Identification of children's and adults' vowels: Intrinsic fundamental frequency, fundamental frequency dynamics, and presence of voicing

Journal of Phonetics

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 23-51

  Katz, William F ^a   Assmann, Peter F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0011500413     PISSN: 00954470     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jpho.2000.0135     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Assmann P. F., Ballard W., Bornstein L., Paschall D. D. Track-draw: a graphical interface for controlling the parameters of a speech synthesizer. Behavioral Research Methods, Instrumentation and Computers. 26:1994;431-436.
2. Assmann P. F., Katz W. F. Time-varying spectral change in the vowels of children and adults. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 108:2000;1856-1866.
3. Assmann P. F., Nearey T. M. Perception of front vowels: the role of harmonics in the first formant region. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 81:1987;520-534.
4. Assmann P. F., Nearey T. M., Hogan J. T. Vowel identification: orthographic, perceptual, and acoustic aspects. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 71:1982;975-989.
5. Carlson R., Fant G., Granstrom B. G. Two-formant models, pitch, and vowel perception. Fant G., Tatham M. A. Auditory Analysis and Perception of Speech. 1975;55-82 Academic Press, London.
6. Chermak G. D., Schneiderman C. R. Speech timing variability of children and adults. Journal of Phonetics. 13:1986;477-480.
7. Culling J. F., Summerfield Q. The role of frequency modulation in the perceptual segregation of concurrent vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 98:1995;837-846.
8. de Cheveigné A., Kawahara H. Missing-data model of vowel perception. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 105:1999;3497-3508.
9. Darwin C. J., Gardner R. B. Which harmonics contribute to the estimation of first-formant frequency? Speech Communication. 4:1985;231-235.
10. Diehl R. L. The role of phonetics within the study of language. Phonetica. 48:1991;120-134.
11. Diehl R. L., Kluender K. R. On the objects of speech perception. Ecological Psychology. 1:1989a;121-144.
12. Diehl R. L., Kluender K. R. Reply to commentators. Ecological Psychology. 1:1989b;195-225.
13. Diehl R. L., Lindblom B., Hoemeke K. A., Fahey R. P. On explaining certain male-female differences in the phonetic realization of vowel categories. Journal of Phonetics. 24:1996;187-208.
14. Dissard P., Darwin C. J. Extracting spectral envelopes: formant frequency matching between sounds on different and modulated fundamental frequencies. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 107:2000;960-969.
15. Faulkner A., Rosen S., Smith C. Effects of the salience of pitch and periodicity information on the intelligibility of four-channel vocoded speech: implications for cochlear implants. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 108:2000;1877-1887.
16. Flanagan J. L. Difference limens for vowel formant frequencies. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 27:1955;613-617.
17. Fu Q., Shannon R. V., Wang X. Effects of noise and spectral resolution on vowel and consonant recognition: acoustic and electric hearing. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 104:1998;3586-3597.
18. Fujisaki H., Kawashima T. The roles of pitch and the higher formants in the perception of vowels. IEEE Transactions in Audio Electroacoustics. AU-16:1968;73-77.
19. Glasberg B. R., Moore B. C. J. Derivation of auditory filter shapes from notched-noise data. Hearing Research. 47:1990;103-108.
20. Glaze L. E., Bless D. M., Susser R. D. Acoustic analysis of vowel and loudness differences in children's voice. Journal of Voice. 4:1990;37-44.
21. Gottfried T. L., Chew S. L. Intelligibility of vowels sung by a countertenor. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 79:1986;124-130.
22. Hillenbrand J., Gayvert R. Identification of steady-state vowels synthesized from the Peterson and Barney measurements. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 94:1993;668-674.
23. Hillenbrand J., Getty L. A., Clark M. J., Wheeler K. Acoustic characteristics of American English vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 97:1995;3099-3111.
24. Hoemeke K. A., Diehl R. L. Perception of vowel height: the role of F1-F0 distance. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 96:1994;661-674.
25. Howie J., Delattre P. An experimental study of the effect of pitch on the intelligibility of vowels. National Association of Teachers in Singing Bulletin. 18:1962;6-9.
26. Johnson K. Speaker perception without speaker normalization: an exemplar model. Johnson K., Mullenix J. W. Talker Variability in Speech Processing. 1997;Academic Press, New York.
27. Johnson K., Flemming E., Wright R. The hyperspace effect: phonetic targets are hyperarticulated. Language. 69:1993;505-528.
28. Joos M. A. Acoustic phonetics. Language. 24:1948;1-136.
29. Kewley-Port D. Thresholds for formant-frequency discrimination of vowels in consonantal context. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 97:1995;3139-3146.
30. Kewley-Port D., Li X., Zheng Y., Neel A. T. Fundamental frequency effects on thresholds for vowel formant discrimination. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 100:1996;2462-2470.
31. Kewley-Port D., Watson C. S. Formant-frequency discrimination for isolated English vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 95:1994;485-496.
32. Kingston J. Integrating articulations in the perception of vowel height. Phonetica. 48:1991;148-179.
33. Klatt D. H. Software for a cascade/parallel formant synthesizer. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 67:1980;971-995.
34. Klatt D. H., Klatt L. C. Analysis, synthesis, and perception of voice quality variations among female and male talkers. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 87:1990;820-857.
35. Ladefoged P., Broadbent D. Information conveyed by vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 29:1957;98-104.
36. Lee S., Potamianos A., Narayanan S. Acoustics of children's speech: developmental changes of temporal and spectral parameters. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 105:1999;1455-1468.
37. Lehiste I., Meltzer D. Vowel and speaker identification in natural and synthetic speech. Language and Speech. 16:1973;356-364.
38. Marin C. M. H., McAdams S. Segregation of concurrent sounds. II Effects of spectral envelope tracing, frequency modulation coherence, and frequency modulation width. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 89:1991;341-351.
39. Maurer D., Landis T. Intelligibility and spectral differences in high-pitched vowels. Folia Phoniatrica and Logopaedica. 48:1996;1-10.
40. McAdams S. Spectral fusion, spectral parsing, and the formation of the auditory image. 1984;Stanford University, Stanford.
41. McAdams S., Rodet X. The role of FM-induced AM in dynamic spectral profile analysis. Duifhuis H., Jorst J. W., Wit H. P. Basic Issues in Hearing. 1988;359-369 Academic Press, London.
42. Meddis R. Simulation of mechanical to neural transduction in the auditory receptor. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 79:1986;702-711.
43. Meddis R., Hewitt M. J. Virtual pitch and phase sensitivity of a computer model of the auditory periphery. I: Pitch identification. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 89:1991;233-245.
44. Miller J. D. Auditory-perceptual interpretation of the vowel. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 85:1989;2114-2134.
45. Moore B. C. J., Glasberg B. R. Suggested formulae for calculating auditory-filter bandwidths and excitation patterns. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 74:1983;750-753.
46. Mullennix J. W., Pisoni D. B. Stimulus variability and processing dependencies in speech perception. Perception and Psychophysics. 477:1990;379-390.
47. Nearey T. M. Static, dynamic, and relational properties in vowel perception. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 85:1989;2088-2113.
48. Nearey T. M. Speech perception as pattern recognition. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 101:1997;3241-3254.
49. Patterson R. D., Robinson K., Holdsworth J., McKeown D., Zhang C., Allerhand M. H. Complex sounds and auditory images. Cazals Y., Demany L., Horner K. Auditory Physiology and Perception. 1992;429-446 Pergamon Press, Oxford.
50. Peterson G. Parameters of vowel quality. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research. 4:1961;10-29.
51. Peterson G., Barney H. Control methods used in a study of vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 24:1952;175-184.
52. Reinholt Petersen N. Perceptual compensation for segmentally conditioned fundamental frequency perturbation. Phonetica. 43:1986;31-42.
53. Ryalls J., Lieberman P. Fundamental frequency and vowel perception. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 72:1982;1631-1634.
54. Scotto di Carlo N., Germain A. A perceptual study of the influence of pitch on the intelligibility of sung vowels. Phonetica. 42:1985;188-197.
55. Shannon R. V., Zang F., Kamath V., Wygonski J., Ekelid M. Speech recognition with primarily temporal cues. Science. 270:1995;303-304.
56. Slaney, M. 1993, An efficient implementation of the Patterson-Holdsworth Auditory Filter Bank, #35, Apple Computer, Inc.
57. Smith B. L. Relationships between duration and temporal variability in children's speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 91:1992;2165-2174.
58. Smith L. A., Scott B. L. Increasing the intelligibility of sung vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 67:1980;1795-1797.
59. Smith B. L., Kenney M. K., Hussain S. A longitudinal investigation of duration and temporal variability in children's speech production. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 99:1996;2344-2349.
60. Strange W., Verbrugge R. R., Shankweiler D. P., Edman T. R. Consonant environment specifies vowel identity. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 60:1976;213-224.
61. Stumpf C. Die Sprachlaute. 1926;J. Springer, Berlin.
62. Sundberg J. Vibrato and vowel identification. Archives of Acoustics. 2:1978;257-266.
63. Syrdal A., Gopal H. S. Perceptual model of vowel recognition based on the auditory representations of American English vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 79:1986;1086-1100.
64. Tartter V. What's in a whisper? Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 86:1989;1678-1683.
65. Tartter V. Identifiability of vowels and speakers from whispered syllables. Perception and Psychophysics. 49:1991;365-372.
66. Traunmüller H. Perceptual dimensions of openness in vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 69:1981;1465-1475.
67. Traunmüller H. Conventional, biological, and environmental factors in speech communication: a modulation theory. Phonetica. 51:1994;170-183.
68. Whalen D. H., Levitt A. G. The universality of intrinsic F0 of vowels. Journal of Phonetics. 23:1995;349-366.
69. Whalen D. H., Levitt A. G., Hsiao P., Smorodinsky I. Intrinsic F0 of vowels in the babbling of 6-, 9-, and 12-month-old French- and English-learning infants. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 97:1995;2533-2359.
70. Whalen D. H., Gick B., Kumada M., Honda K. Cricothyroid activity in high and low vowels: exploring the automaticity of intrinsic F0. Journal of Phonetics. 27:1998;125-142.