testing lake states TWIGS: five-year growth projections for upland hardwoods in northern lower michigan

Northern Journal of Applied Forestry

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 182-188

  Guertin, Patrick J ^a,b   Ramm, C W ^a,b  

^a U S ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER   (United States)

^b MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0012746021     PISSN: 07426348     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/njaf/13.4.182     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. ALBERT, D.A., S.R. DENTON, AND B.V. BARNES. 1986. Regional landscape ecosystems of Michigan. Sch. Natur. Resour., Univ. of Mich., Ann Arbor.
2. BEERS, T.W., AND C.I. MILLER. 1964. Point sampling: Research results, theory, and application. Purdue Univ. Agric. Exp. Stn., Resour. Bull. 786.56 p.
3. BELCHER, D.M., M.R. HOLDAWAY, AND G.J. BRAND. 1982. STEMS - the Stand and Tree Evaluation and Modeling System. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-79. 18 p.
4. BRAND, G.J., AND M.R. HOLDAWAY. 1989. Assessing the accuracy of TWIGS and STEMS85 volume predictions: A new approach. North. J. Appl. For. 6: 109-114.
5. CARMEAN, W.H. 1979a. A comparison of site index curves for northern hardwood species. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. NC-I67. 12 p.
6. CARMEAN, W.H. 1979b. Site index comparisons among northern hardwoods in northern hardwood Wisconsin and Upper Michigan. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. NC-169. 17 p.
7. CHAMBERS, C.J., JR. 1985. Calculating growth from variable plots: are we fitting square pegs into round holes? P. 11-14 in Proc., Growth and yield and other mensurational tricks. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-193. 98 p.
8. CHAPMAN, R.C. 1985. Square pegs and round holes: Proceed only with caution. P. 15-18 in Proc., Growth and yield and other mensurational tricks. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-193. 98 p.
9. CHRISTENSEN, L., J.T. HAHN, AND R.A. LEARY. 1979. Data base. P. 45-55 in A generalized forest growth projection system applied to the Lake States region. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-49.
10. CLELAND, D.T., J.B. HART, G.E. HOST, K.S. PREGITZER, AND C.W. RAMM. 1993. Field Guide: Ecological classification and inventory of the Huron-Manistee National Forests. USDA For. Serv. Huron-Manistee National Forests.
11. CLINTON, B.D., L.R. BORING, AND W.T. SWANK. 1993. Canopy gap characteristics and drouaht influences in oak forests of the Coweeta Basin. Ecology: 74(5): 1551-1558.
12. GANSNER, D.A. 1981. Estimating forest stand vulnerability to gypsy moth. P. 159-164 in Hazard ratine systems in forest insect pest management. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-27.
13. GERTNER, G.Z. 1987. Approximating precision in simulation projections: An efficient alternative to Monte Carlo methods. For. Sci. 33(1):230-239.
14. GERTNER, G.Z., AND P.J. DZIALOWY. 1984. Effects of measurement errors on an individual tree-based growth projection system. Can. J. For. Res. 14: 311-316.
15. GRIBKO, L.S., AND H.V. WIANT, JR. 1992. A SAS template program for the accuracy test. Compiler 10(1):48-51.
16. Grosenbaugh, L.R. 1958. Point-sampling and line-sampling: probability theory, geometric implication, synthesis. Occas. Pap. 160. USDA For. Serv. Southern For. Exp. Stn. 34 p.
17. Gross, H.L. 1991. Dieback and growth loss of sugar maple associated with defoliation by the forest tent caterpillar. For. Chron. 67(1):33-42.
18. HAHN, J.T., AND R.A. LEARY. 1979. Potential diameter growth functions. P. 22-26 in A generalized forest growth projection system applied to the Lake States region. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-49.
19. HINCKLEY, T.M., P.M. DOUGHERTY, J.P. LASSOIE, J.E. ROBERTS, AND R.O. TESKEY. 1979. A severe drought: Impact on tree growth, phenology, net photosynthetic rate and water relations. Am. Midl. Nat. 102(2):307-316.
20. HOLDAWAY, M.R. 1985. Adjusting STEMS growth model for Wisconsin forests. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. NC-267. 8 p.
21. HOLDAWAY, M.R. 1986. Modeling tree crown ratio. For. Chron. 62:451-455.
22. HOLDAWAY, M.R., AND G.J. BRAND. 1983. An evaluation of the STEMS tree growth projection system. Res. Pap. USDA For. Serv. NC-234. 20 p.
23. HOLDAWAY, M.R., AND G.J. BRAND. 1986. An evaluation of Lake States STEMS85. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. NC-269. 10 p.
24. HOST, G.E., K.S. PREGITZER, C.W. RAMM, J.B. HART, AND D.T. CLELAND. 1987. Landform-mediated differences in successional pathways among upland forest ecosystems in Northern Lower Michigan. For. Sci. 33(2):445-457.
25. HOST, G.E., K.S. PREGITZER, C.W. RAMM, D.P. LUSCH, AND D.T. CLELAND. 1988. Variations in overstory biomass among glacial landforms and ecological land units in northwestern Lower Michiean. Can. J. For. Res. 18(6):659-688.
26. HYLDAHL, C., AND K. POTTER-WITTER. 1993. Michigan's Oak Resource. USDA For. Serv. North Central Forest Exp. Stn. Unpublished report.
27. KOLB, T.E., AND L.H. MCCORMICK. 1993. Etiology of sugar maple decline in four Pennsylvania stands. Can. J. For. Res. 23:2395-2402.
28. KOWALSKI, D.G., AND G.Z. GERTNER. 1989. A validation of TWIGS for Illinois forests. North. J. Appl. For. 6:154-156.
29. MINER, C.L., N.R. WALTERS, AND M.L. BELLI. 1988. A guide to the TWIGS program for the North Central United States. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-125. 105 p.
30. MOWRER, H.T. 1990. Estimating components of propagated variance in growth simulation model projections. Can. J. For. Res. 21: 379-386.
31. NURNBERGER, F.V. 1989. The 1988 weather in review: A year of extremes. State clim., Mich. Dep. of Agric., Environ. Div., Clim. Prog.
32. PALMER, W.C. 1965. Meteorological drought. U.S. Dep. Comm. U.S. Weather Bur. Res. Pap. 45.
33. PAYANDEH, B., AND P. PAPADOPOL. 1994. Partial calibration of "ONTWIGS": A forest growth and yield projection system adapted for Ontario. North. J. Appl. For. 11(2):41-46.
34. RAMM, C.W., AND C.L. MINER. 1986. Growth and yield programs used on microcomputers in the North Central Region. North. J. Appl. For. 3:44-46.
35. RAUSCHER, U.M. 1984. Homogeneous macro-climatic zones of the Lake States. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. NC-240. 39 p.
36. RAUSCHER, H.M. 1986. The microcomputer scientific software series 4: Testina prediction accuracy. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-107. 19 p.
37. SMITH, B.W. 1983. Adjusting the STEMS regional forest growth model to improve local predictions. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note NC-297. 5 p.
38. TAINTER, F.H., T.M. WILLIAMS, AND J.B. CODY. 1983. Drought as a cause of oak decline and death on the South Carolina Coast. Plant Dis. 67(2): 195-197.
39. USDA FOR. SERV. 1979. A generalized forest growth projection system applied to the Lake States reeion. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-49. 96 p.
40. WITTER, J.A., MATTSON, W.J., AND H.M. KULMAN. 1975. Numerical analysis of a forest tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) outbreak in northern Minnesota. Can. Entomol. 107(8):837-854.
41. YEISER, J.L., AND F. BURNETTE. 1982. Fate of forest trees stressed by heat and drought in southeastern Arkansas. South. J. Appl. For. 6(4):194-195.