Intercomparison of radiative transfer codes under non-local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 107, Issue 22, 2002, Pages

  Von Clarmann, T ^a   Dudhia, A ^b   Edwards, D P ^c   Funke, B ^d   Hopfner M ^a   Kerridge, B ^e   Kostsov, V ^f   Linden, A ^a   Lopez Puertas M ^d   Timofeyev, Yu ^f  

^a KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^d INSTITUTO DE ASTROFÍSICA DE ANDALUCÍA CSIC   (Spain)

^e RUTHERFORD APPLETON LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

^f ST PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

1610 Global change: atmosphere (0315, 0325); 1640 Global change: remote sensing; 3210 Mathematical geophysics: modeling

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; CLIMATOLOGY; HEAT RADIATION; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; REMOTE SENSING;

ALGORITHM; COMPARATIVE STUDY; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; SPECTRAL ANALYSIS; TEMPERATURE PROFILE; THERMODYNAMICS;

EID: 0013024753     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001JD001551     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Beer, R., and T. A. Glavich, Remote sensing of the troposphere by infrared emission spectroscopy, Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 1129, 42-51, 1989.
2. Clough, S. A., F. X. Kneizys, and R. W. Davies, Line shape and the water vapour continuum, Atmos. Res., 23, 229-241, 1989.
3. Clough, S. A., M. J. Iacono, and J.-L. Moncret, Line-by-line calculations of atmospheric fluxes and cooling rates: Application to water vapor, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 15,761-15,786, 1992.
4. Cousin, C., R. Le Doucen, C. Boulet, and A. Henry, Temperature dependence of the absorption in the region beyond the 4.3-μm band head of CO 2, 2, N2 and O2 broadening, Appl. Opt., 24, 3899-3907, 1985.
5. Curtis, A. R., Discussions on "A statistical model for water-vapour absorption" R. M. Goody, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 638-640, 1952.
6. Drummond, J. R., J. T. Houghton, G. D. Peskett, C. D. Rodgers, M. J. Wale, J. Whitney, and E. J. Williamson, The stratospheric and mesospheric sounder on Nimbus 7, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 296, 219-241, 1980.
7. Edwards, D. P., GENLN2: A general line-by-line atmospheric transmittance and radiance model, Version 3.0 description and users guide, Rep. NCAR/TN-367+STR, Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo., 1992.
8. Edwards, D. P., and L. L. Strow, Spectral line shape considerations for limb temperature sounders, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 20,859-20,868, 1991.
9. Edwards, D. P., M. López-Puertas, and M. A. López-Valverde, Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium studies of the 15-μm bands of CO 2 for atmospheric remote sensing, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 14,955-14,977, 1993.
10. Edwards, D. P., M. López-Puertas, and M. G. Mlynczak, Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiance from O3 and CO2 in the 9-11-μm spectral region, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 52, 389-407, 1994.
11. Edwards, D. P., J. C. Gille, P. L. Bailey, and J. J. Barnett, Selection of sounding channels for the high resolution dynamics limb sounder (HIRDLS), Appl. Opt., 34, 7006-7018, 1995.
12. Edwards, D. P., J. B. Kumer, M. López-Puertas, M. G. Mlynczak, A. Gopalan, J. C. Gille, and A. Roche, Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium limb radiance near 10 μm as measured by UARS/CLAES, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 26,577-26,588, 1996.
13. Edwards, D. P., M. López-Puertas, and R. R. Gamache, The non-LTE correction to the vibrational component of the internal partition sum for atmospheric calculations, J Quant. Spectrosc. Radial. Transfer, 59, 423-436, 1998.
14. Edwards, D. P., G. Zaragoza, M. Riese, and M. López-Puertas, Evidence of non-LTE in the infrared emissions of H2O as measured by the CRISTA-1 Shuttle instrument, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 29,003-29,021, 2000.
15. Fischer, H., and H. Oelhaf, Remote sensing of vertical profiles of atmospheric trace constituents with MIPAS limb-emission spectrometers, Appl. Opt., 35, 2787-2796, 1996.
16. Fischer, H., G. P. Anderson, T. von Clarmann, S. A. Clough, M. T. Coffey, A. Goldman, and F. X. Kneizys, Intercomparison of Transmittance and Radiance Algorithms (ITRA), Report of the Limb-Group of the ITRA, Workshop at the University of Maryland, 12-14 March 1986, KfK 4349, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany, 1988.
17. Funke, B., G. Stiller, T. von Clarmann, G. Echle, and H. Fischer, CO 2 line mixing in MIPAS limb emission spectra and its influence on retrieval of atmospheric parameters, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 59, 215-230, 1998.
18. Funke, B., M. López-Puertas, G. Stiller, T. von Clarmann, M. Höpfner, and M. Kuntz, Non-LTE state distribution of nitric oxide and its impact on the retrieval of the stratospheric daytime NO profile from MIPAS limb sounding experiments, Adv. Space Res., 26(6), 947-950, 2000.
19. Gille, J. C., and J. J. Barnett, Conceptual design of the high resolution dynamics limb sounder (HIRDLS) for the EOS chemistry mission, in Optical Spectroscopic Techniques and Instrumentation for Atmospheric and Space Research II, 5-6 August 1996, Denver, CO, SPIE Proceedings, 2830, pp. 190-201, 1996.
20. Godson, W. L., The computation of infrared transmission by atmospheric water vapor, J. Meteorol., 12, 272-284, 1955.
21. Hollweg, H.-D., V. S. Kostsov, G. Schlssel, P. Schlssel, Y. M. Timofeyev, M. V. Tonkov, A. V. Polyakov, and N. N. Filippov, Interaction at mm and optical frequencies, part II, Specific atmospheric absorption and emission features: Investigation and modeling, Tech. Rep., Final Report of ESA ESTEC Contract 10603/93/NL/NB, Eur. Space Agency, 1995.
22. Höpfner, M., et al., MIPAS-STR data analysis of APE-GAIA measurements, in Proceedings of the International Radiation Symposium IRS 2000: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, St. Petersburg, Russia. 24-29 July 2000, 2000.
23. Höpfner, M., T. Blumenstock, F. Hase, A. Zimmermann, H. Flentje, and S. Fueglistaler, Mountain polar stratospheric cloud measurements by ground base FTIR solar absorption spectroscopy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2189-2192, 2001.
24. Humlíček, J., Optimized computation of the Voigt and complex probability functions, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 27, 437-444, 1982.
25. Kostsov, V. S., and Yu. M. Timofeyev, Interpretation of satellite measurements of the outgoing nonequilibrium IR radiation in the CO2 15-μm band, 1, Description of the method and analysis of its accuracy, Atmos. Ocean. Phys., 37, 728-738, Engl. transl., 2001.
26. Kostsoy, V. S., Yu. M. Timofeyev, and H. Grassl, Possibilities of determining vibrational temperature profiles of 15-μm CO2 band from earth limb radiation measurements, Atmos. Ocean. Phys. (English edition), 28(6), 457-465, 1992.
27. Kostsov, V. S., Yu. M. Timofeyev, K. Vollmann, and K. Grossmann, Preliminary results of the retrieval of the CO2 vibrational state populations from the 15 μm limb radiance spectra measured by CRISTA, in Proceedings of the XXV Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods, 21-25 September 1998, Granada, Spain, pp. 131-134, 1998.
28. Kostsov, V. S., Yu. M. Timofeyev, K. Grossmann, K. Vollmann, and H. Fischer, Interpretation of the limb radiance measurements accounting for the non-LTE conditions, in Proceedings of the European Symposium on Atmospheric Measurements from Space, ESAMS'99, 18-22 Jan 1999, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, pp. 251-256, 1999.
29. Kostsov, V. S., Yu. M. Timofeyev, K. Grossmann, M. Kaufmann, and J. Oberheide, Interpretation of satellite measurements of the outgoing nonequilibrium IR radiation in the CO2 15-μm band, 2, Processing the CRISTA experimental data, Atmos. Ocean. Phys., 37, 739-747, Engl. transl., 2001.
30. Kuntz, M., A new implementation of the Humlicek algorithm for the calculation of the Voigt profile function, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radial. Transfer, 57, 819-824, 1997.
31. Le Doucen, R., C. Cousin, C. Boulet, and A. Henry, Temperature dependence of the absorption in the region beyond the 4.3-μm band head of CO 2, 1, Pure CO2 case, Appl. Opt., 24, 897-906, 1985.
32. López-Puertas, M., and F. W. Taylor, Non-LTE Radiative Transfer in the Atmosphere, World Sci. Publ. Co., Singapore, 2001.
33. López-Puertas, M., M. A. López-Valverde, D. P. Edwards, and F. W. Taylor, Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium populations of the first vibrational excited state of CO in the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8933-8947, 1993.
34. López-Valverde, M. A., M. López-Puertas, C. J. Marks, and F. W. Taylor, Global and seasonal variations in the middle atmosphere carbon monoxide from UARS/ISAMS, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 124-127, 1993.
35. López-Valverde, M. A., M. López-Puertas, J. J. Remedios, C. D. Rodgers, F. W. Taylor, E. C. Zipf, and P. W. Erdmann, Validation of measurements of carbon monoxide from the improved stratospheric and mesospheric sounder, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 9929-9955, 1996.
36. López-Valverde, M. A., D. P. Edwards, M. López-Puertas, and C. Roldán, Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium in general circulation models of the Martian atmosphere, part 1, Effects of the local thermodynamic equilibrium approximation on thermal cooling and solar heating, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 16,799-16,811, 1998.
37. Mertens, C. J., M. G. Mlynczak, M. López-Puertas, P. P. Wintersteiner, R. Picard, R. Winick, L. L. Gordley, and J. M. Russell III, Retrieval of mesospheric and lower thermospheric kinetic temperatures from measurements of CO2 15 μm Earth limb emission under non-LTE conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1391-1394, 2001.
38. Menoux, V., R. le Doucen, and C. Boulet, Line shape in the low-frequency wing of self-broadened CO2 lines, Appl. Opt., 26, 554-562, 1987a.
39. Menoux, V., R. le Doucen, and C. Boulet, Line shape in the low-frequency wing of N2 and O2 broadened CO2 lines, Appl. Opt., 26, 5183-5189, 1987b.
40. Menoux, V., R. le Doucen, J. Boissoles, and C. Boulet, Line shape in the low-frequency wing of self- and N2-broadened ν3 CO 2 lines: Temperature dependence of the asymmetry lines, Appl. Opt., 30, 281-286, 1991.
41. Mlynczak, M. G., and J. M. Russell III, An overview of the SABER experiment for the TIMED mission, in Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere 2, OSA Technical Digest Series, pp. 5-7, Opt. Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C., 1995.
42. Ridolfi, M., et al., Optimized forward model and retrieval scheme for MIPAS near-real-time data processing, Appl. Opt., 39, 1323-1340, 2000.
43. Riese, M., R. Spang, R. Preusse, M. Ern, M. Jamish, D. Offermann, and K. U. Grossmann, Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) data processing and atmospheric temperature and gas retrieval, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16,349-16,367, 1999.
44. Roche, A. E., J. B. Kumer, J. L. Mergenthaler, G. A. Ely, E. G. Uplinger, J. F. Potter, T. C. James, and L. W. Sterritt, The Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer CLAES on UARS: Experiment description and performance, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10,763-10,775, 1993.
45. Roldán, C., M. A. López-Valverde, M. López-Puertas, and D. P. Edwards, Non-LTE infrared emissions of CO2 in the atmosphere of Venus, Icarus, 147, 11-25, 2000.
46. Rothman, L. S., et al., The HITRAN molecular spcctroscopic database and HAWKS (HITRAN Atmospheric Workstation): 1996 Edition, Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 60, 665-710, 1998.
47. Russell, J. M., III, and J. C. Gille, in The Nimbus 7 User's Guide, edited by C. R. Madrid, pp. 71-103, Natl. Aeronaut. and Space Admin., Greenbelt, Md., 1978.
48. Stiller, G. P., The Karlsruhe Optimized and Precise Radiative Transfer Algorithm (KOPRA), FZKA 6487, Forsch. Karlsruhe, Germany, 2001.
49. Stiller, G. P., T. von Clarmann, B. Funke, N. Glatthor, F. Hase, M. Höpfner, and A. Linden, Sensitivity of trace gas abundance retrievals from infrared limb emission spectra to simplifying approximations in radiative transfer modeling, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 72, 249-280, 2002.
50. Taylor, F. W., et al., Remote sensing of atmospheric structure and composition by pressure modulator radiometry from space: The ISAMS experiment on UARS, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10,799-10,814, 1993.
51. Timofeyev, Yu. M., V. S. Kostsov, and H. Grassl, Numerical investigations of the accuracy of the remote sensing of non-LTE atmosphere by space-borne spectral measurements of limb IR radiation: 15 μm CO2 bands, 9.6 μm O3 bands, and 10 μm CO2 laser bands, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 53, 613-632, 1995.
52. von Clarmann, T., and A. Friedle, The MIPAS ENVISAT level 2 scientific offline processor, 2, Retrieval Concepts, in Proceedings of the "Proc. 8th International Workshop on Atmospheric Science from Space using Fourier Transform Spectroscopy," ASSFTS '98, 16-18 November 1998, Toulouse. France, St. Petersburg. Russia, 24-29 July. 1999.
53. von Clarmann, T., A. Linden, B. Funke, A. Dudhia, D. P. Edwards, M. López-Puertas, B. Kerridge, V. Kostsov, and Yu. Timofeyev, Limb radiance modeling intercomparison for non-local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions, in Proceedings of the International Radiation Symposium IRS 2000: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, St. Petersburg, Russia, 24-29 July 2000, 2000.
54. Wells, R. J., Rapid approximation to the Voigt/Faddeeva function and its derivatives, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 62, 29-48, 1999.
55. Zachor, A. S., and R. D. Sharma, Retrieval of non-LTE vertical structure from a spectrally resolved infrared limb radiance profile, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 467, 1985.
56. Zachor, A. S., R. D. Sharma, R. M. Nadile, and A. T. Stair Jr., Inversion of a spectrally resolved limb radiance profile for the NO fundamental band, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 9776, 1985.
57. Zhou, D. K., G. E. Bincham, B. K. Rezai, G. P. Andersen, D. R. Smith, and R. M. Nadile, Stratospheric CH4, N2O, H2O, NO2, N2O5, and ClONO2 profiles retrieved from cryogenic infrared radiance instrumentation for shuttle (CIRRIS 1A)/STS39 measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 3559-3573, 1997.
58. Zhou, D. K., M. G. Mlynczak, G. E. Bingham, J. O. Wise, and R. M. Nadile, CIRRIS-1A limb spectral measurements of mesospheric 9.6-μm airglow and ozone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 643-646, 1998.
59. Zhou, D. K., M. G. Mlynczak, M. López-Puertas, and G. Zaragoza, Evidence of non-LTE effects in mesospheric water vapour from spectrally-resolved emissions observed by CIRRIS-1A, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 67-70, 1999.