Optimal glycemic control, fetal morbidity and monitoring protocols in gestational diabetes mellitus

Prenatal and Neonatal Medicine

Volumn 3, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 526-533

  Reece, E A ^a   Homko, C J ^a  

^a TEMPLE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Blood glucose monitoring; Gestational diabetes mellitus; Macrosomia; Pregnancy

Indexed keywords

EID: 0012536718     PISSN: 13598635     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Engelgau NM, Herman WH, Smith PJ, German RR, Aubert RE. The epidemiology of diabetes and pregnancy in the US. Diabetes Care 1988;18:1029-33
2. Gabbe SG, Mestman JH, Freeman RK, et al. Management and outcome of class A diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977;127:465
3. Landon MB, Gabbe SG, Piana R, Mennuti MT, Main EK. Neonatal morbidity in pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus: predictive value of maternal glycemic profiles. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978;156:1089-95
4. Drexel H, Bichler A, Sailer S, et al. Prevention of perinatal morbidity by tight metabolic control in gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1988;11:761-8
5. Sermer M, Naylor CD, Gare DJ, et al. Impact of increasing carbohydrate intolerance on maternal-fetal outcomes in 3637 women without gestational diabetes: the Toronto Tri-Hospital Gestational Diabetes Project. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;173:146-56
6. Sacks DA, Greenspoon JS, Abu-Fadil S, Henry HM, Wolde-Tsadik G, Yao JFF. Toward universal criteria for gestational diabetes: the 75-gram glucose tolerance test in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;172:607-14
7. Langer O, Anyaegbunam A, Mazze R. The significance of one abnormal glucose tolerance test value on adverse outcome in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987;157:758-63
8. Langer O, Mazze R. The relationship between large-for-gestational infants and glycemic control in women with gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988;159:1478-83
9. Langer O, Levy J, Brustman L, Anyaegbunam A, Merkatz R, Divon M. Glycemic control in gestational diabetes mellitus - how tight is tight enough: small for gestational age versus large for gestational age? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161:646-53
10. Langer O, Rodriguez DA, Xenakis MJ, McFarland MB, Berkus MD, Arredondo F. Intensified versus conventional management of gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;170:1036-47
11. Langer O. Is normoglycemia the correct threshold to prevent complications in the pregnant diabetic patient? Diabetes Rev 1996;4:2-10
12. Freinkel N. Of pregnancy and progeny. Diabetes 1980;29:1023-35
13. Buchanan TA, Kjos SL, Montoro MN, et al. Use of fetal ultrasound to select metabolic therapy for pregnancies complicated by mild gestational diabetes. Diabetes Care 1994;17:275-283
14. Metzger BE, ed. Proceedings of the Third International Workshop Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes 1991;40(Suppl 2):1-201
15. Metzger BE, Coustan DR. Proceedings of the Fourth Internal Workshop Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 1998;21(Suppl 2):B161-8
16. Wechter DJ, Kaufmann RC, Amankwah KS, et al. Prevention of neonatal macrosomia in gestational diabetes by the use of intensive dietary therapy and home glucose monitoring. Am J Perinatol 1991;8:131-4
17. Goldberg JD, Franklin B, Lasser D, et al. Gestational diabetes: impact of home glucose monitoring on neonatal birth weight. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986;154:546-50
18. Jovanovic-Peterson CM, Reed GF, Metzger BE, Mills JL, Knopp RH, Aarons JH. Maternal postprandial glucose levels and infant birth weight. The Diabetes in Early Pregnancy Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;164:103-11
19. Combs CA, Gunderson E, Kitzmiller JL, Gavin LA, Main EK. Relationship of fetal macrosomia to maternal postprandial glucose control during pregnancy. Diabetes Care 1992;15:1251-7
20. Huddleston JF, Cramer MK, Vroon DH. A rationale for omitting two-hour postprandial glucose determinations in gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;169:257-64
21. Gabbe SG. Discussion: a rationale for omitting two-hour postprandial glucose determinations in gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;169:262-3
22. DeVeciana M, Major CA, Morgan MA, et al. Postprandial versus preprandial blood glucose monitoring in women with gestational diabetes mellitus requiring insulin therapy. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1237-41
23. Mazze RS, Shamson H, Pasmantier R, et al. Reliability of blood-glucose monitoring by patients with diabetes mellitus. Am J Med 1984;77:211-17
24. Moses RG. Assessment of reliability of patients performing SMBG with a portable reflectance meter with memory capacity (M-glucometer). Diabetes Care 1986;9:670-1
25. Langer O, Mazze RS. Diabetes in pregnancy: evaluating self-monitoring performance and glycemic control with memory-based reflectance meters. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986;155:635-7
26. Langer O, Langer N, Piper JM, Elliott B, Anyaebunam A. Cultural diversity as a factor in self-monitoring blood glucose in gestational diabetes. J Assoc Acad Min Phys 1995;6:73-7
27. Langer N, Langer O. Emotional adjustment to diagnosis and intensified treatment of gestational diabetes. Obstet Gynecol 1994;84:329-34
28. Persily CA. Relationships between the perceived impact of gestational diabetes mellitus and treatment adherence. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1996;25:601-7
29. Kitzmiller JL, Elixhauser A, Carr S, et al. Assessment of costs and benefits of management of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1998;21(Suppl 2):B123-30