The Junta patriótica and the celebration of independence in Mexico City, 1825-1855

Mexican Studies - Estudios Mexicanos

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 21-52

  Costeloe, Michael ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0012308473     PISSN: 07429797     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1051865     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. Tornel was credited with the idea of the Junta Patriótica in the meeting held on 11 July 1843; see El Siglo XIX, 28 July 1843.
2. Except where otherwise indicated, the information in this article is taken from the published minutes. The location of the minutes as published each year in the press is given as an appendix. There is also a very informative collection of documents relating to the 1825 celebrations in folders 10-11 of the García Collection in the Benson Library, University of Texas at Austin. These are the papers of Juan Wenceslao Barquera who was the inaugural orator for the 16 September celebrations in 1825.
3. W. Beezley, "Recreating the Creation of Mexico: Pondering Nineteenth Century Celebrations of Independence," unpublished paper.
4. R. warren, "The Construction of Independence Day, 1821-1864," unpublished paper.
5. For further details of the early celebrations, see F. Serrano Migallón, El Grito de Independencia. Historia de una pasión nacional (Mexico, 1995), 39-46.
6. For example, see the congressional record of 16 September 1824 in Aguila Mexicana, 18 September 1824.
7. Aguila Mexicana, 28 August 1825.
8. Reglamento de la Junta Patriótica (Mexico, 1849).
9. Proyecto de reglamento para gobierno de la Junta Patriótica del Grito Glorioso de Dolores, presentado a la Junta del año de 1831 por la Comisión Permanente (Mexico, 1831).
10. Reglamento (1849), art. 6.
11. The texts of the orations usually were published in the press and also as separate pamphlets. The Lafragua Collection (Biblioteca Nacional, Mexico City) has many of the latter both for Mexico City and for elsewhere in the republic; see Catálogo de la Colección Lafragua, 1821-1853, ed. L. Moreno Valle (Mexico, 1975).
12. Aguila Mexicana, 5 September 1825.
13. El Sol, 2 September 1829.
14. These details are from various reports published by the Junta in Registro Oficial, 7 July 1831.
15. Proyecto de reglamento (1831).
16. According to Lempériere, the Junta's relations with the city's municipal authorities were not always harmonious: A. Lempériere, "Nación moderna o república barroca? México, 1823-1857," in Imaginar la Nación, ed. EX. Guerra and M. Quijada (Hamburg, 1994), 164, n. 53.
17. Reports of the meetings held in 1834 are in El Telégrafo, August-September 1834. Unfortunately, these refer to the officer, i.e., the president, and do not give the holder's name.
18. L. Alamán, Historia de México, 5 vols.(Mexico, 1969), VI, 483-84.
19. Santa Anna's letter accepting the donation is in the minutes of 4 November 1846, published in Diario del Gobierno, 9 July 1847.
20. Exposición que la Comision Permanente de la Junta Patriótica de México dirige al soberano congreso (Mexico, 1850).
21. The text of the congressional law is in M. Dublán and J. M. Lozano, Legislación mexicana, vol. 5 (Mexico, 1876), 699-700.
22. For an example, "Himno cívico para toda orquestra o forte-plano" by F. Sánchez de Tagle & Mariano Elizaga. See Correo de la Federación, 16 September 1827.
23. El Universal, 6 September 1850.
24. J. M. Tornel to A. Bustamante, 11 September 1825 in Aguila Mexicana, 13 September 1825.
25. F. Calderón de la Barca, Life in Mexico (London, 1970), 258-259. There is also a good description of the events on 26-27 September on p. 443. Enterprising retailers advertised the latest fashions for Independence Day.
26. See, for example, the advert by Duval & Cía offering "un surtido completo de adornos y plumas" for women to wear on the day; Diario del Gobierno, 9 September 1835.
27. The text of Tornel's oration is in Correo de la Federación, 20 September 1827, and in Lafragua, no. 2269.
28. J. M. Brito, Discurso pronunciado por el ciudadano José María Brito el 16 de septiembre de 1851, comisionado por la Junta Patriótica para orador del pueblo (Mexico, 1851).
29. There is a copy in Lafragua, no. 5945. El Universal (30 September 1851) criticized the speech, calling Brito a charlatan.
30. There is a copy in Lafragua, no. 4404.
31. Details of the Lafragua incident are in El Siglo XIX, 28, 30 September, 6-7 October 1843.
32. The letter is signed CMB in El Siglo XIX, 9 July 1844.
33. In the meeting on 11 July 1843, José María Iturralde complained about the use of printed lists: El Siglo XIX, 28 July 1843.
34. Rosa's speech is in Diario del Gobierno, 20 September 1846 and in Lafragua, no. 5050.
35. The Junta commissioned a reply to El Universal's editorial: Refutación en la parte histórica del artículo de fondo publicado en el número 305 del periódico titulado El Universal el 16 del pasado septiembre, por una comisión de la Junta Cívica de México (Mexico, 1849). This was apparently written by Anastasio Zerecero.
36. See Lafragua, no. 5492.
37. El Universal, 3 October 1850.
38. As part of the polemic with El Universal, the Junta was involved in the publication of a collection of works arising from the Independence Day celebration: Colección de composiciones en prosa y verso pronunciadas en los gloriosos aniversarios de nuestra independencia en mes de septiembre de 1850 (Mexico, 1850).
39. All the main newspapers carried detailed accounts of what happened in the meeting. The fullest account is in El Siglo XIX, 2 July 1851.
40. See the letter in El Monitor Republicano, 10 July 1851.
41. For the various documents, letters, appeals to Congress etc., see El Monitor Republicano, El Siglo XIX, and El Universal, July through October 1851.
42. Many of the documents were published as broadsheets or pamphlets, for example, La Junta Patriótica a la Nación (Mexico, 1851).
43. Text of letter in minutes of 23 July meeting, in Diario del Gobierno, 2 August 1839.
44. Minutes of meeting of 11 July in El Siglo XIX, 28 July 1843.
45. Exposición (1850), 4.