Francis, pp. 364-380.
38. Mills, K., Fox, G. & Heimbach, R. (1992). Implementing an intervisibility analysis model on a parallel computing system. Computers & Geosciences 18, 1047-1054.
39. Neustupny, E. (1995). Beyond GIS. In (G. Lock & Z. Stancic, Eds) Archaeology and Geographcial Information Systems: A European Perspective. London: Taylor & Francis, pp. 133-139.
40. Openshaw, S. (1989). Learning to live with error. In (M. F. Goodchild & S. Gopal, Eds) Accuracy of Spatial Data. London: Taylor and Francis, pp. 263-276.
41. Openshaw, S., Charlton, M. & Carver, S. (1991). Error propagation: a Monte Carlo simulation. In (I. Masser & M. Blakemore, Eds) Handling Geographic Information: Methodology and Potential Applications. London: Longman, pp. 78-101.
42. Orton, C. (1980). Mathematics in Archaeology. Cambridge: University Press.
43. Pickles, J. (1995). Ground Truth: The Social Implication of Geographical Information Systems. New York: Guilford Press.
44. RCAHMS (Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland) (1980). Argyll: An Inventory of the Monuments Vol III: Mull, Tiree, Coll and Northern Argyll. Edinburgh: HMSO.
45. Roese, H. (1980). Some aspects of topological location of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in Wales 1: Menhirs. Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 28, 645-655.
46. Ruggles, C. L. N. (1984). Megalithic Astronomy: A New Archaeological and Statistical Study of 300 Western Scottish Sites, British Series 123. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.
47. Ruggles, C. L. N. & Martlew, R. (1989). The North Mull Project (1): Excavations at Glengorm 1987-88. Archaeoastronomy 14, 137-149.
48. Ruggles, C. L. N., Martlew, R. & Hinge, P. (1991). The North Mull Project (2): the wider astronomical significance of the sites. Archaeoastronomy 16, 51-75.
49. Ruggles, C. L. N. & Martlew, R. (1992). The North Mull Project (3): prominent hill summits and their astronomical potential. Archaeoastronomy 17, 1-13.
50. Ruggles, C. L. N. & Medyckyj-Scott, D. J. (1996). Site location, landscape visibility and symbolic astronomy: a Scottish case study. In (D. G. Herbert & H. Maschner, Eds) New Methods, Old Problems: Geographical Information Systems in Modern Archaeological Research. Carbondale: University of Illinois: Centre for Archaeological Investigations, Occasional Paper 23, pp. 127-146.
51. Ruggles, C. L. N., Medyckyj-Scott, D. J. & Gruffydd, A. (1993). Multiple viewshed analysis using GIS and its archaeological application: a case study in northern Mull. In (J. Andresen, T. Madsen & I. Scollar, Eds) Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, CAA '92. Aarhus: University Press, pp. 125-132.
52. Shennan, S. (1990). Quantifying Archaeology. Edinburgh: University Press.
53. Sumner, A. (1988). A Monte Carlo analysis of the Merrivale stone rows. In (S. P. Q. Rahtz, Ed.) Computer and Quanitative Methods in Archaeology 1988. International Series S466. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, pp. 185-190.
54. Thomas, J. (1993). The politics of vision and the archaeologies of landscape. In (B. Bender, Ed.) Landscape: Politics and Perspectives. Oxford: Berg, pp. 19-48.
55. Tilley, C. (1994). A Phenomenology of Landscape: Places, Paths and Monuments. Oxford: Berg.
56. Wheatley, D. (1993). Going over old ground: GIS, archaeological theory and the act of perception. In (J. Andresen, T. Madsen & I. Scollar, Eds) Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, CAA '92. Aarhus: University Press, pp. 133-138.
57. Wheatley, D. (1995). Cumulative viewshed analysis: a GIS-based method for investigating intervisibility, and its archaeological application. In (G. Lock & Z. Stancic, Eds) Archaeology and Geographcial Information Systems: A European Perspective. London: Taylor & Francis, pp. 171-185.