Managing saffron thistle in pastures with strategic grazing

Rangeland Journal

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 313-325

  Grace, B S ^a   Whalley, R D B ^a   Sheppard, A W ^b   Sindel, B M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND   (Australia)

^b CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

Cavthamus lanatus; Distaff thistle; Rotational grazing; Weed control

Indexed keywords

EID: 0012538091     PISSN: 10369872     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/RJ02018     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Aeschlimann, J.P. (1997). Reappraising the potential of biological controls against the weed Carthanzus lanatus. Entonzophaga 42: 559-68.
2. Amor, R.L. and Harris, R.V. (1975). Seedling establishment and vegetative spread of Civsiurn arvense (L.) Scop. in Victoria, Australia. Weed Res. 15: 407-1 I.
3. Austin, M.P., Groves, R.G., Fresco, M.F. and Kaye, P.E. (1985). Relative growth of six thistle species along a nutrient gradient with multispecies competition. Aust. J. Ecol. 73: 667-84.
4. Bartlett, N.R. (1978). A survival model for a wood preservative trial. Bionzetrics 36: 673-9.
5. Bendall, G.M. (1973). The control of slender thistle, Carduus pycnocephalus L. and C. tenuif2orus Curt. (Compositae), in pasture by grazing management. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 24: 83 1-7.
6. Bergelson, J. (1990). Life after death: Site pre-emption by the remains of Poa annua. Ecology 71: 2157-65.
7. Bowman, A.M., Brooke, G, and Van de Ven, R. (1999). Native pasture management in the 400-600 mm rainfall zone of northern NSW. Proceedings of the 9th Australian Agronomy Conference, Wagga Wagga, pp. 302-5.
8. Briese, D.T. (1988). Weed status of twelve thistle species in New South Wales. Plant Prot. Q. 3: 135 Bullock, J.M., Clear-Hill, B. and Silverton, J. (1994). Demography of Cirsiurn vulgare in a grazing experiment. J. Ecol. 82: 10 1-1 1. Bureau of Meteorology. Climate data service.
9. Chambers, J.M. and Hastie, T.J. (1997). 'Statistical models in S'. Chapman and Hall, New York.
10. Dowling, P.M. (1993). Pre-season management and grass control. In: Pests of pastures: weed, invertebrate and disease pests of Australian sheep pastures (Ed. E.S. Delfosse) pp. 374-6. CSIRO, Melbourne.
11. Earl, J.M, and Jones, C.E. (1996). The need for a new approach to grazing management - is cell grazing the answer? Rangel. J. 18: 327-50.
12. Friend, D.A. (1 997) Using grazing management to control broadleaf weeds. In: Grazing management of temperate pastures: literature reviews and grazing guidelines for major species. (Eds R.D. Fitzgerald and G.M. Lodge) NSW Agriculture Technical Bulletin 47, pp. 3 1-7.
13. Gorski, T. (1 975). Germination of seeds in the shadow of plants. Physiol. Plant. 34: 342-6.
14. Grace, B.S. (2001). Population dynamics and management of saffron thistle (Carthanzus lanatus L.) in pastures. PhD Thesis. University of New England, Armidale, NSW. Australia.
15. Grace, B., Sindel, B.M., Sheppard, A.W. and Whalley, R.D.B. (1999). Ecology and management of saffron thistle (Carthamus lanatus) in New South Wales pastures. Proceedings of the 12th Australian Weeds Conference, Hobart, pp. 13-5.
16. Hartley, M.J. (1981). The effect of grazing and pasture species on the survival of scotch thistle. Proceedings of the 34th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, Palmerston North, pp. 114-6.
17. Hutchinson, K.J. and King, K.L. (1989). Volume and activity of micro-organisms in litter from native and sown temperate pasture species. Aust. J. Ecol. 14: 157-67.
18. Inouye, D.W. (1982). The consequences of herbivory: a mixed blessing for Jurinea nzollis (Asteraceae). Oikos 39: 269-72.
19. Karssen, C.M. and Hilhorst, H.W.M. (1992). Effect of chemical environment on seed germination. In: Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in plant communities (Ed. M. Fenner) pp. 327-48. C.A.B., Oxford.
20. Lang, R.D. (1 979). The effect of ground cover on surface runoff from experimental plots. J. Soil Conserv. Serv. NSW. 35: 108-14.
21. Leigh, J.D., Briese, D.I., Holgate, M.D. and Slee, A.V. (1993). Seed production by thistles cut, grazed by goats or attacked by insects. In: Pests of pastures: weed, invertebrate and disease pests of Australian sheep pastures (Ed. E.S. Delfosse). CSIRO, Melbourne.
22. MathSoft (1 999). 'S-Plus 2000 guide to statistics: data analysis'. Mathsoft, Seattle.
23. Michael, P.W. (1968). Perennial and annual pasture species in the control of Silybum nzavianum. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Aninz.1 Husb. 8: 101-5.
24. Parsons, W.T.an d Cuthbertson, E.G. (1992). 'Noxious weeds of Australia'. Inkata Press, Melbourne.
25. Peirce, J.R. (1990). Weed control using goats. Farrnnote 1990lF04990, Western Australian Department of Agriculture.
26. Peirce, J.R. and Quinlivan, B.J. (1971). Factors controlling seed dormancy in saffron thistle (Carthanzus lanatus). Proceedings of the Australian Seed Research Conference, Mount Gambier, South Australia. I (b). pp. 15-6.
27. Phillips, T. and Maun, M.A. (1 996). Population ecology of Cirsium pitcheri on Lake Huron sand dunes: I Impact of white tailed deer. Can. J. Bot. 74: 1439-44.
28. Phung, H.T. and Popay, A.I. (1981). Effect of pasture cover on the germination of certain weed seeds. Proceedings of the 34th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, Palmerston North, pp. 1 11-3.
29. Popay, A.J. and Field, R. (1996). Grazing animals as weed control agents. Weed Technol. 10: 217-31.
30. Rolston, M.P., Lambert, M.G., Clark, D.A. and Devantier, B.P. (1981). Control of rushes and thistles in pastures by goat and sheep grazing. Proceedings of the 34th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, Palmerston North, pp. 1 17-21.
31. Saltamoto, Y., Ishiguro, M., and Kitagawa G. (1986). Akaike information criterion statistics. D. Reidel Publishing Company.
32. Smyth, M.J., Sheppard, A.W. and Swirepik, A. (1997). The effect of grazing on seed production in Echiunz plantagineun~L. Weed Res. 37: 63-70.
33. Stanley, D.F., Holst, P.J. and Allan, C.J. (2000). The effect of sheep and goat grazing on variegated thistle (Silybunz marianunz) populations in annual pastures. Plant Prot. Q. 15: 1 16-8.
34. Thomsen, C.D., Williams, W.A., George, M.R., McHenry, W.D., Bell, F.L. and Knight, R.S. (1989). Managing yellow starthistle on rangeland. Calif: Agric. 43(5): 4-7.
35. Thomsen, C.D., Williams, W.A., Vaysseieres, M., Bell, F.L and George, M.R. (1993). Controlled grazing on annual grassland decreases yellow starthistle. Calif: Agric. 47(6): 36-40.
36. Tothill, J.C., Hargreaves, J.N.G., Jones, R.M. and McDonald, C.K. (1992). BOTANAL - A comprehensive sampling and computing procedure for estimating pasture yield and composition. 1. Field sampling. Tropical Agronomy Technical Memorandum 78, pp. 1-24.
37. Trotter, M.G. and Sindel, B.M. (1999). Best practice management (BPM) for thistles on the Northern Tablelands of NSW and its potential for weed research. Proceedings of the 12th Australian Weeds Conference, Hobart, pp. 261-5.
38. Venables, W.N. and Ripley, B.D. (1999). 'Modern applied statistics with S-Plus.' (3rd.ed.). Springer- Verlag, New York.
39. Wardle, D.A., Nicholson, K.S. and Rahman, A. (1992). Influence of pasture grass and legume swards on seedling emergence and growth of Carduus nutans L. and Cirsium vulgare L. Weed Res. 32: 119-28.
40. Wright, G.C., McWilliam, J.R. and Whalley, R.D.B. (1980). Effects of light and leaching on germination of saffron thistle (Carthamus lanatus L.). Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 7: 587-94.