Making waves: The theory and practice of black feminism

Black Scholar

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 18-28

  Taylor, Ula Y ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0012702332     PISSN: 00064246     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00064246.1998.11430912     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Donna Britt, "Desperately Seeking Sisterhood," Essence, January (1998) 85.
2. Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, "African-American Women's History and the Metalanguage of Race," Signs, Winter (1992) 263.
3. Shirley Chisholm, "Race, Revolution and Women," The Black Scholar, December (1971) 21.
4. Shirley Chisholm, The Good Fight (New York: Harper and Row Pub., 1973) 34.
5. Shirley Chisholm, The Good Fight, Ibid., 33.
6. Charlayne Hunter, "Many Blacks Wary of Women's Liberation Movement in U," New York Times 17 November (1970) 60.
7. Off Our Backs Women's News Journal, Washington D.C., December-January (1974) 2.
8. Off Our Backs, September (1973) 9.
9. E. Frances White, "Africa on My Mind: Gender, Counter Discourse and African-American Nationalism" Journal of Women's History, Vol. 2, No. 1, Spring (1990) 76-77.
10. Alice Echols, "Daring to be Bad," 370 Appendix A: Discussion at Sandy Springs Conference, August (1968).
11. Off Our Backs, December-January (1974) 2.
12. Off Our Backs, Ibid., 1.
13. Off Our Backs, Ibid., 2.
14. Fran Pollner, Off Our Backs, December-January (1974) 3.
15. Toni Morrison, "What the Black Woman Thinks About Women's Lib," New York Times Magazine, 22 August (1971) 64.
16. Herbert Haines, Black Radicals and the Civil Rights Mainstream, 1954-1970 (Knoxville: Univ. of Tennessee Press, 1988).
17. Gerald Home, Reversing Discrimination: The Case for Affirmative Action (New York: International Pub., 1992).
18. Gerald Home, Reversing Discrimination: The Case for Affirmative Action, Ibid., 61.
19. Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, "African-American Women's History and the Metalanguage of Race," Signs, Winter (1992), 225: "Race serves as a global sign, a metalanguage, since it speaks about and lends meaning to a host of terms and expressions, to a myriad aspects of life that would otherwise fall outside the referential domain of race."
20. Paulette M. Caldwell, "A Hair Piece: Perspectives on the Interaction of Race and Gender," Duke Law Journal, Vol. 1991:365, No. 2, April (1991) 367.
21. Paulette M. Caldwell, Duke Law Journal, Ibid., 390n82.
22. Paulette M. Caldwell, Duke Law Journal, Ibid., 376.
23. Paulette M. Caldwell, Duke Law Journal, Ibid., 391.
24. Paulette M. Caldwell, Duke Law Journal, Ibid., 374.
25. Paulette M. Caldwell, Duke Law Journal, Ibid., 376.
26. Long v. Sapp, 8 FEP 1075 (1973);
27. Theodore v. Elmhurst College, 421 F. Supp. 355 (1976);
28. Payne v. Travenol Laboratories 12 FEP 770 (1976);
29. EEOC v. American Machine and Foundry, Inc. 13 FEP 1634 (1976).
30. Also see, Missy McDonald, "Corporate Corridors: Black Women, Title VII, and the Politics of Sex Harassment at Work 1974-1980" unpublished paper presented at the Berkshire Conference on History of Women, June (1993).
31. Regina Austin, "Sapphire Bound!" Wisconsin Law Review, No. 3, (1989).
32. Regina Austin, Wisconsin Law Review, Ibid., 543.
33. Regina Austin, Wisconsin Law Review, Ibid., 555.
34. Regina Austin, Wisconsin Law Review, Ibid., 565.
35. Regina Austin, Wisconsin Law Review, Ibid., 576.
36. Byllye Avery, "Empowerment Through Wellness," Yale Journal of Law and Feminism, Vol. 4, No. 1, Fall (1991) 150.
37. Byllye Avery, Yale Journal of Law and Feminism, Ibid.
38. Byllye Avery, Yale Journal of Law and Feminism, Ibid., 151.
39. Byllye Avery, Yale Journal of Law and Feminism, Ibid., 150.
40. Byllye Y. Avery, "Breathing Life into Ourselves: The Evolution of the National Black Women's Health Project," in Evelyn C. White (ed.) The Black Women's Health Book: Speaking For Ourselves, (Seattle, Washington: Seal Press, 1990) 10.
41. Lisa Diane White, Public Relations Coordinator and editor of Vital Signs, the magazine published by NBWHP indicated to the author that the paid staff of ten, and approximately twenty volunteers keep the services operational. All the paid employees are from the housing projects.
42. Angela Davis, "Sick and Tired of Being Sick and Tired: The Politics of Black Women's Health," in Angela Y. Davis, Women, Culture, Politics (New York: Vintage Books, 1984, 1990) 54.
43. Ibid., 55.
44. Press Release from Dianne Shaw, Director of Communications at the University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, "Sisters Helping Sisters - Save Our Sisters Fights Breast Cancer in Our Neighbors," 3.
45. Sisters Helping Sisters - Save Our Sisters Fights Breast Cancer in Our Neighbors, Ibid., 2.
46. Dianna Shaw, "Sisters Helping Sisters," 2.
47. Dianna Shaw, "Sisters Helping Sisters," Ibid., 2.
48. Debora K. King, "Unraveling Frabic, Missing the Beat: Class and Gender in Afro-American social Issues," The Black Scholar Vol. 22, No. 3, Summer (1992).
49. Beth Richie, "AIDS: In Living Color," in Evelyn C. White (ed.) The Black Women's Health Book: Speaking for Ourselves (Seattle, Washington: The Seal Press) 182.
50. Douglas Sadownick, "AIDS Information with an Artsy Spin," Los Angeles Times, 10 July (1990).
51. Evelyn C. White, Chain Chain Change: For Black Women Dealing with Physical and Emotional Abuse (Seattle, Washington: The Seal Press, 1985), 3-4.
52. Evelyn C. White, Chain Chain Change, 22.
53. Evelyn C. White, Chain Chain Change, Ibid., 14.
54. Itabari Njeri, "Off the Cuff: A Guide: Urging Submission of Black Women to Black Men is Selling Briskly Despite its Message of Violence," Los Angeles Times, 30 July (1990).
55. bell hooks, "Theory as Liberatory Practice," Yale Journal of Law and Feminism, Vol. 4, No. 1, Fall (1991)
56. Also, see Shahrazad Ali, The Black Man's Guide to Understanding the Black Woman (1990).
57. Felly Nkweto Simmonds, "She's Gotta Have It: The Representation on Black Female Sexuality on Film," in Frances Bonner (ed.) Imagining Women: Cultural Represnetations and Gender (United Kingdom: Polity Press, 1992) 217.
58. Chuck Phillips, "N.W.A.'s Dr. Dre Target of Suit by Host of Rap Show," Los Angeles Times, 23 July (1991) F3.
59. Alice Walker, In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens: Womanist Prose (New York: Harcourt Brace, Jovanovich, 1983), xi-xii.: Womanist 1. From Womanish. (Opp. of "girlish," i.e., frivolous, irresponsible, not serious) a black feminist or feminist of color . . . Intern-changeable with another black folk expression: "You trying to be grown." Responsible. In charge. Serious. 2. Also: A woman who loves other women, sexually and/or nonsexually. Appreciates and prefers women's culture, women's emotional flexibility . . . and women's strength . . . Sometimes loves individual men, sexually and/or nonsexually . . . Committed to survival and wholeness of entire people, male and female . . . 3. Loves music. Loves dance . . . Loves struggle. Loves Folk. Loves herself regardless. 4. Womanist is to feminist as purple to lavender.
60. Deborah K. King, "Womanist, Womanism, Womanish" in Helen Tierney (ed.) Women's Studies Encyclopedia: Views From the Sciences Vol. I (New York: Greenwood Press, 1989) 390.
61. Also, see Chikwenye Okonjo Ogunyemi, "Womanism: The Dynamics of the Contemporary Black Female Novel in English," Signs Vol. 11, No. 1, Autumn (1985) 63-80;
62. Katie G. Cannon, Black Womanist Ethics (Atlanta, Georgia: Scholars Press, 1988).
63. I am indebted to Paula Giddings and Beverly Guy-Shaftall for pushing me to think about the difference between Alice Walkers's womanist and Elsa Barkley Brown's womanist analysis.
64. Elsa Barkley Brown, "Womanist Consciousness: Maggie Lena Walker and the Independent Order of Saint Luke," Signs, Vol. 14, No. 3, Summer (1989) 631.
65. Elsa Barkley Brown, Signs, Ibid., 632.