Flow experience in sport: Construct validation of multidimensional, hierarchical state and trait responses

Structural Equation Modeling

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 343-371

  Marsh, Herbert W ^a   Jackson, Susan A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0010200474     PISSN: 10705511     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10705519909540140     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Beyond boredom and anxiety. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
2. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper & Row.
3. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1993). The evolving self. New York: Harper & Row.
4. Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, I. (1988). Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness. New York: Cambridge University Press.
5. Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Larson, R. (1987). Validity and reliability of the Experience Sampling Method. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 175, 526-536.
6. Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Larson, R. (1992). Validity and reliability of the Experience Sampling Method. In M. de Vries (Ed), The experience of psychopathology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
7. Ding, L., Velicer, W. F., & Harlow, L. L. (1995). The effects of estimation methods, number of indicators per factor and improper solutions on structural equation modeling fit indices. Structural Equation Modeling, 2, 119-144.
8. Gill, D. L., Dzewaltowski, D. A., & Deeter, T. E. (1988). The relationship of competitiveness and achievement orientation to participation in sport and nonsport activities. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 10, 139-150.
9. Guadagnoli, E., & Velicer, W. F. (1988). Relation of sample size to the stability of component patterns. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 265-275.
10. Jackson, S. A. (1992). Athletes in flow: A qualitative investigation of flow states in elite figure skaters. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 4, 161-180.
11. Jackson, S. A. (1995). Factors influencing the occurrence of flow state in elite athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 7, 136-166.
12. Jackson, S. A. (1996). Toward a conceptual understanding of the flow experience in elite athletes. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 67, 76-90.
13. Jackson, S. A., Kimiecik, J. C., Ford, S., & Marsh, H. W. (1998). Psychological correlates of flow in sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Physiology, 20, 358-378.
14. Jackson, S. A., & Marsh, H. W. (1996). Development and validation of a scale to measure optimal experience: The Flow State Scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18, 17-35.
15. Jackson, S. A., & Roberts, G. C. (1992). Positive performance states of athletes: Toward a conceptual understanding of peak performance. The Sport Psychologist, 6, 156-171.
16. Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1989). LISREL 7: A guide to program applications (2nd ed.). Chicago: SPSS.
17. Kimiecik, J. C., & Stein, G. L. (1992). Examining flow experiences in sport contexts: Conceptual issues and methodological concerns. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 4, 144-160.
18. MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1, 130-149.
19. Marsh, H. W. (1989). Confirmatory factor analyses of multitrait-multimethod data: Many problems and a few solutions. Applied Psychological Measurement, 13, 335-361.
20. Marsh, H. W. (1990). A multidimensional, hierarchical self-concept: Theoretical and empirical justification. Educational Psychology Review, 2, 77-171.
21. Marsh, H. W. (1993a). Multitrait-multimethod analyses: Inferring each trait/method combination with multiple indicators. Applied Measurement in Education, 6, 49-81.
22. Marsh, H. W. (1993b). Stability of individual differences in multiwave panel studies: Comparison of simplex models and one-factor models. Journal of Educational Measurement, 30, 157-183.
23. Marsh, H. W. (1995). The analysis of multitrait multimethod data. In T. H. Husen & T. N. Postlethwaite (Eds.), International encyclopedia of education (2nd ed.). Oxford, England: Pergamon.
24. Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & Hau, K. T. (1996). An evaluation of incremental fit indices: A clarification of mathematical and empirical processes. In G. A. Marcoulides & R. E. Schumacker (Eds.), Advanced structural equation modeling: Issues and techniques (pp. 315-353). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
25. Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & McDonald, R. P. (1988). Goodness-of-fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size. Psychological Bulletin, 102, 391-410.
26. Marsh, H. W., & Grayson, D. (1995). Latent-variable models of multitrait-multimethod data. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Issues and applications (pp. 177-198). Newbury, CA: Sage.
27. Marsh, H. W., & Hau, K.-T. (1996). Assessing goodness of fit: Is parsimony always desirable? The Journal of Experimental Education, 64, 364-380.
28. Marsh, H. W., Hau, K.-T., & Balla, J. (1996, March). Is more ever too much: The number of indicators per factor in confirmatory factor analysis. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago.
29. Marsh, H. W., Hau, K.-T., Balla, J. R., & Grayson, D. (1998). Is more ever too much? The number of indicators per factor in confirmatory factor analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 33, 181-220.
30. Schutz, R. W., & Gessaroli, M. E. (1993). Use, misuse, and disuse of psychometrics in sport psychology research. In R. N. Signer, M. Murphey, & L. K. Tennant (Eds.), Handbook of research on sport psychology (pp. 901-917). New York: Macmillan.
31. Shavelson, R. J., Hubner, J. J., & Stanton, G. C. (1976). Self-concept: Validation of construct interpretations. Review of Educational Research, 46, 407-441.
32. Spielberger, C. D. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Form Y). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychological Press.
33. Steiger, J. H., & Lind, J. M. (1980, June). Statistically based test for the number of common factors. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, Iowa City, IA.
34. Steyer, R., Ferring, D., & Schmitt, M. J. (1992). States and traits in psychological assessment. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 8, 79-98.
35. Vealey, R. S. (1986). Conceptualization of sport-confidence and competitive orientation: Preliminary investigation and instrument development. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8, 221-246.
36. Velicer, W. F., & Fava, L. L. (1987). An evaluation of the effects of variable sampling on component, image, and factor analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 22, 193-209.
37. Velicer, W. F., & Fava, L. L. (1989, November). The effects of variable and subject sampling on factor pattern recovery. An evaluation of the effects of variable sampling on component, image, and factor analysis. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Multivariate Experimental Psychology, Oahu, HI.