A developmental approach to the examination of friendship in leader-follower relationships

Leadership Quarterly

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 1-25

  Boyd, Nancy G ^a   Taylor, Robert R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0011266872     PISSN: 10489843     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1048-9843(98)90040-6     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Adams J.S. Inequity in social exchange. Berkowitz L. Advances in experimental social psychology. 1965;267-299 Academic Press, New York.
2. Adams R.G., Blieszner R. An integrative conceptual framework for friendship research. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 11:1994;163-184.
3. Allen G.A. A sociology of friendship and kinship. 1979;Allen & Unwin, London.
4. Altman I., Taylor D. Social penetration: The development of interpersonal relationships. 1973;Rinehart & Winston, New York.
5. Avolio B.J., Bass B.M. Transformational leadership, charisma, and beyond. Hunt J.G., Baliga B.R., Dachler H.P., Schriesheim C.A. Emerging leadership vistas. 1988;29-49 D.C. Heath, Lexington, MA.
6. Bass B.M. Leadership and performance beyond expectations. 1985;Free Press, New York.
7. Bass B.M. Bass & Stodgill's handbook of leadership. 3rd ed. 1990;Free Press, New York.
8. Berscheid E., Walster E.H. Interpersonal attraction. 1969;Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
9. Blau P.M. The dynamics of bureaucracy. 1955;University Press, Chicago.
10. Blieszner R. Close relationships over time. Weber A.L., Harvey J.H. Perspectives on close relationships. 1994;1-17 Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA.
11. Bridge K., Baxter L.A. Blended relationships: Friends as work associates. Western Journal of Communication. 56:1992;220-225.
12. Byrne D. The attraction paradigm. 1971;Academic Press, New York.
13. Cardy R.L., Dobbins G.H. Affect and appraisal accuracy: Liking as an integral dimension in evaluating performance. Journal of Applied Psychology. 71:(4):1986;672-678.
14. Clark M.S. Noncomparability of benefits given and received: A cue to the existence of friendship. Social Psychology Quarterly. 44:1981;375-381.
15. Clark M.S., Mills J. Interpersonal attraction in exchange and communal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 37:1979;12-24.
16. Dansereau F. Jr., Graen G., Haga W.J. A vertical dyad linkage approach to leadership with formal organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance. 13:1975;46-78.
17. Dansereau F., Yammarino F.J., Markham S.E. Leadership: The multiple-level approaches. Leadership Quarterly. 6:(2):1995;97-109.
18. Dillard J.P., Miller K.I. Intimate relationships in task environments. Duck S.W. Handbook of personal relationships. 1988;Wiley, New York.
19. Dobbins G.H., Russell J.M. The biasing effects of subordinate likableness on leaders' responses to poor performers: A laboratory and field study. Personnel Psychology. 39:1986;759-777.
20. Dockery T.M., Steiner D.D. The role of initial interaction in leader-member exchanges. Group and Organization Studies. 15:(4):1990;395-413.
21. Duarte N.T., Goodson J.R., Klich N.R. Effects of dyadic quality and duration on performance appraisal. Academy of Management Journal. 37:(3):1994;499-521.
22. Duchon D., Green S.G., Tabor T.D. Vertical dyad linkage: A longitudinal assessment of antecedents, measures, and consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology. 71:1986;56-60.
23. Fairhurst G.T. The leader-member exchange patterns of women leaders in industry: A discourse analysis. Communication Monographs. 60:1993;321-351.
24. Fairhurst G.T., Chandler T.A. Social structure in leader-member interaction. Communication Monographs. 56:1989;215-239.
25. Fairhurst G.T., Rogers L.E., Sarr R.A. Manager-subordinate control patterns and judgments about the relationship. McLaughlin Margaret L. Communication Yearbook. 10:1987;395-415 Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, CA.
26. Fernandez R.M. Structural bases of leadership in intraorganizational networks. Social Psychology Quarterly. 54:(1):1991;36-53.
27. Gabarro J.J. The development of working relationships. Lorsch J.W. Handbook of organizational behavior. 1987;172-189 Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
28. Gardner W.L., Martinko M.J. Impression management: An observational study linking audience characteristics with verbal self-presentations. Academy of Management Journal. 31:(1):1988;42-65.
29. Gouldner A.W. Patterns of industrial bureaucracy. 1954;Free Press, New York.
30. Graen G.B. Role-making within complex organizations. Dunnette M.D. Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. 1976;1201-1245 Rand McNally, Chicago, IL.
31. Graen G.B., Cashman J. A role-making model of leadership in formal organizations: A development approach. Hunt J.G., Larson L.L. Leadership frontiers. 1975;143-166 Kent State University Press, Kent, Ohio.
32. Graen G.B., Scandura T.A. Toward a psychology of dyadic organizing. Cummings L.L., Shaw B.M. Research in organizational behavior. 1987;175-208 JAI Press, Greenwich, CT.
33. Graen G.B., Uhl-Bien M. The transformation of professionals into self-managing and partially self-designing contributions: Toward a theory of leader-making. Journal of Management Systems. 3:(3):1991;49-54.
34. Graen G.B., Uhl-Bien M. Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi. Leadership Quarterly. 6:(2):1995;219-247.
35. Green S.G., Mitchell T.R. Attributional processes of leaders in leader member interactions. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance. 23:1979;429-458.
36. Griesinger D.W. The human side of economic organization. Academy of Management Review. 15:(3):1990;478-499.
37. Hays R.B. A longitudinal study of friendship development. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 48:1985;909-924.
38. Hays R.B. Friendship. Duck S.W. Handbook of personal relationships. 1988;391-408 Wiley, New York.
39. Hays R.B. The day-to-day functioning of close versus casual friendships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 6:1989;21-37.
40. Heider F. The psychology of interpersonal relations. 1958;Wiley, New York.
41. Heneman R.L., Greenberger D.B., Anonyuo C. Attributions and exchanges: The effects of interpersonal factors on the diagnosis of employee performance. Academy of Management Journal. 32:(2):1989;466-476.
42. Hofstede G. The cultural relativity of the quality of life concept. Academy of Management Review. 9:(3):1984;389-398.
43. Hollander E.P., Offermann L.R. Power and leadership in organizations. American Psychologist. 45:(2):1990;179-189.
44. Homans G.C. Social behavior: Its elementary form. rev. ed. 1974;Harcourt Brace Javanovich, Inc. New York.
45. Huston T.L., Burgess R.L. Social exchange theory in developing relationships. Burgess R.L., Huston T.L. Social exchange in developing relationships. 1979;3-28 Academic Press, New York.
46. Ibarra H. Personal networks of women and minorities in management: A conceptual framework. Academy of Management Review. 18:(1):1993;56-87.
47. Jackson S.E., Brett J.F., Sessa V.I., Cooper D.M., Julin J.A., Peyronnin K. Some differences make a difference: Individual dissimilarity and group heterogeneity as correlates of recruitment, promotions, and turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology. 76:(5):1991;675-689.
48. Jacobs R., Kozlowski S.W.J. A closer look at halo error in performance ratings. Academy of Management Journal. 28:1985;201-212.
49. Johnson M.S. Variables associated with friendship in an adult population. The Journal of Social Psychology. 129:(3):1989;379-390.
50. Judge T.A., Ferris G.R. Social context of performance evaluation decisions. Academy of Management Journal. 36:(1):1993;80-105.
51. Kelley H.H., Thibaut J.W. Interpersonal relations: A theory of interdependence. 1978;Wiley, New York.
52. Kilduff M. The interpersonal structure of decision making: A social comparison approach to organizational choice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 47:(2):1990;270-288.
53. Kingstrom P.O., Mainstone L.E. An investigation of the rater-ratee acquaintance and rater bias. Academy of Management Journal. 28:(3):1985;641-653.
54. Krackhardt D., Kilduff M. Friendship patterns and culture: The control of organizational diversity. American Anthropologist. 92:(1):1990;142-154.
55. Krackhardt D., Porter L.W. When friends leave: A structural analysis of the relationship between turnover and stayers' attitudes. Administrative Science Quarterly. 30:1985;242-261.
56. Kuhnert K.W., Lewis P. Transactional and transformational leadership: A constructive/developmental analysis. Academy of Management Review. 12:(4):1987;648-657.
57. Kurth S. Friendships and friendly relations. McCall G., McCall M., Denzin N., Suttles G., Kurth S. Social relationships. 1970;136-170 Aldine, Chicago.
58. LaGaipa J.J. Testing a multidimensional approach to friendship. Duck S.W. Theory and practice in interpersonal attraction. 1977;Academic Press, New York.
59. Liden R.C., Graen G. Generalizability of the vertical dyad linkage model of leadership. Academy of Management Journal. 23:1980;451-465.
60. Liden R.C., Wayne S.J., Stilwell D. A longitudinal study on the early development of leader-member exchanges. Journal of Applied Psychology. 78:(4):1993;662-674.
61. Lincoln J.R., Miller J. Work and friendship ties in organizations: A comparative analysis of relational networks. Administrative Science Quarterly. 24:1979;181-199.
62. Lott A.J., Lott B.E. Group cohesiveness, communication level, and conformity. Journal of Abnormaland Social Psychology. 62:1961;408-412.
63. Lott A.J., Lott B.E. The role of reward in the formation of interpersonal attitudes. Hutton T.L. Foundations of interpersonal attraction. 1974;171-192 Academic Press, New York.
64. Lott B.E., Lott A.J. The formation of positive attitudes toward group members. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 61:1960;408-412.
65. Love K.G. Comparison of peer assessment methods: Reliability, validity, friendship bias, and user reaction. Journal of Applied Psychology. 66:1981;451-547.
66. Mainiero L.A. A review and analysis of power dynamics in organizational romances. Academy of Management Review. 11:(4):1986;750-762.
67. Martinko M.J., Gardner W.L. The leader-member attribution process. Academy of Management Review. 12:(2):1987;235-249.
68. Mitchell T.R. Attributions and actions: A note of caution. Journal of Management. 8:1982;65-74.
69. Meglino B.M., Ravlin E.C., Adkins C.L. A work values approach to corporate culture: A field test of the value congruence process and its relationship to individual outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology. 74:1989;424-432.
70. Meglino B.M., Ravlin E.C., Adkins C.L. Value congruence and satisfaction with a leader: An examination of the role of interaction. Human Relations. 22:(5):1991;481-495.
71. Nathan B.R., Mohrman A.M., Milliman J. Interpersonal relations as a context for the effects of appraisal interviews on performance and satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal. 34:(2):1991;352-369.
72. Neimeyer R.A., Mitchell K.A. Similarity and attraction: A longitudinal study. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 5:1988;131-148.
73. Nelson R.E. The strength of strong ties: Social networks and intergroup conflict in organizations. Academy of Management Journal. 32:(2):1989;377-401.
74. Nystrom P.C. Vertical exchanges and organizational commitments of American business managers. Group and Organization Studies. 15:(3):1990;296-312.
75. Park O.S., Sims H.P., Motowidlo S.J. Affect in organizations. Sims H.P. Jr., Gioia D.A. The thinking organization. 1986;215-237 Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
76. Perlman D., Fehr B. Theories of friendship: The analysis of interpersonal attraction. Derleg V.J., Winstead B.A. Friendship and social interaction. 1986;9-40 Springer-Verlag, New York.
77. Phillips A.S., Bedeian A.G. Leader-follower exchange quality: The role of personal and interpersonal attributes. Academy of Management Journal. 37:(4):1994;990-1001.
78. Pierce C.A., Byrne D., Aguinis H. Attraction in organizations: A model of workplace romance. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 17:(1):1996;5-32.
79. Quinn R.E. Coping with cupid: The formation, impact, and management of romantic relationships in organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly. 22:(1):1977;30-45.
80. Rawlins W.K. Cross-sex friendship and the communicative management of sex-role expectations. Communication Quarterly. 30:1982;343-352.
81. Regan D.T., Totten J. Empathy and attribution: Turning observers into actors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 32:1975;850-856.
82. Roberts K.H., O'Reilly C.A. Some correlations of communication roles in organizations. Academy of Management Journal. 22:(1):1979;42-57.
83. Robbins T.L., DeNisi A.S. closer look at interpersonal affect as a distinct influence on cognitive processing in performance evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology. 79:(3):1994;341-353.
84. Schall M.S. A communication-rules approach to organizational culture. Administrative Science Quarterly. 28:1983;577-581.
85. Schein E.H. Organizational culture and leadership. 1985;Josey-Bass, San Francisco.
86. Schneider B. The people make the place. Personnel Psychology. 40:1987;437-453.
87. Shamir B. The charismatic relationship: Alternative explanations and predictions. Leadership Quarterly. 2:(2):1991;81-104.
88. Shamir B. Social distance and charisma: Theoretical notes and an exploratory study. Leadership Quarterly. 6:(1):1995;19-47.
89. Simpson J.A., Harris B.A. Interpersonal attraction. Weber A.L., Harvey J.H. Perspectives on close relationships. 1994;45-66 Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA.
90. Taylor R.R., Hanlon S.C., Boyd N.G. Can leaders and subordinates be friends? Theoretical support for close leader-subordinate relationships. Proceedings of the Southwest Academy of Management. 1990;Southwest Academy of Management.
91. Taylor R.R., Hanlon S.C., Boyd N.G. Can leaders and subordinates be friends? A classroom approach for addressing an important managerial dilemma. Journal of Management Education. 16:1992;39-55.
92. Thibaut J.W., Kelley H.H. The social psychology of groups. 1959;Academic Press, New York.
93. Tsui A.S., Barry B. Interpersonal affect and rating errors. Academy of Management Journal. 29:(3):1986;586-599.
94. Tsui A.S., O'Reilly C.A. III. Beyond simple demographic effects: The importance of relational demography in superior-subordinate dyads. Academy of Management Journal. 32:1989;302-423.
95. Uhl-Bien M., Graen G.B. Leadership-making in self-managing professional work teams: An empirical investigation. Clark K.E., Clark M.B., Campbell D.P. The impact of leadership. 1993;379-387 Leadership Library of America, West Orange, NJ.
96. Vecchio R.P., Gobdel B.C. The vertical dyad linkage model of leadership: Problems and prospects. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance. 34:1984;5-20.
97. Verbrugge L.J. The structure of adult friendship choices. Social Forces. 56:1983;576-597.
98. Waldron V.R. Achieving communication goals in superior-subordinate relationships: The multi-functionality of upward maintenance tactics. Communication Monographs. 58:1991;289-306.
99. Wayne S.J., Ferris G.R. Influence tactics, affect, and exchange quality in supervisor-subordinate interactions: A laboratory experiment and field study. Journal of Applied Psychology. 75:(5):1990;487-499.
100. Werner C., Parmelee P. Similarity of activity preferences among friends: Those who play together stay together. Social Psychology Quarterly. 42:(1):1979;62-66.
101. Whitehead A.N. The function of reason. 1929;Beacon Press, Boston, MA.
102. Wiener B., Frieze I., Kukla A., Reed L., Rest S., Rosenbaum R.M. Perceiving the causes of success and failure. 1971;General Learning Press, Morristown, NJ.
103. Winstead B.A., Derlega V.J. Friendship and social interaction: An introduction. Derlega V.J., Winstead B.A. Friendship and social interaction. 1986;1-7 Springer-Verlag, New York.
104. Wiseman J.P. Friendship: Bonds and binds in a voluntary relationship. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 3:1986;191-211.
105. Wright P.H. Toward a theory of friendship based on a conception of self. Human Communication Research. 4:(3):1978;196-207.
106. Wright P.H. Self-referent motivation and the intrinsic quality of friendship. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 1:1984;115-130.