Effects of dilute calcium washing treatments on paper

Journal of the American Institute for Conservation

Volumn 40, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 105-123

  Bogaard, John ^a   Whitmore, Paul M ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0011747873     PISSN: 01971360     EISSN: 19452330     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/019713601806113102     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Albertsson, U., and O., Samuelson. 1962. A colorimetric method for the determination of carbonyl groups of cellulose. Analytica Chimica Acta 27:434–40.
2. Arney, J. S., and A. H., Chapdelaine. 1981. A kinetic study of the influence of acidity on the accelerated aging of paper. In Preservation of paper and textiles of historic and artistic value II, ed. J. C., Williams. Advances in Chemistry series 193. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society. 189–204.
3. ASTM. 1962. Standard test method for intrinsic viscosity of cellulose, D 1795–62. In Annual book of ASTM standards, Vol. 15.04, Soaps; polishes; cellulose; leather; resilient floor coverings. Philadelphia: AmericanSociety for Testing and Materials.
4. ASTM. 1963. Standard test methods for carboxyl content of cellulose, D 1926–63. In Annual book of ASTM standards, Vol. 15.04, Soaps; polishes; cellulose; leather; resilient floor coverings. Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials.
5. Bansa, H. 1998. Aqueous deacidification–with calcium or magnesium? Restaurator 19:1–40.
6. Barrow, W. J., and R. C., Sproull. 1959. Permanence in book papers. Science 129(3356): 1075–84.
7. Bicchieri, M., M., Bella, and F., Semetilli. 1999. A quantitative measure of borane tert-butylamine complex effectiveness in carbonyl reduction of aged papers. Restaurator 20:22–29.
8. Burgess, H. D. 1986. Gel permeation chromatography: Use in estimating the effect of water washing on the long-term stability of cellulosic fibers. In Historic textile and paper materials, ed. H. L., Needles and S. H., Zeronian. Advances in Chemistry series 212. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society. 363–76.
9. Burgess, H. D. 1988. Practical considerations for conservation bleaching. Journal of the International Institute for Conservation-Canadian Group 13:11–26.
10. Burgess, H. D., and A., Boronyak-Szaplonczay. 1992. Uptake of calcium or magnesium into seven papers during aqueous immersion in calcium or magnesium solutions. In Conference papers Manchester 1992, ed. S., Fairbrass. London: Institute of Paper Conservation. 264–72.
11. Butler, J. M. 1964. Polyprotic acids. In Ionic equilibrium. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. 206–60.
12. Calvini, P., V., Grosso, M., Hey, L., Rossi, and L., Santucci. 1988. Deacidification of paper: A more fundamental approach. Paper Conservator 12:35–39.
13. Couch, R., comp. 1985. Neutralization and alkalization. Chap. 20 in Paper conservation catalog. Washington, D.C.: American Institute for Conservation Book and Paper Group.
14. Heilweil, E. 2000. Personal communication. Whatman Inc., Clifton, N.J.
15. Helfferich, F. 1962. Ion exchange. Series in Advanced Chemistry. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1–322.
16. Hey, M. 1979. The washing and aqueous deacidification of paper. Paper Conservator 4:66–80.
17. Kolar, J. 1997. Mechanism of autoxidative degradation of cellulose. Restaurator 18:163–76.
18. Kolar, J., and G., Novak. 1996. Effect of various deacidification solutions on the stability of cellulose pulps. Restaurator 17:25–31.
19. Lienardy, A., and P., Van Damme. 1990. Practical deacidification. Restaurator 11:1–21.
20. Nevell, T. P. 1985. Degradation of cellulose by acids, alkalis, and mechanical means. In Cellulose chemistry and its applications, ed. T. P., Nevell and S. H., Zeronian. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 223–42.
21. Orr, R. S., L. C., Weiss, G. C., Humphreys, T., Mares, and J. N., Grant. 1954. Degradation of cotton fibers and yarns by heat and moisture. Textile Research Journal 24:399–406.
22. Rånby, B. G., and R. H., Marchessault. 1959. Inductive effects in the hydrolysis of cellulose chains. Journal of Polymer Science 36(130):561–64.
23. Richards, G. N. 1971. Alkaline degradation. In Cellulose and cellulose derivatives, ed. N. M., Bikales and L., Segal. New York: Wiley Interscience. 1007–14.
24. Scallan, A. M. 1990. The pH inside the fibre wall. In Cellulose sources and exploitation, ed. J. F., Kennedy, G. O., Phillips, and P. A., Williams. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 211–15.
25. Schaeffer, T. T., V., Blyth-Hill, and J. R., Druzik. 1996. Aqueous light bleaching of paper: Comparison of calcium hydroxide and magnesium bicarbonate bathing solutions. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 35:219–38.
26. Sharpies, A. 1971. Acid hydrolysis and alcoholysis. In Cellulose and cellulose derivatives, ed. N. M., Bikales and L., Segal. New York: Wiley Interscience. 991–1006.
27. Tang, L. C. 1981. Washing and deacidifying paper in the same operation. In Preservation of paper and textiles of historic and artistic value II, ed. J. C., Williams. Advances in Chemistry series 193. Washington, D. C.: American Chemical Society. 63–86.
28. Tang, L. C. 1986. Stabilization of paper through sodium borohydride treatment. In Historic textile and paper materials, ed. H. L., Needles and S. H., Zeronian. Advances in Chemistry series 212. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society. 427–41.
29. Tang, L. C., and N. M. M., Jones. 1979. The effects of wash water quality on the aging characteristics of paper. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 18:61–81.
30. TAPPI. 1988. Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of paper extracts (cold extraction method), T 509 om- 88. In TAPPI test methods, 1994–1995. Atlanta: TAPPI.
31. Treiber, E. E. 1985. Formation of fibers from cellulose solutions. In Cellulose chemistry and its applications, ed. T. P., Nevell and S. H., Zeronian. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 455–79.
32. Whitmore, P. M., and J., Bogaard. 1994. Determination of the cellulose scission route in the hydrolytic and oxidative degradation of paper. Restaurator 15:26–45.
33. Whitmore, P. M., and J., Bogaard. 1995. The effect of oxidation on the subsequent oven aging of filter paper. Restaurator 16:10–30.
34. Zou, X., N., Gurnagul, T., Uesaka, and J., Bouchard. 1994. Accelerated aging of papers of pure cellulose: Mechanism of cellulose degradation and paper embrittlement. Polymer Degradation and Stability 43:393–402.