-
1
-
-
85169266067
-
-
2 emissions, but these emissions can be offset by careful management of the forests used to produce the biomass.
-
2 emissions, but these emissions can be offset by careful management of the forests used to produce the biomass.
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
0013226658
-
Lessons from the British Restructuring Experience
-
Brower M., Thomas S., Mitchell C. Lessons from the British Restructuring Experience. ELEC. J. April 1997;40.
-
(1997)
ELEC. J.
, pp. 40
-
-
Brower, M.1
Thomas, S.2
Mitchell, C.3
-
4
-
-
85169231432
-
-
Figures 1, 2 and 3 present emission rates for typical New England power plants. These emission rates are taken from D. Schoengold, Integrating Clean Air Policy to Improve Air Quality and Reduce Pollution Control Costs for the Electric Power Industry, vol. V (1996) (An Economic Analysis of Air Pollution Control Policies for New England, A Report to the Boston Edison Company DSM Settlement Board, MSB Energy Associates).
-
Figures 1, 2 and 3 present emission rates for typical New England power plants. These emission rates are taken from D. Schoengold, Integrating Clean Air Policy to Improve Air Quality and Reduce Pollution Control Costs for the Electric Power Industry, vol. V (1996) (An Economic Analysis of Air Pollution Control Policies for New England, A Report to the Boston Edison Company DSM Settlement Board, MSB Energy Associates).
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
85169268869
-
-
2 emissions presented in Figures 4 and 5, for the 1996, Business as Usual, Early Fossil Retirement, and Early Fossil and Nuclear Retirement scenarios are taken from Schoengold, supra note 4. The data for the Zero Carbon Resources scenario are from "Zero Carbon Electricity," an April, 1997 Tellus Institute report by Bruce Biewald, Tim Woolf, Bill Dougherty, and Daljit Singh
-
2 emissions presented in Figures 4 and 5, for the 1996, Business as Usual, Early Fossil Retirement, and Early Fossil and Nuclear Retirement scenarios are taken from Schoengold, supra note 4. The data for the Zero Carbon Resources scenario are from "Zero Carbon Electricity," an April, 1997 Tellus Institute report by Bruce Biewald, Tim Woolf, Bill Dougherty, and Daljit Singh.
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
0039788311
-
Competition and Clean Air: The Operating Economics of Electricity Generation
-
Biewald B. Competition and Clean Air: The Operating Economics of Electricity Generation. ELEC. J. Jan./Feb. 1997;41.
-
(1997)
ELEC. J.
, pp. 41
-
-
Biewald, B.1
-
10
-
-
85169250424
-
-
Supra, note 1.
-
Supra, note 1.
-
-
-
-
11
-
-
85169257781
-
-
2 emissions)
-
2 emissions).
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
0344777745
-
-
(prepared for U.S. Department of Energy); and Alliance to Save Energy, American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, National Resources Defense Council, Tellus Institute, and Union of Concerned Scientists
-
Incorporating Global Warming Risks in Power Sector Planning: A Case Study of the New England Region. I:Nov. 1992;. (prepared for U.S. Department of Energy); and Alliance to Save Energy, American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, National Resources Defense Council, Tellus Institute, and Union of Concerned Scientists.
-
(1992)
Incorporating Global Warming Risks in Power Sector Planning: A Case Study of the New England Region
, vol.1
-
-
-
14
-
-
85169242734
-
-
These efficiency measures are drawn from a conservation "supply curve," that includes thirteen end-use efficiency measures, ranging in price from roughly 1.7¢/kWh to 20¢/kWh. In fact, for each end use there is a range of technologies available, as well as different applications (e.g., hours of use for light bulbs). Therefore, in practice there are individual cost curves with many steps associated with each end use. Thus, our analysis is greatly simplified and highly aggregated, and potentially overlooks possibilities for some more targeted energy efficiency opportunities.
-
These efficiency measures are drawn from a conservation "supply curve," that includes thirteen end-use efficiency measures, ranging in price from roughly 1.7¢/kWh to 20¢/kWh. In fact, for each end use there is a range of technologies available, as well as different applications (e.g., hours of use for light bulbs). Therefore, in practice there are individual cost curves with many steps associated with each end use. Thus, our analysis is greatly simplified and highly aggregated, and potentially overlooks possibilities for some more targeted energy efficiency opportunities.
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
85169231391
-
-
Our zero carbon resource scenario assumes that wind, PV, and fuel cells are developed at least to the amount necessary to achieve sustained orderly development. We assume that this would require the development of roughly 1,200 MW of wind, 240 MW of PV and 48 MW of fuel cells by the year 2010 (in installed capacity, as opposed to average). (proposal to ensure the sustained orderly development of renewable energy technologies, discussion draft).
-
Our zero carbon resource scenario assumes that wind, PV, and fuel cells are developed at least to the amount necessary to achieve sustained orderly development. We assume that this would require the development of roughly 1,200 MW of wind, 240 MW of PV and 48 MW of fuel cells by the year 2010 (in installed capacity, as opposed to average). (proposal to ensure the sustained orderly development of renewable energy technologies, discussion draft). Renewables in Utility Restructuring: New England's Fair Share. Jan. 1996; Any additional capacity that is still necessary to meet our 2,900 MW goal is assumed to be provided in equal amount by wood and additional wind, because these are the most commercially available and lowest-cost renewable resources.
-
(1996)
Renewables in Utility Restructuring: New England's Fair Share
-
-
-
16
-
-
85169245209
-
-
This calculation assumes an average reference price of electricity of 10¢/kWh, total regional sales of 146,800 GWh, a zero carbons portfolio of 25,404 GWh, and an average costs of 4.8¢/kWh for the zero carbon resources.
-
This calculation assumes an average reference price of electricity of 10¢/kWh, total regional sales of 146,800 GWh, a zero carbons portfolio of 25,404 GWh, and an average costs of 4.8¢/kWh for the zero carbon resources.
-
-
-
-
17
-
-
0009319029
-
Quantifying the Impacts of a National Tradable Renewables Portfolio Standard
-
For more details on renewable portfolio standards, see
-
For more details on renewable portfolio standards, see Bernow S., Dougherty W., Duckworth M. Quantifying the Impacts of a National Tradable Renewables Portfolio Standard. ELEC. J. May 1997;42.
-
(1997)
ELEC. J.
, pp. 42
-
-
Bernow, S.1
Dougherty, W.2
Duckworth, M.3
-
18
-
-
0002527657
-
Restructuring and the Public Good: Creating a National System Benefits Trust
-
For more details on system benefits charges, see
-
For more details on system benefits charges, see Cowart R. Restructuring and the Public Good: Creating a National System Benefits Trust. ELEC. J. April 1997;52.
-
(1997)
ELEC. J.
, pp. 52
-
-
Cowart, R.1
-
20
-
-
85169253523
-
-
For more details on retiring old coal plants, see Schoengold, supra note 4. That analysis estimated that a policy of facilitated retirement of older fossil-fired units in New England is likely to be less expensive than retrofitting power plants or converting them to natural gas.
-
For more details on retiring old coal plants, see Schoengold, supra note 4. That analysis estimated that a policy of facilitated retirement of older fossil-fired units in New England is likely to be less expensive than retrofitting power plants or converting them to natural gas
-
-
-
-
21
-
-
85169245782
-
-
2 emissions by worsening the efficiency of the facility.
-
2 emissions by worsening the efficiency of the facility.
-
-
-
|