Danish consensus conferences as a model of participatory technology assessment: An impact study of consensus conferences on Danish Parliament and Danish public debate

Science and Public Policy

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 2-22

  Joss, Simon ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTMINSTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0010495372     PISSN: 03023427     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. A Cambrosio and C Limoges, "Controversies as governing processes in technology assessment", Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 3, 1991, pages 377-395.
2. See, for example: U Beck, Risk Society; Towards a New Modernity (Sage Publications, London, 1992); and D Nelkin, Controversy; Politics of Technical Decisions (Sage Publications. London, 1992).
3. See, for example: U Beck, Risk Society; Towards a New Modernity (Sage Publications, London, 1992); and D Nelkin, Controversy; Politics of Technical Decisions (Sage Publications. London, 1992).
4. L Hennen, "Technology Assessment und Partizipation - Der Stachel im Fleisch der Politikberatung?", Gesellschaft für Technikfolgen-Abschätzung, 2, 1993, pages 7-14.
5. G Bechmann, "Democratic functioning of technology assessment in technology policy decision-making". Science and Public Policy, 20(1), 1993, pages 11-16.
6. See Bechmann, reference 4.
7. D J Fiorino, "Environmental risk and democratic process: a critical review", Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, 14, 1989, pages 501-547.
8. See Cambrosio and Limoges, reference 1, page 381.
9. S Möckli, Direkte Demokratie; Ein Internationaler Vergleich (Verlag Paul Haupt, Bern, 1994).
10. F N Laird, "Participatory analysis, democracy, and technological decision making". Science, Technology and Human Values, 18, 1993, pages 341-361.
11. For an overview of the Danish consensus conferences see: S Joss and J Durant, Public Participation in Science: The Role of Consensus Conferences in Europe (Science Museum, London, 1995).
12. Danish Board of Technology, "The future of motoring: results from a consensus conference", Project Publication, 3, The Danish Board of Technology, Copenhagen, 1993; and J Grundahl, "The Danish consensus conference model", see S Joss and J Durant, reference 10, page 31.
13. Danish Board of Technology, "The future of motoring: results from a consensus conference", Project Publication, 3, The Danish Board of Technology, Copenhagen, 1993; and J Grundahl, "The Danish consensus conference model", see S Joss and J Durant, reference 10, page 31.
14. Subjects were: gene technology in industry and agriculture (1987); food irradiation, human genome mapping (both 1989); air pollution (1990); educational technology (1991); transgenic animals (1992); future of private motoring, infertility (both 1993); electronicidentity cards, transport information systems, integrated production in agriculture (all 1994); threshold limits and risk assessment in foodstuffs and the environment, gene therapy (both 1995); fishery policy; consumerism and sustainability (both 1996).
15. R Bilderbeek, and I Andersen, Involving Citizens in Sustainable Development: Experiences from European Scenario-Workshops in Urban Ecology (Danish Board of Technology, Copenhagen, 1994.
16. Netherlands: Rathenau Institute (The Hague); Britian: Science Museum (London); New Zealand: ad hoc committee initiated by Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (Wellington); Norway: National Committees for Research Ethics and Norwegian Biotechnology Advisory Committee (Oslo); Massachusetts: Loka-Institute (Amherst); Japan: National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (Tokyo); Switzerland: Swiss Science Council (Berne); France: Parliamentary Office of Tecnology Assessment, OPCST (Paris); Australia: National Consumers Association (Marrickville).
17. See, for example: T Cronberg, "Technology assessment in the Danish socio-political context", Tekster om Teknologivurdering (Technical University of Denmark. Lyngby, 1992); and L Klüver, "Consensus conferences of the Danish Board of Technology", see Joss and Durant, reference 10, pages 41-49.
18. See, for example: T Cronberg, "Technology assessment in the Danish socio-political context", Tekster om Teknologivurdering (Technical University of Denmark. Lyngby, 1992); and L Klüver, "Consensus conferences of the Danish Board of Technology", see Joss and Durant, reference 10, pages 41-49.
19. See Hennen, reference 3, page 10.
20. Forhandlingerne I Folketingsåret 1984-85 (Folketinget, 66:11269, Copenhagen, 1985).
21. See Klüver, reference 15, page 41.
22. See Cronberg, reference 15. This and the following paragraph are largely informed by Cronberg's article.
23. T Joørgensen, "Consensus conferences in the health care sector", see Joss and Durant, reference 10, pages 17-29.
24. Forhandlingerne I Folketingsåret 1984-85. Lov om Et Teknologinævn (Folketinget, L167:Blad 600, Copenhagen, 1985).
25. Forhandlingerne I Folketingsåret 1994-95. Lov om Teknologirådet (Folketinget, L375:Blad114, Copenhagen, 1995).
26. In several cases, the other 35% who responded, but did not wish to participate, did so not because of lack of knowledge or interest, but because they either did not have time or as a matter of principle. Notably most of the 19 Government ministers did not participate in the study.
27. Folketinget Library (Folketinget, Copenhagen).
28. Forhandlingerne I Folketingsåret 1988-89 (Folketinget, VIII:11057, Copenhagen, 1989).
29. Forhandlingerne I Folketingsåret 1993-94. Forespoørgsel Til Sundhesministeren (Folketinget, 39:5400, Copenhagen, 1994).
30. Danish Board of Technology, Consensus Conference on The Application of Knowledge Gained from Mapping The Human Genome. Final Report (Danish Board of Technology, Copenhagen, 1989).
31. Forhandlingerne I Folketingsåret 1989-90. Forslag Til Folketingsbeslutning om Anvendelse af Genetiske Test, Beslutningsforslag B30 (Folketinget, 79:2, Copenhagen, 1990).
32. Lov Om Brug af Helbredsoplysninger m.v. På Arbeijdsmarkedet, Omtrykt (Folketinget, Hæfte 60:1666-68, Copenhagen, 1996).
33. See Klüver, reference 15, page 44.
34. See Klüver, reference 15, page 44. According to Klüver, there are often more than 100 media reports of a consensus conference.
35. The references were made to: Commission of the European Community, Eurobarometer 35.1, Biotechnology (Commission of the European Community, Brussels, 1991); and Commission of the European Community, Eurobaromter 39.1, Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering: What Europeans Think About It in 1993 (Commission of the European Community, Brussels, 1993).
36. Forhandlingerne I Folketinsåret 1994-95. Forslag Til Lov om Teknologirådet (Folketinget, 109:2364, Copenhagen, 1995).
37. Letter from the Confederation of Danish Industries to the Minister of Research (30.11.1994), private communication.
38. Interview with representatives of Novo Nordisk and Danisco (Bagsværd and Copenhagen, 1995, private communication).
39. See Klüver, reference 10, page 41; and T Cronberg, "Do marginal voices shape technology?", see Joss and Durant, reference 10, pages 125f.
40. The British have been led to believe only they are sceptical about Europe...", The Independent, London, 12.12.1996. Also see reference 32.
41. U Joørgensen and P Karnoøe, "The Danish wind-turbine story: technical solutions to political visions?", in A Rip, T J Misa and J Schot (editors). Managing Technology In Society (Pinter, London, 1995) pages 57-82.
42. Discovering Copenhagen '96. (Copenhagen '96 Foundation, Copenhagen, 1995).
43. J Toft, "Denmark: seeking a broad-based consensus on gene technology", Science and Public Policy, 23, 1996, pages 171-174.
44. See Cambrosio and Limoges, reference 1, pages 379ff.
45. See Bechmann, reference 4, page 13.
46. See Cambrosio and Limoges, reference 1, page 380.
47. A Rip, T J Misa and J Schot (editors), Managing Technology in Society; The Approach of Constructive Technology Assessment (Pinter, London, 1995).
48. See, for example, R A Dahl, "A democratic dilemma: system effectiveness versus citizen participation", Political Science Quarterly, 109, 1994, pages 23-34.; and H Teune, "Local government and democratic political development". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 540, 1995, pages 11-23.
49. See, for example, R A Dahl, "A democratic dilemma: system effectiveness versus citizen participation", Political Science Quarterly, 109, 1994, pages 23-34.; and H Teune, "Local government and democratic political development". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 540, 1995, pages 11-23.