Phylogenetic analysis of surface areas of mammals

Journal of Mammalogy

Volumn 78, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 859-868

  Reynolds, P S ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND   (United States)

Author keywords

Allometry; Marine mammals; Monte Carlo simulations; Phylogeny; Semiaquatic mammals; Surface area

Indexed keywords

MAMMALIA;

EID: 0010913311     PISSN: 00222372     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1382944     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. ALTMAN, P. L., AND D. S. DITTMER. 1962. Growth. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Washington, D.C., 608 pp.
2. BOSE, N., J. LIEN, AND J. AHIA. 1990. Measurements of the bodies and flukes of several cetacean species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B. Biological Sciences, 242:163-173.
3. BROWN, J. H., AND R. C. LASIEWSKI. 1972. Metabolism of weasels: the cost of being long and thin. Ecology, 53:939-943.
4. CATZEFLIS, E M., A. W. DICKERMAN, J. MICHAUX, AND J. A. W. KIRSCH. 1993. DNA hybridization and rodent phylogeny. Pp. 159-172, in Mammal phylogeny: placentals (F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek, and M. C. McKenna, eds.). Springer-Verlag, New York, 321 pp.
5. DAWSON, T. J., AND A. J. HURLBERT. 1970. Standard metabolism, body temperature, and surface area of Australian marsupials. American Journal of Physiology, 218:1233-1238.
6. FELSENSTEIN, J. 1985. Phylogenies and the comparative method. The American Naturalist, 125:1-15.
7. FISH, F. E., S. INNES, AND K. RONALD. 1988. Kinematics and estimated thrust production of swimming harp and ringed seals. Journal of Experimental Biology, 137:157-173.
8. GARDNER, M. J., AND D. J. ALTMAN. 1986. Confidence intervals rather than P values: estimation rather than hypothesis testing. British Medical Journal, 292: 746-750.
9. GARLAND, T., JR., A. W. DICKERMAN, C. M. JANIS, AND J. A. JONES. 1993. Phylogenetic analysis of covariance by computer simulation. Systematic Biology, 42:265-292.
10. GOULD, S. J. 1966. Allometry and size in ontogeny and phylogeny. Biological Review, 41:587-640.
11. GRANT, T. R., AND T. J. DAWSON. 1978. Temperature regulation in the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus: production and loss of metabolic heat in air and water. Physiological Zoology, 51:315-332.
12. GRAY, J. 1936. Studies in animal locomotion. VI. The propulsive powers of the dolphin. Journal of Experimental Biology, 13:192-199.
13. HAMPTON, I. F. G., G. C. WHITTOW, J. SZEKERCZES, AND S. RUTHERFORD. 1971. Heat transfer and body temperature in the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. International Journal of Biometeorology, 15:247-253.
14. HARVEY, P. H., AND M. D. PAGEL. 1991. The comparative method in evolutionary biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, 239 pp.
15. HEMMINGSEN, A. M. 1960. Energy metabolism as related to body size and respiratory surfaces, and its evolution. Reports of the Steno Memorial Hospital and the Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium, 9(2):7-110.
16. INNES, S. 1978. Energetics of pelage polymorphism in the eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). M. S. thesis, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, 142 pp.
17. INNES, S., G. A. J. WORTHY, D. M. LAVIGNE, AND K. RONALD. 1990. Surface areas of phocid seals. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68:2531-2538.
18. IVERSEN, J. A., AND J. KROG. 1973. Heat production and body surface area in seals and sea otters. Norwegian Journal of Zoology, 21:51-54.
19. KIRSCH, J. A. W. 1977. The comparative serology of Marsupialia, and a classification of marsupials. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 52:1-152.
20. KIRSCH, J. A. W., C. KRAJEWSKI, M. S. SPRINGER, AND M. ARCHER. 1990. DNA-DNA hybridisation studies of carnivorous marsupials. II. Relationships among dasyurids (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 38:673-696.
21. LIU, C. T., AND G. A. HIGBEE. 1976. Determination of body surface area in the rhesus monkey. Journal of Applied Physiology, 40:101-104.
22. MACARTHUR, R. A. 1984. Aquatic thermoregulation in the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus): energy demands of swimming and diving. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62:241-248.
23. _. 1989. Aquatic mammals in cold. Pp. 289-325, in Advances in comparative and environmental physiology: Animal adaptation to cold. (L. C. H. Wang, ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 4:1-441.
24. MARITZ, J. S. 1981. Distribution-free statistical methods. Chapman and Hall, London, United Kingdom, 264 pp.
25. MEEH, K. 1879. Oberflächenmessungen des menschlichen Körpers. Zeitschrift für Biologie, 15: 425-428.
26. MILINKOVITCH, M. C., A. MEYER, AND J. R. POWELL. 1994. Phylogeny of all major groups of cetaceans based on DNA sequences from three mitochondrial genes. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 11:939-948.
27. MOUCHATY, S., J. A. COOK, AND G. F. SHIELDS. 1995. Phylogenetic analysis of northern hair seals based on nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene. Journal of Mammalogy, 76:1178-1185.
28. NETER, J., W. WASSERMAN, AND M. H. KUTNER. 1985. Applied linear statistical models: regression, analysis of variance, and experimental designs. Second ed. Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Homewood, Illinois, 1127 pp.
29. NORBERG, U. 1990. Vertebrate flight: mechanics, physiology, morphology, ecology and evolution. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 291 pp.
30. NOVACEK, M. 1992. Mammalian phylogeny: shaking the tree. Nature, 356:121-125.
31. NOWAK, R. M., AND J. L. PARADISO. 1983. Walker's mammals of the world. Fourth ed. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1:1-568, 2:569-1362.
32. NOWAK, R. M., AND J. L. PARADISO. 1983. Walker's mammals of the world. Fourth ed. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1:1-568, 2:569-1362.
33. REYNOLDS, P. S. 1993a. Size, shape, and surface area of the beaver Castor canadensis, a semiaquatic mammal. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71:876-882.
34. _. 1993b. Effects of body size and fur on heat loss of collared lemmings Dicrostonyx groenlandicus. Journal of Mammalogy, 74:291-303.
35. REYNOLDS, P. S., AND R. M. LEE, III. 1996. Phylogenetic analysis of avian metabolic rates: passerines and nonpasserines do not differ. The American Naturalist, 147:735-749.
36. RICKER, W. E. 1973. Linear regressions in fisheries research. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 30:409-434.
37. RIDGWAY, S. H. 1972. Homeostasis in the aquatic environment. Pp. 590-780, in Mammals of the sea: biology and medicine (S. H. Ridgway, ed.). Charles C Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 812 pp.
38. SCHMIDT-NIELSEN, K. 1984. Scaling: why is animal size so important? Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 241 pp.
39. SLIJPER, E. J. 1962. Whales. Basic Books, New York, 475 pp.
40. SWAN, H. 1974. Thermoregulation and bioenergetics: patterns for vertebrate survival. American Elsevier Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 430 pp.
41. TARASOFF, F. J. 1974. Anatomical adaptations in the river otter, sea otter, and harp seal, with reference to thermal regulation. Pp. 111-141, in Functional anatomy of marine mammals (R. J. Harrison, ed.). Academic Press, New York, 2:1-366.
42. VAUGHAN, J. A., AND T. ADAMS. 1967. Surface area of the cat. Journal of Applied Physiology, 22:956-958.
43. WAYNE, R. K., R. E. BENEVISTE, D. N. JANCZEWSKI, AND S. J. O'BRIEN. 1989. Molecular and biochemical evolution of the Carnivora. Pp. 465-494, in Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution (J. L. Gittleman, ed.). Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 620 pp.
44. WEATHERS, W. W., AND R. B. SIEGEL. 1995. Body size establishes the scaling of avian postnatal metabolic rate: an interspecific analysis using phylogenetically independent contrasts. The Ibis, 137:532-542.
45. WILLIAMS, T. M., AND G. L. KOOYMAN. 1985. Swimming performance and hydrodynamic characteristics of harbor seals Phoca vitulina. Physiological Zoology, 58:576-589.
46. YASUI, W. Y. 1980. Morphometrics, hydrodynamics and energetics of locomotion for a small cetacean, Phocoena. M.S. thesis. University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, 120 pp.