Political succession and the nature of political competition in Russia

Problems of Post-Communism

Volumn 44, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 32-37

  Breslauer, George W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0010749383     PISSN: 10758216     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10758216.1997.11655748     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Konstitutsiia Rossiiskoi Federatsii (Constitution of the Russian Federation), Moscow, December 1993, ch. 4, articles 81 and 92; Federal'nii Zakon o Vyborakh Prezidenta Rossiiskoi Federatsii (Federal Law on the Election of the President of the Russian Federation), Moscow, May 1995.
2. Segodnia (July 5, 1996).
3. Segodnia (October 18, 1996).
4. David Remnick, Resurrection: The Struggle for a New Russia (New York: Random House, 1997), pp. 331-33; ITAR-TASS (October 11, 1996) reported that Korzhakov said in an interview that he had urged Yeltsin to postpone the election for health reasons.
5. Remnick, Resurrection, pp. 331-33.
6. Izvestia (July 20, 1994); Russian Television [RTR], September 11, 1996.
7. Komsomol'skaia pravda (September 24, 1996), as cited in Hindustan Times (September 24, 1996). Reuters reported that he said this in an interview in Argumenty i fakty (August 21, 1996).
8. Komsomol'skaia pravda (September 24, 1996), as cited in Hindustan Times (September 24, 1996). Reuters reported that he said this in an interview in Argumenty i fakty (August 21, 1996).
9. Komsomol'skaia pravda (September 24, 1996), as cited in Hindustan Times (September 24, 1996). Reuters reported that he said this in an interview in Argumenty i fakty (August 21, 1996).
10. My thanks to M. Steven Fish for this observation.
11. Stephen Holmes, "Superpresidentialism and Its Problems," East European Constitutional Review 2-3, nos. 4-1 (fall-winter 1993-94): 123-26.
12. Dankwart A. Rustow, "Transitions to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model," Comparative Politics 2, no. 3 (April 1970): 337-63; Giuseppe Di Palma, To Craft Democracies (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1990). This refers to a prolonged process, much longer than the time that has transpired in post-communist transitions. Moreover, it is a process that can also result in confrontation and breakdown.
13. Dankwart A. Rustow, "Transitions to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model," Comparative Politics 2, no. 3 (April 1970): 337-63; Giuseppe Di Palma, To Craft Democracies (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1990). This refers to a prolonged process, much longer than the time that has transpired in post-communist transitions. Moreover, it is a process that can also result in confrontation and breakdown.
14. Richard Rose and Evgeny Tikhomirov, "Russia's Forced-Choice Presidential Election," Post-Soviet Affairs 12, no. 4 (October-December 1996): 351-79.
15. John D. Varoli, "There Are More 'New Poor' Than 'New Russians,'" Transition 2, no. 20 (October 4, 1996): 6-11.
16. For data on such considerations, see Timothy J. Colton, "Economics and Voting in Russia," Post-Soviet Affairs 12, no. 4 (October-December 1996): 289-317; and Rose and Tikhomirov, "Russia's Forced-Choice Presidential Election."
17. For data on such considerations, see Timothy J. Colton, "Economics and Voting in Russia," Post-Soviet Affairs 12, no. 4 (October-December 1996): 289-317; and Rose and Tikhomirov, "Russia's Forced-Choice Presidential Election."
18. Mikhail Myagkov, Peter Ordeshook, and Alexander Sobyanin, "The Russian Electorate, 1991-1996," Post-Soviet Affairs 13, no. 2 (April-June 1997): 134-66.
19. Komersant Daily (August 29, 1996).
20. Rose and Tikhomirov, "Russia's Forced-Choice Presidential Election," pp. 370-71.
21. Michael McFaul, "Russia's 1996 Presidential Elections," Post-Soviet Affairs 12, no. 4 (October-December 1996): 318-50.
22. Ibid.
23. Segodnia (July 19, 1996); ITAR-TASS, July 18, 1996; and NTV (July 18, 1996).
24. Anthony Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York: Harper and Row, 1957).
25. The term "centrism" is meant here to encompass an intermediate position on the various political spectra of contemporary Russian politics: (1) patriotism with a bit of Russian nationalism but of the civic, non-aggressive type; (2) a commitment at least in words to combining law and order with individual rights; (3) continued economic reform and opportunity but with a strengthening of the safety net and payment of wages; (4) a continued openness to the outside world and continued basic freedoms but without the sense that a privileged few are uniquely capable of enjoying these freedoms; (5) a crackdown on egregious corruption and organized crime but without sacrifice of freedom for the rest of the population; (6) a sense that relations with Ukraine and other surrounding states are getting closer but without the prospect of confrontation or warfare; and (7) efforts to hold Russia together as a state but without getting involved in another war like that in Chechnya.
26. This insight has been offered by Michael McFaul in "Three's a Charm? Russia's Protracted Transition to Democracy" (manuscript, Stanford University, n.d.).
27. NTV and RTR, Augusts 5, 1996; Izvestia (September 7, 1996); ITAR-TASS, September 9, October 1, and October 14, 1996; ORT [television], October 8, 1996; Vecherniaia Moskva (September 25, 1996); and Flag Rodiny (October 5, 1996).
28. NTV and RTR, Augusts 5, 1996; Izvestia (September 7, 1996); ITAR-TASS, September 9, October 1, and October 14, 1996; ORT [television], October 8, 1996; Vecherniaia Moskva (September 25, 1996); and Flag Rodiny (October 5, 1996).
29. NTV and RTR, Augusts 5, 1996; Izvestia (September 7, 1996); ITAR-TASS, September 9, October 1, and October 14, 1996; ORT [television], October 8, 1996; Vecherniaia Moskva (September 25, 1996); and Flag Rodiny (October 5, 1996).
30. Izvestia (October 2, 1996).
31. Izvestia (October 3, 1996).
32. A hero of Afghanistan, Rutskoi served as Yeltsin's vice president from 1991 to 1993. Rutskoi was arrested for leading the October 1993 parliamentary revolt.