Diffusion of Copper in Wood Cell Walls Following Vacuum Treatment

Wood and Fiber Science

Volumn 30, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 382-395

  Cooper, Paul A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK   (Canada)

Author keywords

Amine; Ammoniacal copper arsenate (ACA); Cation exchange; Copper; Diffusion; Finite bath; Moisture content; pH; Pinus resinosa; Populas tremuloides; Wood cell wall

Indexed keywords

EID: 0012569488     PISSN: 07356161     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. BRIGGS, G. E., A. B. HOPE, AND R. N. ROBERTSON. 1961. Electrolytes and plant cells. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, England. 217 pp.
2. CARMEN, P. C., AND R. A. W. HAUL. 1954. Measurement of diffusion coefficients. Proc. Royal Soc. London. 222: 109-118.
3. CHEN, J. 1994. The relationship between wood temperature and fixation rate of CCA-C treated red pine sapwood. M.Sc. thesis, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
4. COOPER, P. A. 1988. Diffusion and interaction of components of water-borne preservatives in the wood cell wall. Int. Res. Group on Wood Preserv. Doc. IRG/WP/3474.
5. _. 1996. Rate of swelling of vacuum treated wood. Wood Fiber Sci. 28(1):28-38.
6. _, 1991 a. Cation exchange adsorption of copper on wood. Wood Protect. J. 1(1):9-14.
7. _. 1991b. Diffusion and micro-distribution of wood protecting chemicals in the wood cell wall. Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
8. _, AND R. CHURMA. 1990. Estimating diffusion path length in treated wood. Forest Prod. J. 40(11/12):61-63.
9. _, AND D. N. ROY. 1994. Interaction of wood-protecting anions with the wood cell wall. Wood Fiber Sci. 26(3):323-332.
10. CRANK, J. 1970. The mathematics of diffusion. Oxford University Press, London, New York, Toronto. 347 pp.
11. _, AND G. S. PARK. 1968. I. Methods of measurement. Pages 1-26 in J. Crank and G. S. Park, eds. Diffusion in polymers. Academic Press, London and New York.
12. DICKINSON, D. J. 1974. The micro-distribution of copper-chrome-arsenate in Acer pseudoplatanus and Eucalyptus maculata. Mat. und Org. 9(1):21-33.
13. HARTFORD, W. H. 1973. Chemical and physical properties of wood preservative and wood preservative systems. Pages 1-120 in D. D. Nicholas, ed. Wood deterioration and its prevention by preservative treatments, Vol. II. Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, NY.
14. HULME, M. A. 1979. Ammoniacal wood preservatives. Rec. Ann. Conv. Br. Wood Preserv. Assoc. Pp. 65-77.
15. JIN, L., AND K. J. ARCHER. 1991. Copper based wood preservatives. Observations on fixation, distribution, performance. Proc. Am. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 87:169-184.
16. _, and A.F. Preston. 1991. The interaction of wood preservatives with lignocellulosic substrates. I. Quaternary ammonium compounds. Holzforschung. 45(8): 455-459.
17. Kumar, S., J.J. Morrell, H. Chen, J. Liu, and D.B. Theis. 1996. Effect of post-treatment processing on ACZA precipitation in Douglas-fir lumber. Forest Prod. J. 46(4):48-52.
18. Lebow, S.T. and J.J. Morrell. 1993. ACZA fixation: The role of copper and zinc in arsenic precipitation. Proc. Am. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 89:133-145.
19. _, AND _. 1995. Interactions of ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA) with Douglas-fir. Wood Fiber Sci. 27(2):105-118.
20. MEARES, P. 1968. Transport in ion exchange polymers. Pages 373-428 in J. Crank and G. S. Park, eds. Diffusion in polymers. Academic Press, London and New York.
21. PERNG, W. R., K. I. BREBNER, AND M. H. SCHNEIDER. 1985. Aspen wood anatomy and fluid transport. Wood Fiber Sci. 17(2):281-289.
22. POHLEVEN, F. M., SENTJURC, M. PETRIC, AND F. DAGARIN. 1994. Investigation of ammoniacal copper (II) octanoate in aqueous solutions and its determination in impregnated wood. Holzforschung 48:371-374.
23. PRESTON, A., AND J. MCKAIG. 1983. Effect of accelerated fixation on decay of CCA-treated wood. Forest Prod. J. 33(11/12):41-44.
24. RENNIE, P. M. S., S. M. GREY, AND D. J. DICKINSON. 1987. Copper based water-borne preservatives: Copper adsorption in relation to performance against soft rot. Int. Res. Group on Wood Preserv. Doc. IRG/WP/3452.
25. RUDDICK, J. N. R. 1992. The fixation chemistry of copper based wood preservatives. Proc. Can. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 13:116-137.
26. _. 1995. The fixation chemistry of ammoniacal copper wood preservatives. Proc. Can. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 16:255-268.
27. RYAN, K. G., AND J. A. DRYSDALE. 1988. X-ray analysis of copper, chromium and arsenic within the cell walls of treated hardwoods-New evidence against the microdistribution theory. J. Inst. Wood Sci. 11(3):108-113.
28. SIAU, J. 1971. Flow in wood. Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, NY. 131 pp.
29. STAMM, A. J. 1960. Bound-water diffusion into wood in the across-the-fiber directions. Forest Prod. J. 10(10): 524-528.
30. STONE, J. E., AND H. V. GREEN. 1958. Penetration and diffusion into hardwoods. Pulp Paper Mag. Can. (10): 223-232.
31. THOMASON, S. M., AND E. A. PASEK. 1997. Amine copper reaction with wood components: Acidity versus copper adsorption. Int. Res. Group on Wood Preserv. Doc. IRG/WP 97-30161.
32. YATA, S. J., J. MUKUDAI, AND H. KAJITA. 1978. Morphological studies on the movement of substances into the cell wall of wood. I. Methods for microscopical detection of diffusing substances in the cell wall. Mokuzai Gakkaishi. 24(9):591-597.
33. _, _, AND _, 1979. Morphological studies on the movement of substances into the cell wall of wood. II. Diffusion of copper compounds into the cell wall. Mokuzai Gakkaishi. 25(3):171-6.
34. _, _, AND _. 1983. Morphological studies on the movement of substances into the cell wall of wood. VIII. Penetration of aqueous salt solutions into air-dried wood and subsequent diffusion through the cell wall. Mokuzai Gakkaishi. 29(10):641-647.