Triangle orientation discrimination: The alternative to minimum resolvable temperature difference and minimum resolvable contrast

Optical Engineering

Volumn 37, Issue 7, 1998, Pages 1976-1983

  Bijl, Piet ^a,b   Valeton, J Mathieu ^a,b  

^a TNO   (Netherlands)

^b UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Human perception; Minimum resolvable temperature difference; Psychophysics; Sensor performance; Target acquisition

Indexed keywords

EID: 0012728369     PISSN: 00913286     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1117/1.601904     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. J. M. Lloyd, Thermal Imaging Systems, Plenum Press, New York (1975).
2. J. Johnson, "Analysis of image forming systems," in Proc. Image Intensifier Symp., pp. 249-273 (1958).
3. J. A. Ratches, "Static performance model for thermal imaging systerns," Opt. Eng. 15(6), 525-530 (1976).
4. L. Scott and D. Tomkinson, "An update to the C2NVEO FLIR90 and ACQUIRE sensor performance models," Proc. SPIE 1488, 99-109 (1991).
5. J. A. Ratches, W. R. Lawson, F. J. Shields, C. W. Hoover, L. P. Obert, S. P. Rodak, and M. C. Sola, Status of Sensor Performance Modelling at NV&EOL, Night Vision and Electro-Optics Laboratory, Fort Belvoir, VA (1981).
6. J. G. Vortman and A. Bar-Lev, "Improved minimum resolvable temperature difference model for infrared imaging systems," Opt. Eng. 26(6), 492-498 (1987).
7. FLIR92 Thermal Imaging Systems Performance Model, Analyst's Reference Guide, U.S. Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) document RG5008993, Fort Belvoir, VA (1993).
8. C. M. Webb, "MRTD, how far can we stretch it?" in Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing V, Proc. SPIE 2224, 297-307 (1994).
9. G. C. Holst, Electro-Optical Imaging System Performance, SPIE Optical Engineering Press, Bellingham, WA (1995).
10. A. van Meeteren, "Characterization of task performance with viewing instruments," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 7(10), 2016-2023 (1990).
11. J. J. Vos and A. van Meeteren, "PHIND, an analytical model to predict target acquisition distance with image intensifiers," Appl. Opt. 30 958-966 (1991).
12. G. R. Gerhart, E. L. Bednarz, T. J. Meitzler, E. Sohn, and R. E. Karlsen, "Target acquisition methodology for visual and infrared imaging sensors," Opt. Eng. 35(10), 3026-3036 (1996).
13. H. R. Blackwell, "Contrast thresholds of the human eye," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 36(11), 624-643 (1946).
14. H. R. Blackwell and D. W. McCready, "Foveal detection thresholds for various durations of target presentation," in Proc. NAS-NCR Vision Cominee (1952).
15. A. H. Lettington, A. M. Fairhurst, and K. St. J. Murphy, "Visual recognition of blurred shapes," in Applications of Digital Image Processing XVII, Proc. SPIE 2298, 698-707 (1994).
16. A. H. Lettington, A. M. Fairhurst, and K. St. J. Murphy, "Study of the human recognition of images to evaluate current performance measures," in Infrared Technology and Applications XXII, Proc. SPIE 2470, 190-199 (1995).
17. A. M. Fairhurst, A. H. Lettington, and K. St. J. Murphy, "Model to predict the probability of recognition of shapes viewed through a thermal imager," Proc. SPIE 2744, 611-617 (1996).
18. A. M. Fairhurst and A. H. Lettington, "The effect of fixed pattern noise on human visual recognition," in Proc. I.O.P. Applied Optics and Optoelectronics, pp. 79-84, Reading, UK (1996).
19. D. I. Bradley, C. J. Baddiley, and P. N. J. Dennis, "The modulation transfer function of focal plane array systems," in Passive Infrared Systems and Technology, Proc. SPIE 807, 33-41 (1987).
20. G. C. Holst, "Effects of phasing on MRT target visibility," in Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing II, Proc. SPIE 1488, 90-98 (1991).
21. P. Bijl and I. M. Valeton, "A bias-free procedure for the measurement of the MRTD and MRC," in preparation.
22. R. T. Flaherty and W. R. Lawson, Recognition Performance of a Staring Forward Looking Infrared System (FLIR), IRIS Symposium, Washington (1990).
23. A. H. Lettington and Q. H. Hong, "An objective MRTD for discrete infrared imaging systems," Meas. Sci. Technol. 4, 1106-1110(1993).
24. P. Bijl and J. M. Valeton, "Minimum resolvable contrast measurement for the HSA MARK II CCD camera system," Report TNO-TM 1994 C-15 (Company Confidential), TNO Human Factors Research Institute, Soesterberg, the Netherlands (1994).
25. C. J. Bartleson and F. Grum, Optical Radiation Measurements, Vol. 5: Visual Measurement, Academic Press, New York (1984).
26. NATO, "Measurement of the minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) of thermal cameras," STANAG 4349, NATO, Brussels, Belgium (1995).
27. NATO, "Measurement of the minimum resolvable contrast (MRC) for image intensifier systems," STANAG 4351, NATO, Brussels, Belgium (1987).
28. J. J. Vos, "Standaardisering van de gezichtsscherptebepaling met optotypenkaarten," Tijd. Soc. Geneesk. 47(23, suppl. 3) (1969) (in Dutch).
29. A. B. Watson, "Probability summation over time," Vis. Res. 19, 515-522 (1979).
30. P. Bijl, J. J. Koenderink and A. Toet, "Visibility of blobs with a Gaussian luminance profile," Vis. Res. 29, 447-456 (1989).
31. P. Bijl and J. J. Koenderink, "Visibility of elliptical Gaussian blobs," Vis. Res. 33(2), 243-255 (1993).
32. D. G. Pelli and L. Zhang, "Accurate control of contrast on microcomputer displays," Vis. Res. 31, 1337-1350 (1991).
33. J. M. Valeton and A. J. C. de Reus, "High-resolution contrast control on a video display: method and calibration," Report IZF 1992 B-7, TNO Human Factors Research Institute, Soesterberg, the Netherlands (1992).
34. A. B. Watson and D. G. Pelli, "QUEST: A Bayesian adaptive psychometric method," Percept. Psychophys. 33(2), 113-120 (1983).
35. P. Bijl, "Acquisition of sea targets. Part 2: ACQUIRE evaluation for CCD camera imagery," Report TM-97-A067, TNO Human Factors Research Institute, Soesterberg, the Netherlands (1997).
36. P. Bijl and J. M. Valeton, "Validation of the new triangle orientation discrimination method and ACQUIRE model predictions using observer performance data for ship targets," Opt. Eng., this issue.
37. H. V. Kennedy, "Recognition criterion for two-dimensional Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference (MRTD)," in Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing II, Proc. SPIE 1488, 196-202 (1991).
38. J. M. Valeton and P. Bijl, "TIPI: thermal imager performance indicator" (in preparation).
39. J. M. Valeton, P. Bijl and J. Varkevisser, "Observer performance and ergonomic evaluation of the Lion hand held thermal viewer," Report TM-97-A071, TNO Human Factors Research Institute, Soesterberg, the Netherlands (1997) (in Dutch).