Accretion in the early Kuiper Belt. I. Coagulation and velocity evolution

Astronomical Journal

Volumn 115, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 2136-2160

  Kenyon, Scott J ^a   Luu, Jane X ^b  

^a HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CENTER FOR ASTROPHYSICS   (United States)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Kuiper belt objects

Indexed keywords

EID: 0013136856     PISSN: 00046256     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/300331     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Aarseth, S. J., Lin, D. N. C., & Palmer, P. L. 1993, ApJ, 403, 351
2. Adachi, I., Hayashi, C., & Nakazawa, K. 1976, Prog. Theor. Phys., 56, 1756
3. Backman, D. E., & Paresce, F. 1993, in Protostars and Planets III, ed. E. H. Levy & J. I. Lunine (Tucson: Univ. Arizona Press), 1253
4. Bailey, M. 1994, in IAU Symp. 160, Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 1993, ed. A. Milani, M. Di Martino, & A. Cellino (Dordrecht: Kluwer), 443
5. Barge, P., & Pellat, R. 1990, Icarus, 85, 481
6. _. 1991, Icarus, 93, 270
7. _. 1993, Icarus, 104, 79
8. Beckwith, S. V. W., & Sargent, A. I. 1996, Nature, 383, 139
9. Boss, A. P. 1993, ApJ, 417, 351
10. Cameron, A. G. W. 1995, Meteoritics, 30, 133
11. Davis, D. R., & Farinella, P. 1997, Icarus, 125, 50
12. Duncan, M. J., Levison, H. F., & Budd, S. M. 1995, AJ, 110, 3073
13. Edgeworth, K. E. 1949, MNRAS, 109, 600
14. Fernández, J. A. 1997, Icarus, 129, 106
15. Fernández, J. A., & Ip, W.-H. 1981, Icarus, 47, 470
16. _. 1984, Icarus, 58, 109
17. _. 1996, Ap&SS, 44, 431
18. Goldreich, P., & Ward, W. R. 1973, ApJ, 183, 1051
19. Greenberg, R., Bottke, W., Carusi, A., & Valsecchi, G. B. 1991, Icarus, 94, 98
20. Greenberg, R., Wacker, J. F., Hartmann, W. K., & Chapman, C. R. 1978, Icarus, 35, 1
21. Greenberg, R., Weidenschilling, S. J., Chapman, C. R., & Davis, D. R. 1984, Icarus, 59, 87
22. Greenzweig, Y., & Lissauer, J. J. 1990, Icarus, 87, 40
23. _. 1992, Icarus, 100, 440
24. Hayashi, C. 1981, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl., 70, 35
25. Hayashi, C., Nakazawa, K., & Nakagawa, Y. 1985, in Protostars and Planets II, ed. D. C. Black & M. S. Matthews (Tucson: Univ. Arizona Press), 1100
26. Holman, M. J., & Wisdom, J. 1993, AJ, 105, 1987
27. Hornung, P., Pellat, R., & Barge, P. 1985, Icarus, 64, 295
28. Housen, K. R., Schmidt, R. M., & Holsapple, K. A. 1991, Icarus, 94, 180
29. Ida, S. 1990, Icarus, 88, 129
30. Ida, S., & Makino, J. 1992a, Icarus, 96, 107
31. _. 1992b, Icarus, 98, 28
32. Ip, W.-H. 1989, Icarus, 80, 167
33. Ipatov, S. I. 1989, Astron. Vestn., 23, 197 (English transl. Sol. Syst. Res., 23, 119)
34. Ipatov, S. I. 1989, Astron. Vestn., 23, 197 (English transl. Sol. Syst. Res., 23, 119)
35. _. 1991, AZh Pisma, 17, 268 (English transl. Soviet Astron. Lett., 17, 113)
36. _. 1991, AZh Pisma, 17, 268 (English transl. Soviet Astron. Lett., 17, 113)
37. Jewitt, D. C., & Luu, J. X. 1995, AJ, 109, 1867
38. Jewitt, D., Luu, J., & Chen, J. 1996, AJ, 112, 1225
39. Kenyon, S. J., & Hartmann, L. W. 1995, ApJS, 101, 177
40. Kokubo, E., & Ida, S. 1996, Icarus, 123, 180
41. Kolvoord, R. A., & Greenberg, R. 1992, Icarus, 98, 2
42. Kuiper, G. P. 1951, in Astrophysics: A Topical Symposium, ed. J. A. Hynek (New York: McGraw-Hill), 357
43. Levison, H. F., & Duncan, M. J. 1993, ApJ, 406, L35
44. Lissauer, J. J., Pollack, J. B., Wetherill, G. W., & Stevenson, D. J. 1995, in Neptune and Triton, ed. D. P. Cruikshank, M. S. Matthews, & A. M. Schumann (Tucson: Univ. Arizona Press), 37
45. Lissauer, J. J., & Stewart, G. R. 1993, in Protostars and Planets III, ed. E. H. Levy & J. I. Lunine (Tucson: Univ. Arizona Press), 1061
46. Luu, J., Marsden, B. G., Jewitt, D., Trujillo, C. A., Hergenrother, C. W., Chen, J., & Offutt, W. B. 1997, Nature, 387, 573
47. Malhotra, R. 1993, Nature, 365, 819
48. _. 1995, AJ, 110, 420
49. _. 1996, AJ, 111, 504
50. Morbidelli, A., Thomas, F., & Moons, M. 1995, Icarus, 118, 322
51. Nakagawa, Y., Hayashi, C., & Nakazawa, K. 1983, Icarus, 54, 361
52. Ohtsuki, K. 1992, Icarus, 98, 20
53. Ohtsuki, K., & Nakagawa, Y. 1988, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl., 96, 239
54. Ohtsuki, K., Nakagawa, Y., & Nakazawa, K. 1990, Icarus, 83, 205
55. Pollack, J. B., Hubickyj, O., Bodenheimer, P., Lissauer, J. J., Podolak, M., & Greenzweig, Y. 1996, Icarus, 124, 62
56. Ruden, S. P., & Lin, D. N. C. 1986, ApJ, 308, 883
57. Ruden, S. P., & Pollack, J. B. 1991, ApJ, 375, 740
58. Russell, S. S., Srinivasan, G., Huss, G. R., Wasserburg, G. J., & Macpherson, G. J. 1996, Science, 273, 757
59. Safronov, V. S. 1969, Evoliutsiia Doplanetnogo Oblaka i Obrazovanie Zemli i Planet (Moscow: Nauka) (English transl. Evolution of the Protoplanetary Cloud and Formation of Earth and the Planets [NASA Tech. Transl. F-677] [Jerusalem: Israel Program Sci. Transl.] [1972])
60. Safronov, V. S. 1969, Evoliutsiia Doplanetnogo Oblaka i Obrazovanie Zemli i Planet (Moscow: Nauka) (English transl. Evolution of the Protoplanetary Cloud and Formation of Earth and the Planets [NASA Tech. Transl. F-677] [Jerusalem: Israel Program Sci. Transl.] [1972])
61. Sargent, A. I., & Beckwith, S. V. W. 1993, Phys. Today, 46, 22
62. Silk, J., & Takahashi, T. 1979, ApJ, 229, 242
63. Spaute, D., Weidenschilling, S. J., Davis, D. R., & Marzari, F. 1991, Icarus, 92, 147
64. Stern, S. A. 1995, AJ, 110, 856
65. _. 1996, AJ, 112, 1203
66. Stern, S. A., & Colwell, J. E. 1997a, AJ, 114, 841
67. _. 1997b, ApJ, 490, 879
68. Stewart, G. R., & Wetherill, G. W. 1988, Icarus, 75, 542
69. Strom, S. E., Edwards, S., & Skrutskie, M. F. 1993, in Protostars and Planets III, ed. E. H. Levy & J. I. Lunine (Tucson: Univ. Arizona Press), 837
70. Tanaka, H., & Nakazawa, K. 1993, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 45, 361
71. _. 1994, Icarus, 107, 404
72. Trubnikov, B. A. 1971, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 196, 1316
73. von Smoluchowski, M. 1916, Z. Phys., 17, 557
74. Weidenschilling, S. J. 1977, Ap&SS, 51, 153
75. _. 1980, Icarus, 44, 172
76. Weidenschilling, S. J., & Cuzzi, J. N. 1993, in Protostars and Planets III, ed. E. H. Levy & J. I. Lunine (Tucson: Univ. Arizona Press), 1031
77. Weidenschilling, S. J., & Davis, D. R. 1992, in Lunar and Planetary Science XXIII (Houston: Lunar Planet. Inst.), 1507
78. Wetherill, G. W. 1990, Icarus, 88, 336
79. Wetherill, G. W., & Stewart, G. R. 1989, Icarus, 77, 300
80. _. 1993, Icarus, 106, 190 (WS93)