Justice, democracy, and hazardous siting

Political Studies

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 82-95

  Hunold, Christian ^a   Young, Iris Marion ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0011381428     PISSN: 00323217     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-9248.00131     Document Type: Review

References (30)

1. Information about this case is derived from Worcester Magazine, 18 November (1981).
2. Interview with Terry Swearingen, Tri-State Environmental Council, 10 November 1994.
3. L. Disch and R. W. Lake, 'Structural constraints and pluralist contradictions in hazardous waste regulation', Environment and Planning A, 24 (1992), 663-81.
4. A. Schnaiberg and K. A. Gould, Environment and Society: The Enduring Conflict (New York, St. Martin's Press, 1994).
5. K. Shrader-Frechette, Risk and Rationality; Philosophical Foundation for Populist Reforms(Berkeley, University of California Press, 1991), pp. 113-4.
6. R. D. Bullard, Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality (Boulder, Westview, 1990).
7. Paying some form of compensation to communities that bear risks for the sake of others cannot make legitimate a decision to force the risk on them. In a more open and inclusive decision process, however, where any community is free to say no to hosting a site, it may be appropriate and fair fo society to offer compensation to those persons and groups most affected by a siting proposal.
8. R. W. Lake, 'Volunteers, NIMBY's, and environmental justice: dilemmas of democratic practice', Antipode. 28 (1996), 160-74.
9. See I. M. Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1990), ch. 1.
10. K. Shrader-Frechette, Risk and rationality, ch. 7. Many questions arise about counts as genuinely voluntary in accepting a risk. Many in the environmental Justice movement are suspicious of efforts by states and corporations to negotiate acceptance of a hazardous site, for example, because they believe those who accept the sites are often socially and economically disadvantaged people who desperately need the money, jobs, and community infrastructure often being promised. Accepting a risk in return for significant payment or compensation may not count as voluntary if those accepting the payment are in need and see no other options for alleviating their disavantages. Some refer to compensation under such circumstances as a form of 'blackmail.' see Bullard, Dumping in dixie, pp. 105-7.
11. K. Shrader-Frechette, Risk and rationality, ch. 7. Many questions arise about counts as genuinely voluntary in accepting a risk. Many in the environmental Justice movement are suspicious of efforts by states and corporations to negotiate acceptance of a hazardous site, for example, because they believe those who accept the sites are often socially and economically disadvantaged people who desperately need the money, jobs, and community infrastructure often being promised. Accepting a risk in return for significant payment or compensation may not count as voluntary if those accepting the payment are in need and see no other options for alleviating their disavantages. Some refer to compensation under such circumstances as a form of 'blackmail.' see Bullard, Dumping in dixie, pp. 105-7.
12. J. Hochscheld, The New American Dillemma: Liberal Democracy and school Desegregation (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984) makes a similar argument regarding public school desegregation. She concludes the centralized, authorization processes of decision making lead to more far-reaching and effective desegregation programmes than decentralized, locally democratic Processes.
13. For a fuller discussion of communicative democracy, see I. M. Young, 'Communication and other: Beyond Deliberative democracy', in S. Benhabib, ed., Democracy and Difference (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1996), pp. 120-35.
14. J. Cohen, 'Deliberation and Democratic Legitimacy', in A. Hamlin and P. Petit, eds, The Good Polity (London, Basil Blackwell, 1989), pp. 7-34.
15. G. Chanan, out of the shadows: Local Community Action and the European Community (Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Community, 1992), ch. 6.
16. A. Nelle, 'Making mediation mandatory: a proposed framework', Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution, 7 (1992), 287-313.
17. I. Schulz and L. Heuwinkel, 'Der Bielefelder MVA-Vertrag: Was können Bürgerinnen, Bürger und Bürgerinitiativen bewegen, wenn sie mit kommunalen Einrichtungen zusammenarbeiten?', Die Verwaltung, 25 (1992), p. 254.
18. P. C. Stern, 'Learning through conflict: a realistic strategy for risk communication'. Policy Sciences, 24 (1991), 99-119.
19. N. Fraser, 'Rethinking the Public Shpere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy', in Craig Calhoen, ed., Habermas and the Public Sphere (Cambridge MA, The MIT Press, 1992), pp. 109-43.
20. S. Kelman, 'Adversary and cooperations institutions for conflict resolution in public policymaking', Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 11 (1992), 178-206.
21. B. G. Rabe, Beyond NIMBY: Hazardous Waste Siting in Canada and the United States (Washington DC, Brookings, 1994).
22. Rabe, Beyond NIMBY, p. 86.
23. H. Kunreuther, K. Fitzgerald and T. D. Aarts, 'Siting noxious facilities: a test of the facility siting credo'. Risk Analysis, 13 (1993), 301-18.
24. This account is based on O. Renn and T. Webler, 'Der kooperative Diskurs: Konzept und praktische Erfahrungen mit einem Deponieprojekt im Kanton Aargau', unpublished manuscript.
25. For a fuller discussion of this approach, see O. Renn, T. Webler, H. Rakel, P. Dienel, and B. Johnson, 'Public participation in decision-making: a three-step procedure', Policy Sciences, 26
26. Renn and Webler, 'Der kooperative Diskurs', p. 12.
27. Trust in experts may be greater in Switzerland than in comparable countries. See 'Der kooperative Diskurs', pp. 15-6.
28. Renn and Webler, 'Der Kooperative Diskurs', p. 20.
29. U. Willmann and J. Stolz, 'Habermaus und der Mūll', Die Zeit, 13 August (1993).
30. Renn and Webler, 'Der kooperative Diskurs', p. 5.