Compositionally-diverse miocene-recent rift-related magmatism in northwest colorado: Partial melting, and mixing of mafic magmas from 3 different asthenospheric and lithospheric mantle sources

Journal of Petrology

Volumn Special_Volume, Issue 1, 1988, Pages 351-377

  Leat, P T ^a   Thompson, R N ^a   Morrison, M A ^b   Hendry, G L ^b   Dickin, A P ^c  

^a DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^c MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0012772180     PISSN: 00223530     EISSN: 14602415     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/petrology/Special_Volume.1.351     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Angevine, C. L., & Flanagan, K. M., 1987. Buoyant sub-surface loading of the lithosphere in the Great Plains foreland basin. Nature 327, 137-9.
2. Bass, N. W., & Northrop, S. A., 1963. Geology of the Glenwood Springs quadrangle and vicinity northwestern Colorado. US Geol. Surv. Bull. 1142-J, 1-74.
3. Boyd, F. R., & Gurney, J. J., 1986. Diamonds and the African lithosphere. Science 232, 472-7.
4. Buck, W. R., 1986. Small-scale convection induced by passive rifting: The cause for uplift of rift shoulders. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 77, 362-72.
5. Buffler, R. T., 1967. The Brown’s Park Forjnation and its relationship to the late Tertiary geologic history of the Elkhead region, northwestern Colorado. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.
6. Chapin, C. E., 1979. Evolution of the Rio Grande rift—a summary. In: Riecker, R. E. (ed.), Rio Grande Rift: Tectonics and Magmatism. Washington D.C.: Am. Geophys. Union, 1-5.
7. Chapin, C. E., Cather, S. M., 1981. Eocene tectonics and sedimentation in the Colorado Plateau-Rocky Mountain area. Arizona geol. Soc. Digest, 14, 173-98.
8. Christensen, A. L., 1942. Igneous geology of the Elkhead Mountains, Colorado. Ph.D. thesis, University of California.
9. Christiansen, R. L., & Lipman, P. W., 1972. Cenozoic volcanism and plate-tectonic evolution of the western United States. II. Late Cenozoic. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A271, 249-84.
10. Condie, K. C., 1986. Geochemistry and tectonic setting of early Proterozoic supracrustal rocks in the southwestern United States. J. Geol. 94, 845-64.
11. Cordell, L., & Keller, G. R., 1984. Regional structural trends inferred from gravity and aeromagnetic data in the New Mexico—Colorado border region. New Mexico Geol. Soc. Guidebook, 35th Field Conference, 21-3.
12. Divis, A. F., 1977. Isotopic studies on a Precambrian geochronologic boundary, Sierra Madre Mountains, Wyoming, Bull. geol. Soc. Am. 88, 96-100.
13. Dudas, F. O., Carlson, R. W., & Eggler, D. H., 1987. Regional middle Proterozoic enrichment of the subcontinental mantle source of igneous rocks from central Montana. Geology 15, 22-5.
14. Duncker, K. E., Wolff, J. A., Harmon, R. S., Leat, P. T., Thompson, R. N., & Baldridge, W. S., 1987. Stable isotope constraints on the petrogenesis of Cerros del Rio magmas. Trans. Am. geophys. Union. 68, 1532.
15. Dungan, M. A., Lindstrom, M. M., McMillan, N. J., Moorbath, S., Hoefs, J., & Haskin, L. A., 1986. Open system magmatic evolution of the Taos Plateau volcanic field, northern New Mexico. 1. The petrology and geochemistry of the Servilleta basalt. J. geophys. Res. 91, 5999-6028.
16. Eggler, D. H., McCallum, M. E., & Smith, C. B., 1979. Megacryst assemblages in kimberlite from northern Colorado and southern Wyoming: Petrology, geothermometry-bathometry, and areal distribution. In: Boyd, F. R„ & Meyer, H. O. A. (eds) Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference, 2, 213-26.
17. Elston, W. E., & Bornhorst, T. J., 1979. The Rio Grande rift in context of regional post-40 m.y. volcanic and tectonic events. In: Riecker, R. E. (ed.), Rio Grande Rift: Tectonics and Magmatism. Washington D.C: Am. Geophys. Union, 416-38.
18. Fitton, J. G., & Dunlop, H. M., 1985. The Cameroon Line, West Africa, and its bearing on the origin of oceanic and continental alkali basalt. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 72, 23-38.
19. Harland, W. B., Cox, A. V., Llewellyn, P. G., Pickton, C. A. G., Smith, A. G., & Walters, R., 1982. A Geologic Time Scale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
20. Hedge, C. E., Houston, R. S., Tweto, O. L., Peterman, Z. E., Harrison, J. E., & Reid, R. R., 1986. The-Precambrian of the Rocky Mountain region. US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 1241-D, 1-17.
21. Hunter, R. H., 1987. Textural equilibrium in igneous rocks. In: Parsons, I. (ed.) Origins of Igneous Layering. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 473-503.
22. Izett, G. A., 1975. Late Cenozoic sedimentation and deformation in northern Colorado and adjoining areas. Mem. geol. Soc. Am. 144, 179-209.
23. Jaques, A. L., Lewis, J. D., Smith, C. B., Gregory, G. P., Ferguson, J., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T., 1984. The diamond-bearing ultrapotassic (lamproitic) rocks of the west Kimberley Region, Western Australia. In: Kornprobst, J. (ed.) Kimberlites, 1. Kimberlites and Related Rocks. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 225-54.
24. Johnson, R. A., Karlstrom, K. E., Smithson, S. B„ & Houston, R. S., 1984. Gravity profiles across the Cheyenne Belt, a Precambrian crustal suture in southeastern Wyoming. J. Geodynamics 1, 445-72.
25. Karlstrom, K. E., & Houston, R. S., 1984. The Cheyenne Belt: Analysis of a Proterozoic suture in southern Wyoming. Precambrian Res. 25, 415-46.
26. Kay, S. M., Kay, R. W., Hangus, J., & Snedden, T., 1978. Crustal xenoliths from potassic lavas, Leucite Hills, Wyoming. Geol. Soc. Am. Abst. Programs. 3, 432.
27. Larson, E. E., & Amini, M. H., 1981. Fission-track dating of the Green Mountain kimberlite diatreme, near Boulder, Colorado. Mountain Geol. 1, 19-22.
28. Larson, E. E., & Amini, M. H., Ozima, M., & Bradley, W. C., 1975. Late Cenozoic basic volcanism in northwestern Colorado and its implications concerning tectonism and the origin of the Colorado river system. Mem. geol. Soc. Am. 144, 155-78.
29. Leat, P. T., & Thompson, R. N., 1988. Miocene hydrovolcanism in northwest Colorado, U.S.A., fuelled by explosive mixing of basic magma and wet unconsolidated sediment. Bull. Volcanol. (in press).
30. Leat, P. T., & Thompson, R. N., Morrison, M. A., Hendry, G. L. & Dickin, A. P., 1988. Silicic magmas derived by fractional crystallization from Miocene minette, Elkhead Mountains, Colorado. Miner. Mag. (in press).
31. Leat, P. T., & Thompson, R. N., Trayhorn, S. C., 1987. Geodynamic significance of post-Variscan intrusive and extrusive potassic magmatism in southwest England. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci. 77, 349-60.
32. Le Bas, M. J., Le Matire, R. W., Streckeisen, A., & Zanettin, B., 1986. A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram. J. Petrology 27, 745-50.
33. Leeman, W. P., Menzies, M. A., Matty, D. J., & Embee, G. F., 1985. Strontium, neodymium and lead isotopic compositions of deep crustal xenoliths from the Snake River Plain: Evidence for Archean basement. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 75, 354-68.
34. Lipman, P. W., 1980. Cenozoic volcanism in the western United States: Implications for continental tectonics. In: Studies in Geophysics, Continental Tectonics, Washington D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 161-74.
35. Lipman, P. W., Prostka, H. J., & Christiansen, R. L., 1972. Cenozoic volcanism and plate-tectonic evolution of the western United States: I. Early and middle Cenozoic. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A271, 217-48.
36. Luedke, R. G., & Smith, R. L., 1978. Map showing distribution, composition, and age of late Cenozoic volcanic centers in Colorado, Utah, and southwestern Wyoming. US Geol. Surv. Map I-1091-B (1:1 000000).
37. Mallory, W. W., Post, E. V., Ruane, R. J., Lehmbeck, W. L., & Stotelmeyer, R. B., 1966. Mineral resources of the Flat Tops primitive area Colorado. US Geol. Surv. Bull. 1230-C, 1-30.
38. Mann, A. C., 1983. Trace element geochemistry of high alumina basalt-andesite-dacite-rhyodacite lavas of the Main Volcanic Series of Santorini volcano, Greece. Contr. Miner. Petrol. 84, 43-57.
39. Marvin, R. F., Mehnert, H. H., & Mountjoy, W. M., 1966. Age of basalt cap on Grand Mesa. US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 550-A, 81.
40. McCallum, M. E., & Eggler, D. H., 1976. Diamonds in an upper mantle peridotite nodule from kimberlite in southern Wyoming. Science 192, 253-6.
41. McCulloch, M. T., Jaques, A. L., Nelson, D. R., & Lewis, J. D., 1983. Nd and Sr isotopes in kimberlites and lamproites from Western Australia: An enriched mantle origin. Nature 302, 400-3.
42. McKenzie, D., 1985. The extraction of magma from the crust and mantle. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 74, 81-91.
43. McKenzie, D., 1987. The compaction of igneous and sedimentary rocks. J. geol. Soc. Lond. 144, 299-307.
44. Meen, J. K., & Eggler, D. H., 1987. Petrology and geochemistry of the Cretaceous Independence volcanic suite, Absaroka Mountains, Montana: Clues to the composition of the Archean sub-Montana mantle. Bull. geol. Soc. Am. 98, 238-47.
45. Morgan, P., & Golombeck, M. P., 1984. Factors controlling the phases and styles of extension in the northern Rio Grande rift. New Mexico Geol. Soc. Guidebook, 35th Field Conference, 13-19.
46. Morgan, P., & Golombeck, M. P., Seager, W. R., & Golombeck, M. P. 1986. Cenozoic thermal, mechanical and tectonic evolution of the Rio Grande rift. J. geophys. Res. 91, 6263-76.
47. Morrison, M. A., Hendry, G. L., & Leat, P. T., 1987. Regional and tectonic implications of parallel Caledonian and Permo-Carboniferous lamprophyre dyke-swarms from Lismore, Ardgour. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci. 77, 279-88.
48. Nelson, D. R., McCulloch, M. T., & Sun, S.-S., 1986. The origins of ultrapotassic rocks as inferred from Sr. Nd and Pb isotopes. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 50, 231-45.
49. Nicholls, I. A., 1971. Petrology of Santorini volcano, Cyclades, Greece. J. Petrology 12, 67-119.
50. Pearce, J. A., 1982. Trace element characteristics of lavas from destructive plate boundaries. In: Thorpe, R. S. (ed.) Andesites. Chichester: Wiley, 525-48.
51. Pearce, J. A., 1983. The role of sub-continental lithosphere in magma genesis at destructive plate margins. In: Hawkesworth, C. J., & Norry, M. J. (eds.), Continental Basalts and Mantle Xenoliths. Nantwich: Shiva, 230-49.
52. Pearce, J. A., Harris, N. B. W., & Tindle, A. G., 1984. Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. J. Petrology 25, 956-83.
53. Peccerillo, A., & Taylor, S. R., 1976. Geochemistry of Eocene calck-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, northern Turkey. Contr. Miner. Petrol. 58, 63-81.
54. Prodehl, C., & Pakiser, L. C., 1980. Crustal structure of the southern Rocky Mountains from seismic measurements. Bull. geol. Soc. Am. Part 1, 91, 147-55.
55. Rehrig, W. A., 1986. Processes of regional extension in the western cordillera: Insights from the metamorphic core complexes. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 208, 97-122.
56. Rinehart, E. J., Sanford, A. R., & Ward, R. M., 1979. Geographic extent and shape of an extensive magma body at mid-crustal depths in the Rio Grande rift near Socorro, New Mexico. In: Riecker, R. E. (ed.) Rio Grande Rift: Tectonics and Magmatism. Washington D.C.: Am. Geophys. Union, 237-51.
57. Rock, N. M. S., 1984. Nature and origin of calc-alkaline lamprophyres: Minettes, vogesites, kersantites and spessartites. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci. 74, 193-227.
58. Rogers, N. W., Hawkesworth, C. J., Parker, R. J., & Marsh, J. S., 1985. The geochemistry of potassic lavas from Vulsini, central Italy and implications for mantle enrichment processes beneath the Roman region. Contr. Miner. Petrol. 90, 244-57.
59. Ross, C. S., 1926. Colorado lamprophyre of the verite type. Am. J. Sci. 12, 217-29.
60. Saunders, A. D., & Tarney, J., 1984. Geochemical characteristics of basaltic volcanism within back-arc basins. In: Kokelaar, B. P., & Howells, M. F. (eds.) Marginal Basin Geology. Gol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ. 16, 59-76.
61. Seager, W. R., Shafiquillah, M., Hawley, J. W., & Marvin, R. F., 1984. New K-Ar dates from basalts and the evolution of the southern Rio Grande rift. Bull. geol. Soc. Am. 95, 87-99.
62. Segerstrom, K., & Young, E. J., 1972. General geology of the Hahns Peak and Farwell Mountain quadrangles, Routt County, Colorado. US Geol. Surv. Bull. 1349, 1-63.
63. Snyder, G. L., 1978. Intrusive rocks northeast of Steamboat Springs, Park Range, Colorado. US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 1041, 1-42.
64. Snyder, G. L., 1980. Geologic map of the northernmost Park Range and southernmost Sierra Madre, Jackson and Routt Counties, Colorado. US Geol. Surv. Map 1-1113 (1:48 000).
65. Snyder, W. S., Dickinson, W. R., & Silberman, M. L., 1976. Tectonic implications of space-time patterns of Cenozoic magmatism in the western United States. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 32, 91-106.
66. Steckler, M. S., 1985. Uplift and extension at the Gulf of Suez: Indications of induced mantle convection. Nature 317, 135-9.
67. Taylor, S. R., & McLennan, S. M., 1985. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution. Oxford Blackwell.
68. Thompson, R. N., Morrison, M. A., Dickin, A. P., & Hendry, G. L., 1983. Continental flood basalts… Arachnids rule OK? In: Hawkesworth, C. J., & Norry, M. J., (eds.) Continental Basalts and Mantle Xenoliths. Nantwich: Shiva, 158-85.
69. Thompson, R. N., Morrison, M. A., Dickin, A. P., & Hendry, G. L., Hendry, G. L., & Parry, S. J., 1984. An assessment of the relative roles of crust and mantle in magma genesis: An elemental approach. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A310, 549-90.
70. Thompson, R. N., Morrison, M. A., Dickin, A. P., & Hendry, G. L., 1988. Asthenospheric and lower-lithospheric mantle contributions to continental extensional magmatism: An example from the British Tertiary Province. Chem. Geol. 68, 1-15.
71. Thorpe, R. S., 1987. Permian K-rich volcanic rocks of Devon: Petrogenesis, tectonic setting and geological significance. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci. 77, 361-4.
72. Thorpe, R. S., Francis, P. W., & O’Callaghan, L., 1984. Relative roles of source composition, fractional crystallization and crustal contamination in the petrogenesis of Andean volcanic rocks. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A310, 675-92.
73. Tweto, O., 1975. Laramide (late Cretaceous-early Tertiary) orogeny in the southern Rocky Mountains. Mem. qeol. Soc. Am. 144, 1-44.
74. Tweto, O., 1976. Geologic map of the Craig l°x2° quadrangle, northwestern Colorado. US Geol. Surv. Map 1-972 (1:250000, reprint 1981).
75. Tweto, O., 1979. The Rio Grande rift system in Colorado. In: Riecker, R. E. (ed.) Rio Grande Rift: Tectonics and Magmatism. Washington D.C.: Am. Geophys. Union, 33-56.
76. Tweto, O., Moench, R. H., & Reed, J. C., 1978. Geologic map of the Leadville 1 ° x 2° quadrangle, northwestern Colorado. US Geol. Surv. Map 1-999 (1:250000).
77. Vollmer, R., Ogden, P., Schilling, J.-G., Kingsley, R. H., & Waggoner, D. G., 1984. Nd and Sr isotopes in ultrapotassic volcanic rocks from the Leucite Hills, Wyoming. Contr. Miner. Petrol. 87, 359-68.
78. Weaver, B. L., Wood, D. A., Tarney, J., & Joron, J. L., 1986. Role of subducted sediment in the genesis of ocean- island basalts: Geochemical evidence from the South Atlantic Ocean islands. Geology 14, 275-8.
79. Wood, D. A., 1978. Major and trace element variations in the Tertiary lavas of eastern Iceland and their significance with respect to the Iceland geochemical anomaly. J. Petrology 19, 393-436.
80. York, D., Strangway, D. W., & Larson, E. E., 1971. Preliminary study ofa Tertiary magnetic transition in Colorado. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 11, 33-8.
81. Young, E. J., & Segerstrom, K., 1973. A disseminated silver-lead-zinc sulphide occurrence at Hahn’s Peak, Routt County, Colorado. US Geol. Surv. Bull. 1367, 1-31.
82. Yuen, D. A., & Fleitout, L., 1985. Thinning of the lithosphere by small-scale convective destabilization. Nature 313, 125-8.
83. Zindler, A., & Hart, S., 1986. Chemical geodynamics. Ann. Rev. Earth planet. Sci. 14, 493-571.