What do we really know about upstream waves?

Advances in Space Research

Volumn 20, Issue 4-5, 1997, Pages 673-682

  Burgess, D ^a  

^a QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0012495669     PISSN: 02731177     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00455-9     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Akimoto, K., D. Winske, T. G. Onsager, M. F. Thomsen, and S. P. Gary, Steepening of parallel propagating hydromagnetic-waves into magnetic pulsations - a simulation study, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 17599-17607, 1991.
2. Akimoto, K., D. Winske, S. P. Gary, and M. F. Thomsen, Nonlinear evolution of electromagnetic ion-beam instabilities, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 1419-1433, 1993.
3. Anderson, R. R., G. K. Parks, T. E. Eastman, D. A. Gurnett, and L. A. Frank, Plasma-waves associated with energetic particles streaming into the solar-wind from the earths bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 4493-4510, 1981.
4. Bale, S. D., D. Burgess, P. J. Kellogg, K. Goetz, R. L. Howard, and S. J. Monson, Phase coupling in langmuir wave-packets - possible evidence of 3-wave interactions in the upstream solar-wind, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 109-112, 1996.
5. Bavassano-Cattaneo, M. B., C. Bonifazi, M. Dobrowolny, G. Moreno, and C. T. Russell, Distribution of MHD wave activity in the foreshock region and properties of backstreaming protons, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 9280-9286, 1983.
6. Blancocano, X., and S. J. Schwartz, Ampte-UKS observations of low-frequency waves in the ion foreshock, Adv. Space Res., 15, 97-101, 1995.
7. Brinca, A. L., L. B. Deagua, and D. Winske, On the stability of nongyrotropic ion populations - A 1st (analytic and simulation) assessment, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 7549-7560, 1993.
8. Burgess, D., Foreshock shock interaction at collisionless quasi-parallel shocks, Adv. Space Res., 15, 159-169, 1995.
9. Cairns, I. H., New waves at multiples of the plasma frequency upstream of the earths bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 2975-2988, 1986.
10. Cairns, I. H., A semiquantitative theory for the 2fp radiation observed upstream from the earths bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 3958-3968, 1988a.
11. Cairns, I. H., A theory for the radiation at the third to fifth harmonics of the plasma frequency upstream of the Earth's bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 858, 1988b.
12. Cairns, I. H., Fine-structure in plasma-waves and radiation near the plasma frequency in earths foreshock, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 23505-23513, 1994.
13. Cairns, I. H., and S. F. Fung, Growth of electron-plasma waves above and below fp in the electron foreshock, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 7307-7317, 1988.
14. Canu, P., Oblique broad-band electron-plasma waves above the plasma frequency in the electron foreshock - Linear-theory and spacecraft observations, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 11983-11991, 1990.
15. Dewit, T. D., and V. V. Krasnoselskikh, Wavelet bicoherence analysis of strong plasma turbulence at the earths quasiparallel bow shock, Phys. Plasmas, 2, 4307-4311, 1995.
16. Dewit, T. D., V. V. Krasnoselskikh, S. D. Bale, M. W. Dunlop, H. Luhr, S. J. Schwartz, and L. J. C. Woolliscroft, Determination of dispersion-relations in quasi-stationary plasma turbulence using dual satellite data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2653-2656, 1995.
17. Dubouloz, N., and M. Scholer, 2-dimensional simulations of magnetic pulsations upstream of the earths bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 9461-9474, 1995.
18. Dum, C. T., Simulation studies of plasma-waves in the electron foreshock - the generation of downshifted oscillations, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 8123-8131, 1990a.
19. Dum, C. T., Simulation studies of plasma-waves in the electron foreshock - the generation of langmuir-waves by a gentle bump-on-tail electron- distribution, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 8095-8110, 1990b.
20. Dum, C. T., Simulation studies of plasma-waves in the electron foreshock - the transition from reactive to kinetic instability, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 8111-8122, 1990c.
21. Elaoufir, J., A. Mangeney, T. Passot, C. C. Harvey, and C. T. Russell, Large-amplitude MHD waves in the earths proton foreshock, Annales Geophys., 8, 297-314, 1990.
22. Etcheto, J., and M. Faucheux, Detailed study of electron-plasma waves upstream of the earths bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 6631-6653, 1984.
23. Fairfield, D. H., Bow shock associated waves observed in the far upstream interplanetary medium, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 3541, 1969.
24. Fairfield, D. H., Whistler waves observed upstream from collisionless shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 1368-1378, 1974.
25. Fazakerley, A. N., A. J. Coates, and M. W. Dunlop, Observations of upstream ions, solar-wind ions and electromagnetic- waves in the earths foreshock, Adv. Space Res., 15, 103-106, 1995.
26. Filbert, P. C., and P. J. Kellogg, Electrostatic noise at the plasma frequency beyond the Earth's bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 1369-1381, 1979.
27. Fitzenreiter, R. J., The electron foreshock, Adv. Space Res., 15, 9-27, 1995.
28. Fuselier, S. A., Ion distributions in the earths foreshock upstream from the bow shock, Adv. Space Res., 15, 43-52, 1995.
29. Fuselier, S. A., and D. A. Gurnett, Short wavelength ion waves upstream of the earths bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 91-103, 1984.
30. Fuselier, S. A., D. A. Gurnett, and R. J. Fitzenreiter, The downshift of electron-plasma oscillations in the electron foreshock region, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 3935-3946, 1985.
31. Fuselier, S. A., M. F. Thomsen, S. P. Gary, S. J. Bame, C. T. Russell, and G. K. Parks, The phase relationship between gyrophase-bunched ions and MHD-like waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 60-63, 1986.
32. Fuselier, S. A., S. P. Gary, M. F. Thomsen, S. J. Bame, and D. A. Gurnett, Ion-beams and the ion ion-acoustic instability upstream from the earths bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4740-4744, 1987.
33. Gary, S. P., Electromagnetic electron-beam instabilities - Hot, Isotropic beams, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 815-822, 1985.
34. Gary, S. P., Electromagnetic ion ion instabilities and their consequences in space plasmas - a review, Space Sci. Rev., 56, 373-415, 1991.
35. Gary, S. P., J. T. Gosling, and D. W. Forslund, The electromagnetic ion-beam instability upstream of the earths bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 6691-6696, 1981.
36. Gary, S. P., C. W. Smith, M. A. Lee, M. L. Goldstein, and D. W. Fooslund, Electromagnetic ion-beam instabilities, Phys. Fluids, 27, 1852-1862, 1984.
37. Gary, S. P., C. D. Madland, and B. T. Tsurutani, Electromagnetic ion-beam instabilities .2., Phys. Fluids, 28, 3691-3695, 1985.
38. Gary, S. P., C. D. Madland, D. Schriver, and D. Winske, Computer-simulations of electromagnetic cool ion-beam instabilities, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 4188-4200, 1986a.
39. Gary, S. P., M. F. Thomsen, and S. A. Fuselier, Electromagnetic instabilities and gyrophase-bunched particles, Phys. Fluids, 29, 531-535, 1986b.
40. Goldman, M. V., D. L. Newman, J. G. Wang, and L. Muschietti, Langmuir turbulence in-space plasmas, Physica Scripta, T63, 28-33, 1996.
41. Greenstadt, E. W., Oblique, parallel, and quasi-parallel morphology of collisionless shocks, in Collisionless Shocks in the Heliosphere: Reviews of Current Research, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 35, edited by B. T. Tsurutani and R. G. Stone, pp. 169-184, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1985.
42. Greenstadt, E. W., R. W. Fredricks, C. T. Russell, F. L. Scarf, R. R. Anderson, and D. A. Gurnett, Whistler mode wave-propagation in the solar-wind near the bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 4511-4516, 1981.
43. Greenstadt, E. W., S. L. Moses, F. V. Coroniti, M. H. Farris, and C. T. Russell, The quasi-perpendicular environment of large magnetic pulses in earths quasiparallel foreshock - ISEE-1 and ISEE-2 observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1459-1462, 1993.
44. Greenstadt, E. W., G. K. Crawford, R. J. Strangeway, S. L. Moses, and F. V. Coroniti, Spatial-distribution of electron-plasma oscillations in the earths foreshock at ISEE-3, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 19933-19939, 1995a.
45. Greenstadt, E. W., G. Le, and R. J. Strangeway, ULF waves in the foreshock, Adv. Space Res., 15, 71-84, 1995b.
46. Gurnett, D. A., and L. A. Frank, Ion acoustic waves in the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 58, 1978.
47. Hada, T., C. F. Kennel, and T. Terasawa, Excitation of compressional waves and the formation of shocklets in the earths foreshock, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4423-4435, 1987.
48. Hayashi, K., H. Matsui, H. Kawano, T. Yamamoto, and S. Kokubun, Whistler-mode waves observed by MGF search coil magnetometer - Polarization and wave normal features of upstream waves near the bow- shock, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2907-2910, 1994.
49. Heppner, J. P., M. Sugiura, T. L. Skillman, B. G. Ledley, and M. Campbell, OGO A magnetic field observations, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 5417, 1967.
50. p circumterrestrial radio radiation as seen from ISEE 3, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 4531-4536, 1981.
51. Holzer, R. E., M. G. McLeod, and G. J. Smith, Preliminary results from the OGO 1 search coil magnetometer: Boundary positions and magnetic noise spectra, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 1481, 1966.
52. Hoppe, M. M., and C. T. Russell, Plasma rest frame frequencies and polarizations of the low-frequency upstream waves - ISEE-1 and ISEE-2 observations, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 2021-2028, 1983.
53. Hoppe, M. M., C. T. Russell, L. A. Frank, T. E. Eastman, and E. W. Greenstadt, Upstream hydromagnetic-waves and their association with backstreaming ion populations - ISEE-1 and ISEE-2 observations, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 4471-4492, 1981.
54. Hoppe, M. M., C. T. Russell, T. E. Eastman, and L. A. Frank, Characteristics of the ULF waves associated with upstream ion-beams, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 643-650, 1982.
55. Hoshino, M., and T. Terasawa, Numerical study of the upstream wave excitation mechanism .1. nonlinear phase bunching of beam ions, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 57-64, 1985.
56. Kellogg, P. J., S. J. Monson, K. Goetz, R. L. Howard, J. L. Bougeret, and M. L. Kaiser, Early wind observations of bow shock and foreshock waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1243-1246, 1996.
57. Killen, K., N. Omidi, D. Krauss-Varban, and H. Karimabadi, Linear and nonlinear properties of ULF waves driven by ring-beam distribution-functions, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 5835-5852, 1995.
58. Klimas, A. J., A mechanism for plasma-waves at the harmonics of the plasma frequency in the electron foreshock boundary, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 9081-9091, 1983.
59. Krauss-Varban, D., F. G. E. Pantellini, and D. Burgess, Electron dynamics and whistler waves at quasi-perpendicular shocks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2091-2094, 1995.
60. Labelle, J., R. A. Treumann, and E. Marsch, Elsasser variable analysis of fluctuations in the ion foreshock and undisturbed solar-wind, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 65-71, 1994.
61. Lacombe, C., A. Mangeney, C. C. Harvey, and J. D. Scudder, Electron-plasma waves upstream of the earths bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 73-94, 1985.
62. Lacombe, C., C. C. Harvey, S. Hoang, A. Mangeney, J. L. Steinberg, and D. Burgess, ISEE observations of radiation at twice the solar-wind plasma frequency, Annales Geophys., 6, 113-128, 1988.
63. Le, G., and C. T. Russell, A study of the coherence length of ULF waves in the earths foreshock, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 10703-10706, 1990.
64. Le, G., and C. T. Russell, A study of ULF wave foreshock morphology .1. ULF foreshock boundary, Planet. Space Sci., 40, 1203-1213, 1992a.
65. Le, G., and C. T. Russell, A study of ULF wave foreshock morphology .2. spatial variation of ULF waves, Planet. Space Sci., 40, 1215-1225, 1992b.
66. Le, G., and C. T. Russell, Solar-wind control of upstream wave frequency, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2571-2575, 1996.
67. Le, G., C. T. Russell, M. F. Thomsen, and J. T. Gosling, Observations of a new class of upstream waves with periods near 3 seconds, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 2917-2925, 1992.
68. Le, G., C. T. Russell, and D. S. Orlowski, Coherence lengths of upstream ULF waves - dual ISEE observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1755-1758, 1993.
69. Longtin, M., and B. U. O. Sonnerup, Modulation instability of circularly polarized alfven waves, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 6816-6824, 1986.
70. Mann, G., and H. Luhr, Comparison of low-frequency magnetic-field fluctuations upstream of earths bow-shock with a strong alfvenic turbulence model, Annales Geophys., 9, 681-689, 1991.
71. Mann, G., H. Luhr, and W. Baumjohann, Statistical-analysis of short large-amplitude magnetic-field structures in the vicinity of the quasi-parallel bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 13315-13323, 1994.
72. Marsch, E., Beam-driven electron acoustic-waves upstream of the earths bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6327-6336, 1985.
73. Muret, P., and N. Omidi, Analysis of steepened magnetosonic waves using wavelet transforms and neural networks, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 23465-23479, 1995.
74. Muschietti, L., I. Roth, and R. E. Ergun, On the formation of wave-packets in planetary foreshocks, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15605-15613, 1996.
75. Omidi, N., and D. Winske, Steepening of kinetic magnetosonic waves into shocklets - simulations and consequences for planetary shocks and comets, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 2281-2300, 1990.
76. Onsager, T. G., and M. F. Thomsen, The earths foreshock, bow shock, and magnetosheath, Rev. Geophys., 29, 998-1007, 1991.
77. Onsager, T. G., R. H. Holzworth, H. C. Koons, O. H. Bauer, D. A. Gurnett, R. R. Anderson, H. Luhr, and C. W. Carlson, High-frequency electrostatic-waves near earths bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13397-13408, 1989.
78. Orlowski, D. S., and C. T. Russell, Comparison of properties of upstream whistlers at different planets, Adv. Space Res., 16, 137-141, 1995.
79. Orlowski, D. S., G. K. Crawford, and C. T. Russell, Upstream waves at mercury, venus and earth - comparison of the properties of one hertz waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 2293-2296, 1990.
80. Orlowski, D. S., C. T. Russell, D. Krauss-Varban, N. Omidi, and M. F. Thomsen, Damping and spectral formation of upstream whistlers, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 17117-17128, 1995.
81. Parks, G. K., E. Greenstadt, C. S. Wu, C. S. Lin, A. Stmarc, R. P. Lin, K. A. Anderson, C. Gurgiolo, B. Mauk, H. Reme, R. Anderson, and T. Eastman, Upstream particle spatial gradients and plasma-waves, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 4343-4354, 1981.
82. Paschmann, G., N. Scopke, S. J. Bame, J. R. Asbridge, J. T. Gosling, C. T. Russell, and E. W. Greenstadt, Association of low frequency waves with suprathermal ions in the upstream solar wind, Geophys. Res. Lett., 6, 209-212, 1979.
83. Reiner, M. J., M. L. Kaiser, J. Fainberg, M. D. Desch, and R. G. Stone, 2f(p) radio-emission from the vicinity of the earths foreshock - wind observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1247-1250, 1996.
84. Robinson, P. A., and D. L. Newman, Strong plasma turbulence in the earths electron foreshock, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 17733-17749, 1991.
85. Rodriguez, P., Ion waves associated with solar-wind beam-plasma interactions, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 1279-1289, 1981.
86. Russell, C. T., and M. H. Farris, Ultra-low frequency waves at the earths bow shock, Adv. Space Res., 15, 285-296, 1995.
87. Russell, C. T., and M. M. Hoppe, Upstream waves and particles, Space Sci. Rev., 34, 155-172, 1983.
88. Russell, C. T., D. D. Childers, and P. Coleman, Jr., OGO 5 observations of upstream waves in the interplanetary medium: Discrete wave packets, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 845-861, 1971.
89. Russell, C. T., J. G. Luhmann, R. C. Elphic, D. J. Southwood, M. F. Smith, and D. Johnstone, Upstream waves simultaneously observed by ISEE and uks, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 7354-7362, 1987.
90. Scarf, F. L., R. W. Fredricks, L. A. Frank, C. T. Russell, P. J. C. Jr., and M. Neugebauer, Direct correlations of large amplitude waves with suprathermal protons in the upstream solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 7316, 1970.
91. Scarf, F. L., R. W. Fredricks, L. A. Frank, and M. Neugebauer, Nonthermal electrons and high-frequency waves in the upstream solar wind, 1, Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 5162, 1971.
92. Scholer, M., and D. Burgess, The role of upstream waves in supercritical quasi-parallel shock re-formation, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 8319-8326, 1992.
93. Scholer, M., M. Fujimoto, and H. Kucharek, 2-dimensional simulations of supercritical quasi-parallel shocks - upstream waves, downstream waves, and shock re-formation, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 18971-18984, 1993.
94. Schwartz, S. J., and D. Burgess, Quasi-parallel shocks - A patchwork of 3-dimensional structures, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 373-376, 1991.
95. Schwartz, S. J., D. Burgess, W. P. Wilkinson, R. L. Kessel, M. Dunlop, and H. Luhr, Observations of short large-amplitude magnetic-structures at a quasi- parallel shock, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 4209, 1992.
96. Sentman, D. D., J. P. Edmiston, and L. A. Frank, Instabilities of low-frequency, parallel propagating electromagnetic waves in the earths foreshock region, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 7487-7497, 1981.
97. Sentman, D. D., M. F. Thomsen, S. P. Gary, W. C. Feldman, and M. M. Hoppe, The oblique whistler instability in the earths foreshock, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 2048-2056, 1983.
98. Smith, C. W., and S. P. Gary, Electromagnetic ion-beam instabilities - Growth at cyclotron harmonic wave numbers, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 117-125, 1987.
99. Smith, C. W., M. L. Goldstein, S. P. Gary, and C. T. Russell, Beam-driven ion-cyclotron harmonic resonances in the terrestrial foreshock, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 1429-1434, 1985.
100. Spangler, S., S. Fuselier, A. Fey, and G. Anderson, An observational study of MHD wave-induced density-fluctuations upstream of the earths bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 845-857, 1988.
101. Sugiyama, T., T. Terasawa, H. Kawano, T. Yamamoto, S. Kokubun, L. A. Frank, K. Ackerson, and B. T. Tsurutani, Attenuation distance of low-frequency waves upstream of the pre-dawn bow shock - geotail and ISEE-3 comparison, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 81-84, 1995.
102. Terasawa, T., J.-I. S. M. Hoshino, and T. Hada, Decay instability of finite-amplitude circularly polarized alfvén waves: A numerical simulation of stimulated brillouin scattering, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 4171-4187, 1986.
103. Thomsen, M. F., J. T. Gosling, S. J. Bame, and C. T. Russell, Gyrating ions and large-amplitude monochromatic MHD waves upstream of the earths bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 267-273, 1985.
104. Thomseo, M. F., J. T. Gosling, and C. T. Russell, ISEE studies of the quasi-parallel bow shock, Adv. Space Res., 8, 175-178, 1988.
105. Thomsen, M. F., J. T. Gosling, S. J. Bame, and C. T. Russell, Magnetic pulsations at the quasi-parallel shock, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 957-966, 1990.
106. Tokar, R. L., and D. A. Gurnett, The propagation and growth of whistler mode waves generated by electron-beams in earths bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 105-114, 1985.
107. Tsurutani, B. T., and P. Rodriguez, Upstream waves and particles - an overview of ISEE results, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 4317, 1981.
108. Vinas, A. F., and M. L. Goldstein, Parametric-instabilities of circularly polarized large-amplitude dispersive alfven waves - excitation of obliquely-propagating daughter and side-band waves, J. Plasma Phys., 46, 129-152, 1991.
109. Watanabe, Y., and T. Terasawa, On the excitation mechanism of the low-frequency upstream waves, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 6623-6630, 1984.
110. Wilkinson, W. P., A. K. Pardaens, S. J. Schwartz, D. Burgess, H. Luhr, R. L. Kessel, M. Dunlop, and C. J. Farrugia, Nonthermal ions and associated magnetic-field behavior at a quasi- parallel earths bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 3889-3905, 1993.
111. Winske, D., and M. M. Leroy, Diffuse ions produced by electromagnetic ion-beam instabilities, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 2673-2688, 1984.
112. Winske, D., and K. B. Quest, Electromagnetic ion-beam instabilities - comparison of one-dimensional and two-dimensional simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 8789-8797, 1986.
113. Wong, H. K., and M. L. Goldstein, Proton-beam generation of whistler waves in the earths foreshock, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 12419-12424, 1987.
114. pe radiation-induced by the bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 23481-23488, 1994.