Developmental genetics of C4 photosynthesis

Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 1992, Pages 25-47

  Nelson, Timothy ^a   Langdale, Jane A ^b  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bundle sheath; Kranz anatomy; Leaf development; Mesophyll

Indexed keywords

EID: 0010303978     PISSN: 10402519     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pp.43.060192.000325     Document Type: Article

References (162)

1. 4 dicot Flaveria trinervia. Nucleic Acids Res. 15:1897
2. Aloni, R. 1987. Differentiation of vascular tissues. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 38:179-204
3. 2a. Antequerra, F., Bird. A. P. 1988. Un-methylated CpG islands associated with genes in higher-plant DNA. EMBO J. 7:2295-99
4. Antonielli, M., Lupattelli, M., Venanzi, G. 1981. Some characteristics of the chlorophyllous parenchyma of maize outside the leaf lamina. Plant Sci. Lett. 21:107-19
5. Antonielli, M., Venanzi, G. 1979. Structural properties of the rachis and hypsophyll of the maize ear. Plant Sci. Lett. 15:301-4
6. 3 seeds and leaves as compared to the enzyme from maize. Plant Physiol. 75:387-92
7. 4 carbon pathway enzymes in developing maize leaves and differentiating maize A188 callus. Plant Physiol. 80:322-33
8. Aoyagi, K., Nakamoto, H. 1985. Pyruvate Pi dikinase in bundle sheath strands as well as in mesophyll cells in maize leaves. Plant Physiol. 78:661-64
9. 4) and their Fl hybrid. Planta 183: 497-504
10. 4-like) and their F1 hybrid. Photosynth. Res. 26:49-57
11. Bassi, R., Passera, C. 1982. Effect of growth conditions on carboxylating enzymes of Zea mays plants. Photosynth. Res. 3:53-58
12. Berry, J. O., Carr, J. P., Klessig, D. F. 1988. mRNAs encoding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase remain bound to polysomes but are not translated in amaranth seedlings transferred to darkness. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 4190-94
13. Berry, J. O., Niklou, B. J., Carr, J. P., Klessig, D. F. 1985. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase gene expression in light and dark grown Amaranth cotyledons. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:2238-46
14. Berry, J. O., Nikolau, B. J., Carr, J. P., Klessig, D. F. 1986. Translational regulation of light-induced ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase gene expression in amaranth Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:2347-53
15. Deleted in proof
16. 4 plant Flaveria trinervia. FEBS Lett. 273:111-15
17. Bowes, G., Salvucci, M. E. 1984. Hydrilla: inducible C4-type photosynthesis without Kranz anatomy. In Advances in Photosynthesis Research, ed. C. Sybesma, 3:829-32. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff/Junk Publishers
18. Brogue, R., Coruzzi. G., Keith, B., Chua, N.-H. 1984. Molecular biology of C4 photosynthesis in Zea mays: differential localization of proteins and mRNAs in the two leaf cell types. Plant Mol. Biol. 3:431-44
19. 4 Panicum species. Plant Physiol. 77:653-58
20. 4 photosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 91:1543-50
21. Brown, W. V. 1975. Variations in anatomy, associations, and origins of Kranz tissue. Am. J. Bot. 62:395-402
22. Brown, W. V. 1977. The Kranz syn-drome and its subtypes in grass systematics. Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 23:1-97
23. 2. Plant Physiol. 87:867-73
24. 4 photosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 89:1129-35
25. Colbert, J. T., Evert, R. F. 1982. Leaf vasculature in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). Planta 156:136-51
26. 4 photosynthetic characteristics in a single Zea mays plant. Planta 147:257-63
27. 4 photosynthesis. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:658
28. Crétin, C., Luchetta, P., Joly, C., Decottignies, P., Lepiniec, L., et al. 1990. Primary structure of sorghum malate dehydrogenase (NADP) deduced from cDNA sequence. Homology with malate dehydrogenase (NAD). Eur. J. Biochem. 192:299-303
29. Crétin, C., Santi, S., Kéryer, E., Lepiniec, L., Tagu, D., et al. 1991. The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene family of Sorghum: promoter structures, amino acid sequences and expression of genes. Gene 99:87-94
30. 4 leaf anatomy in Arundinella hirta (Gramineae). Plant Physiol. 52:397-402
31. 4 grasses. Crop Sci. 14:123-25
32. 4 NADP-malic enzyme grass Arundinella hirta. Can. J. Bot. 68: 1222-32
33. 4 grasses (Poaceae). Am. J. Bot. 72:284-302
34. 4 grasses Panicum effusum and P. bulbosum. Am. J. Bot. 73:1431-42
35. Dengler, R. E., Dengler, N. G. 1990. Leaf vascular architecture in the atypical NADP-malic enzyme grass Arundinella hirta. Can. J. Bot. 68:1208-21
36. 4 pathway. In Biochemistry of Plants, ed. M. D. Hatch and N. K. Boardman, 8:238-81. New York/London: Academic
37. 4 photosynthesis: activities of photosynthetic enzymes in a virescent mutant of maize having a low-temperature-induced chloroplast ribosome deficiency. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 15:385-95
38. 4 intermediates. In The Biochemistry of Plants, ed. M. D. Hatch, N. K. Boardman, 10:275-325. New York: Academic
39. 4 photosynthesis: properties and mechanism of light/dark regulation. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 36:255-86
40. 3 species with chlorenchymatous bundle sheath cells. Plant Cell Physiol. 31:1199-206
41. 4: Mechanisms and Cellular and Environmental Regulation of Photosynthesis. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific
42. Esau, K. 1942. Ontogeny of the vascular bundle in Zea mays. Hilgardia 15:327-68
43. Fahn, A. 1982. Plant Anatomy. Oxford, UK: Pergamon
44. 4 plants as valuable model experimental systems for the study of photosynthesis. New Phytol. 109:265-77
45. Gelinas, D., Postlethwait, S. N., Nelson, O. E. 1969. Characterization of development in maize through the use of mutants. II. The abnormal growth conditioned by the Knotted mutant. Am. J. Bot. 56:671-78
46. Gilmartin, P, M., Sarokin, L., Memelink, J., Chua, N.-H. 1990. Molecular light switches for plant genes. Plant Cell 2:369-78
47. Glackin, C. A., Grula, J. W. 1990. Organ-specific transcripts of different size and abundance derive from the same pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase gene in maize. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:3004-8
48. Grula, J. W., Hudspeth, R. L. 1987. The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene family of maize. In Plant Gene Systems and Their Biology, ed. J. L. Key, L. McIntosh, pp. 207-16. New York: Alan R. Liss
49. Hague, D. R., Uhler, M., Collins, P. D. 1983. Cloning of cDNA for pyruvate, Pi dikinase from maize leaves. Nucl. Acids Res. 11:4853-65
50. Hanley-Bowdoin, L., Orozco, E. M., Chua, N.-H. 1985. In vitro synthesis and processing of a maize chloroplast transcript encoded by the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:2733-45
51. Harpster, M., Taylor, W. C. 1986. Maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase: cloning and characterization of mRNAs encoding isozymic forms. J. Biol. Chem. 261:6132-36
52. Harpster, M. H., Mayfield, S. P., Taylor, W. C. 1984. Effects of pigment-deficient mutants on the accumulation of photosynthetic proteins in maize. Plant Mol. Biol. 3:59-71
53. 4 photosynthesis. Curr. Top. Cell Reg. 14:1-27
54. Hatch, M. D. 1987. C4 photosynthesis: a unique blend of modified biochemistry, anatomy and ultrastructure. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 895:81-106
55. 4 photosynthesis. In Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Ser., ed. C. R. Stocking, U. Heber, 3:144-84. New York: Springer-Verlag
56. 4-dicarboxylic acid pathway of photosynthesis and its effect on other characteristics of photosynthesis. Phytochemistry 8:697-707
57. Hattersley, P. W. 1987. Variations in photosynthetic pathway. In Grass Systematics and Evolution, ed. T. R. Soderstrom, K. W. Hilu, C. S. Camp-bell, M. E. Barkworth, pp. 49-64. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press
58. Hattersley, P. W., Watson, L. 1975. Anatomical parameters for predicting photosynthetic pathways of grass leaves: the 'maximum lateral cell count' and the 'maximum cells distant count'. Phytomorphology 25:325-33
59. 4 plants. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 4:523-39
60. 3 plant with Kranz syndrome. Photosynthetica 15:1-4
61. 3). Mol. Gen. Genet. 224:459-68
62. Huber, S. C., Hall, T. C., Edwards, G. E. 1976. Differential location of fraction I protein between chloroplast types. Plant Physiol. 57:730-33
63. 4 plant species. J. Biol. Chem. 265:808-14
64. Hudspeth, R. L., Glackin, C. A., Bonner, J., Grula, J. W. 1986. Genomic and cDNA clones for maize phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase: expression of different gene-family members in leaves and roots. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:2884-88
65. 4 photosynthesis. Plant Mol. Biol. 12: 579-89
66. 2 compensation point and dark respiration of leaves of some Poaceae and Cyperaceae species with senescence. Plant Cell Physiol. 20:1653-58
67. 4 pathway from maize. Nucl. Acids Res. 14:1615-28
68. Kano-Murakami, Y., Suzuki, I., Sugiyama, T., Matsuoka, M. 1991. Sequence-specific interactions of a maize factor with a GC-rich repeat in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene. Mol. Gen. Genet. 225:203-8
69. Kawamitsu, Y., Hakoyama, S., Agata, W., Takeda, T. 1985. Leaf interveinal distances corresponding to anatomical types in grasses. Plant Cell Physiol. 26:589-93
70. Kawamura, T, Shigesada, K., Yanagisawa, S., Izui, K. 1990. Phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxylase prevalent in maize roots: isolation of a cDNA clone and its use for analyses of the gene and gene expression. J. Biochem. 107:165-68
71. Keeley, J. E. 1990. Photosynthetic pathways in freshwater aquatic plants. Trends Evol. Ecol. 5:330-33
72. Keith, B., Chua, N.-H. 1986. Monocot and dicot pre-mRNAs are processed with different efficiencies in transgenic tobacco. EMBO J. 5:2419-25
73. 4 plants. Plant Physiol. 58:573-75
74. Kennedy, R. A., Laetsch, W. M. 1973. Relationship between leaf development and primary photosynthetic products in the C4 plant Portulaca oleracea L. Planta 115:113-24
75. 3 pathway following anthesis in sorghum. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 52:121-24
76. Kirchanski, S. J. 1975. The ultrastructural development of the dimorphic plastids of Zea mays L. Am. J. Bot. 62:695-705
77. Kirchanski, S. J., Park, R. B. 1976. Comparative studies of the thylakoid proteins of mesophyll and bundle sheath plastids of Zea mays. Plant Physiol. 58:345-49
78. 4 dicot Portulaca oleracea L. under natural environmental conditions. Plant Physiol. 69:757-61
79. 4 syndrome: a structural analysis. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 25:27-52
80. 4 plant. Plant Physiol. 49:1021-23
81. Laetsch, W. M., Price, I. 1969. Development of the dimorphic chloroplasts of sugar cane. Am. J. Bot. 56:77-87
82. Langdale, J. A., Lane, B., Freeling, M., Nelson, T. 1989. Cell lineage analysis of maize bundle sheath and mesophyl cells. Dev. Biol. 133:128-39
83. Langdale, J. A., Metzler, M. C., Nelson, T. 1987. The argentia mutation delays normal development of photosyn-thetic cell-types in Zea mays. Dev. Biol. 122:243-55
84. Langdale, J. A., Rothermel, B. A., Nelson, T. 1988. Cellular patterns of photosynthetic gene expression in de-veloping maize leaves. Genes & Development 2:106-15
85. Langdale, J. A., Taylor, W. C., Nelson, T. 1991. Cell-specific accumulation of maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase is correlated with demethylation at a specific site >3 kb upstream of the gene. Mol. Gen. Genet. 225:49-55
86. 3 patterns of photosynthetic gene expression in maize. EMBO J. 7:3643-51
87. Lebrun, M., Waksman, G., Freyssinet, G. 1987. Nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding corn ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit (rbcS). Nucl. Acids Res. 15:4360
88. Leech, R. M. 1985. The synthesis of cellular components in leaves. In Control of Leaf Growth, Exp. Biol. Sem. Ser., ed. N. R. Baker, W. J. Davies, C. K. Ong, 27:93-113. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press
89. Lepiniec, L., Santi, S., Keryer, E., Amiet, V., Vidai, J., et al. 1991. Com-plete nucleotide sequence of one member of the Sorghum PEPcarboxylase gene family. Plant Mol. Biol. In press
90. Luchetta, P., Cretin, C., Gadal, P. 1990. Structure and characterization of the Sorghum vulgare gene encoding NADP-malate dehydrogenase. Gene 89:171-77
91. Maksymowych, R. 1973. Analysis of Leaf Development. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
92. 4 Flaveria plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 13:419-26
93. Martineau, B., Taylor, W. C. 1985. Photosynthetic gene expression and cellular differentiation in developing maize leaves. Plant Physiol. 78:399-404
94. Matsumoto, K., Nishimura, M., Akazawa, T. 1977. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in the bundle sheath cells of maize leaves. Plant Cell Physiol. 18: 1281-90
95. Matsuoka, M. 1990. Structure, genetic mapping, and expression of the gene for pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase from maize. J. Biol. Chem. 265:16772-77
96. Matsuoka, M., Kano-Murakami, Y., Tanaka, Y., Ozeki, Y., Yamamoto, N. 1987. Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding the small subunit of ribuiose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase from maize. J. Biochem. 102:673-76
97. Matsuoka, M., Minami, E. 1989. Complete structure of the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from maize. Eur. J. Biochem. 181:593-98
98. Matsuoka, M., Numazawa, T. 1991. Cis-acting elements in the pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase gene from maize. Mol. Gen. Genet. 228:143-52
99. Matsuoka, M., Ozeki, Y., Yamamoto, N., Hirano, H., Kano-Murakami, Y., Tanaka, Y. 1988. Primary structure of maize pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase as deduced from cDNA sequence. J. Biol. Chem. 263:11080-83
100. 4 plant, maize, in tobacco. Mol. Gen. Genet. 225:411-19
101. 3 plant exposed to light. Plant Cell Physiol. 30:479-86
102. Mayfield, S. P., Taylor, W. C. 1984. The appearance of photosynthetic proteins in developing maize leaves. Planta 161:481-86
103. McIntosh, L., Poulsen, C., Bogorad, L. 1980. Chloroplast gene sequence for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase of maize. Nature 288:556-60
104. Metzler, M. C., Rothermel, B. A., Nel-son, T. 1989. Maize NADP-malate dehydrogenase: cDNA cloning, sequence, and mRNA characterization. Plant Mol. Biol. 12:713-22
105. Miranda, V., Baker, N. R., Long, S. P. 1981. Anatomical variation along the length of the Zea mays leaf in relation to photosynthesis. New Phytol. 88:595-605
106. Miranda, V., Baker, N. R., Long, S. P. 1981. Limitations of photosynthesis in different regions of the Zea mays leaf. New Phytol. 89:179-90
107. 4 photosynthesis and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Adv. Ecol. Res. 19:57-110
108. 4 photosynthesis. Plant Cell Environ. 12: 689-99
109. 4 dicot. Plant Cell Physiol. 27:1159-67
110. 4 intermediate Flaveria ramosissima. Plant Cell Physiol. 29:999-1006
111. Moore, P. D. 1982. Evolution of photosynthetic pathways in flowering plants. Nature 295:647-48
112. Nelson, T., Harpster, M., Mayfield, S. P., Taylor, W. C. 1984. Light-regulated gene expression during maize leaf de-velopment. J. Cell Biol. 98:558-64
113. 4 photosynthetic genes and their expression patterns during leaf development. In Control of Plant Gene Expression, ed. D. P. S. Verma, Caldwell, NJ: Telford Press. In press
114. 4 photosynthesis genes in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of greening maize leaves. J. Biol. Chem. 264:8241-48
115. Ogren, W. L. 1984. Photorespiration: pathways, regulation and modification. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 35:415-42
116. 4-pathway of photosynthesis. Bot. Notiser 127:352-63
117. Perchorowicz, J. T., Gibbs, M. 1980. Carbon dioxide fixation and related properties in sections of the developing green maize leaf. Plant Physiol. 65:802-9
118. Perrot-Rechenmann, C., Jacquot, J. P., Gadal, P., Weeden, N. R., Cseke, C., Buchanan, B. B. 1983. Localization of NADP-malate dehydrogenase of corn leaves by immunological methods. Plant Sci. Lett. 30:219-26
119. Perrot-Rechenmann, C., Vidal, J., Brulfer, J., Burlet, A., Gadal, P. 1982. A comparative immunocytochemical localization study of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in leaves of higher plants. Planta 155:24-30
120. Poethig, R. S. 1987. Clonal analysis of cell lineage patterns in plant development. Am. J. Bot. 74:581-94
121. Poethig, S. 1984. Cellular parameters of leaf morphogenesis in maize and tobacco. In Contemporary Problems in Plant Anatomy, ed. R. A. White and W. C. Dickison, pp. 235-59. New York: Academic
122. Poethig, S. 1989. Genetic mosaics and cell lineage analysis in plants. Trends Genet. 5:273-77
123. Powell, A. M. 1978. Systematics of Flaveria (Flaveriinae-Asteraceae). Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 65:590-636
124. 4 photosynthetic types. Plant Mol. Biol. 17:371-83
125. 4 intermediate species. Prog. Phytochem. 6:1-48
126. Reger, B. J., Yates, I. E. 1979. Distribution of photosynthetic enzymes between mesophyll, specialized parenchyma and bundle sheath cells of Arundinella hirta. Plant Physiol. 63:209-12
127. 4 intermediate species. Plant Sci. Lett. 61:43-52
128. 4-like photosynthetic characteristics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:2883-87
129. 4 plant Flaveria trinervia. FEBS Lett. 273:116-21
130. Rothermel, B. A. 1990. A biochemical and molecular characterization of the structure and regulation of chloroplastic NADP-dependent malic enzyme from maize. PhD thesis. Yale Univ.
131. Rothermel, B. A., Nelson, T. 1989. Primary structure of the maize NADP-dependent malic enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 264:19587-92
132. Russell, S. H., Evert, R. F. 1985. Leaf vasculature in Zea ma\s. Planta 164:448-58
133. Schäffner, A., Sheen, J. 1991. Maize rbcS promoter activity depends on se-quence elements not found in dicot rcbS promoters. Plant Cell 3:997-1012
134. Seeni, S., Gnanam, A. 1983. Photosynthesis in cell suspension culture of a C4 plant, Gisekia pharnaceoides L. Plant Cell Physiol. 24:1033-41
135. Sharman, B. C. 1942. Developmental anatomy of the shoot of Zea mays L. Ann. Bot. 6:245-84
136. Sheen, J.-Y. 1990. Metabolic repression of transcription in higher plants. Plant Cell 2:1027-38
137. Sheen, J.-Y. 1991. Molecular mechanisms underlying the differential expression of maize PPDK genes. Plant Cell 3:225-45
138. Sheen, J.-Y., Bogorad, L. 1985. Differential expression of the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit gene in bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of developing maize leaves is influenced by light. Plant Physiol. 79:1072-76
139. Sheen, J.-Y., Bogorad, L. 1986. Expression of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit gene and three small subunit genes in two cell types of maize leaves. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:7811-15
140. 4 pathway genes in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of greening maize leaves. J. Biol. Chem. 262:11726-30
141. Sheen, J.-Y., Bogorad, L. 1987. Differential expression of oxygen-evolving polypeptide genes in maize leaf cell types. Plant Mol. Biol. 9:217-26
142. 4 photosynthesis in bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of maize leaves. Plant Mol. Biol. 8:227-38
143. 4 plant without typical bundle sheaths. Plant Physiol. 56:676-79
144. Sinha, N. 1990. Developmental analysis of the Knotted mutant in maize. PhD thesis. Univ. Calif., Berkeley
145. Steeves, T. A., Sussex, I. M. 1988. Patterns in Plant Development. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
146. Stewart, R. N., Derman, H. 1975. Flexibility in ontogeny as shown by the contribution of shoot apical layers to leaves of periclinal chimeras. Am. J. Bot. 62:935-47
147. Stewart, R. N., Dermen, H. 1979. Ontogeny in monocotyledons as revealed by studies of the developmental anatomy of periclinal chloroplast chimeras. Am. J. Bot. 66:47-58
148. 4 plant, Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze. Plant Cell Physiol. 27:1117-25
149. Sylvester, A. W., Cande, W. Z., Freeling, M. 1990. Division and differentiation during normal and liguleless-1 maize leaf development. Development 110:985-1000
150. Tagu, D., Cretin, C., Bergounioux, C., Lepiniec, L., Gadal, P. 1991. Transcrip-tion of a sorghum hosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene in transgenic tobacco leaves: maturation of monocot PRE-mRNA by dicot cells. Plant Cell Ren. 9:688-90
151. Taylor, W. C. 1989. Regulatory interactions between nuclear and plastid genomes. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 40:211-33
152. Thiagarajah, M. R., Hunt, L. A., Mahon, J. C. 1981. Effects of position and age on leaf photosynthesis in com (Zea mays). Can. J. Bot. 59:28-33
153. 4 syndrome in Eleocharis, a sedge group inhabiting wet and aquatic environments, based on culm anatomy and carbon isotope ratios. Ann. Bot. 64:425-38
154. 3 modes in contrasting environments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:6733-37
155. Usada, H., Kanai, R., Takeuchi, M. 1971. Comparison of carbon dioxide fixation and the fine structure in various assimilatory tissues of Amaranthus retroflexus L. Plant Cell Physiol. 12:917-30
156. 4 plant (Zea mays). Physiol. Plant. 63:65-70
157. Williams, L. E., Kennedy, R. A. 1978. Photosynthetic carbon metabolism during leaf ontogeny in Zea mays L.: enzyme studies. Planta 142:269-74
158. Yakir, D., Osmond, B., Giles, L. 1991. Autotrophy in maize husk leaves: evaluation using natural abundance of stable isotopes. Plant Physiol. 97:1196-98
159. 4 photosynthesis: nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5' flanking region of the gene. J. Biochem. 106:982-87
160. 4 photosynthesis in Zea mays. Mol. Gen. Genet. 224:325-32
161. 4 photosynthesis. Agric. Biol. Chem. In press
162. Zelitch, I. 1975. Pathways of carbon fixation in green plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 123-45