9. Parasitology of marine birds

Bulletin de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege

Volumn 66, Issue 1-3, 1997, Pages 91-108

  Borgsteede, F H M ^a  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Marine birds; Oil pollution; Profilicollis botulus

Indexed keywords

EID: 0009912262     PISSN: 00379565     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (171)

1. Ahern WB, Schmidt GD, 1987. Parasitic Helminths of the American Avocet Recurvirostra americana: Four New Species of the Families Hymenolepididae and Acoleidae (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidae). Parasitol; 73:381-98.
2. Alvarez-Mascato F, Santamaria-Fernandez MT, Sanmartin-Duran ML, 1988. Occurrence in Spain of Seuratia shipley (Stossich, 1900) (Nematoda: Acuariidae) Parasitizing the Great Skua Stercorarius skua (Catharacta skua). Rev Iber Parasitol; 48:295-6.
3. Anderson RC, Forrester DJ, 1974.Splendidofilaria fallisensis (Nematoda) in the Common Loon (Gavia immer). Can J Zool; 52:547-8.
4. Anderson RC, Wong PL, 1981. Redescription of Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Creplin, 1825) (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) from Larus delawarensis Ord (Laridae). Can J Zool; 59:1897-902.
5. Anderson RC, Wong PL, 1982. The Transmission and Development of Paracuaria adunca (Creplin, 1846) (Nematoda: Acuaroidea) of Gulls (Laridae). Can J Zool; 60:3092-104.
6. Bakke TA, 1970. Tetrameriasis in Norway. Nord VetMed; 22:8-12.
7. Bakke TA, 1972a. Studies of the Helminth Fauna of Norway XXII: The Common Gull, Larus canus L., as Final Host for Digenea (Platyhelminthes). I. The Ecology of the Common Gull and the Infection in Relation to Season and the Gulls' Habitat, Together with the Distribution of the Parasites in the Intestine. Norw J Zool; 20:165-88.
8. Bakke TA, 1972b. Studies of the Helminth Fauna of Norway XXIII: The Common Gull, Larus canus L., as Final Host for Digenea (Platyhelminthes).II. The Relationship between Infection, Sex, Age and Weight of the Common Gull. Norw J Zool; 20:189-204.
9. Bakke TA, 1972c. Checklist of Helminth Parasites of the Common Gull (Larus canus L.). Rhizocrinus; 1:1-20.
10. Bakke TA, 1972d. Reighardia sternae (Diesing, 1864) Ward, 1899 (Pentastomida; Cephalobaenidae) from the Common Gull (Larus canus L.) in a Norwegian Locality. Norw J Zool, 20:273-7.
11. Bakke TA, 1973a. Studies of the Helminth Fauna of Norway XXV: The Common Gull, Larus canus L., as Final Host for Acanthocephala in a Norwegian Locality. Norw J Zool, 21:1-5.
12. Bakke TA, 1973b. Studies of the Helminth Fauna of Norway XXVII. Syngamiasis in Norway. Norw J Zool, 21:299-303.
13. Bakke TA, 1975. Studies of the Helminth Fauna of Norway XXIX: The Common Gull, Larus canus L., as Final Host for Syngamus (Cyathostoma) lari (Blanchard, 1849) (Nematoda:Strongyloidea). Norw J Zool; 23:37-44.
14. Bakke TA, 1985. Studies of the Helminth Fauna of Norway XL: The Common Gull, Larus canus L., as Final Host for Cestoda (Platyhelminthes). Fauna Norveg A; 6:42-54.
15. Bakke TA, Barus V, 1975. Studies of the Helminth Fauna of Norway. XXXVI The Common Gull, Larus canus L., as Final Host for Nematoda. 1. Qualitative and Quantitative Data on Species of Ascaridoidea (Railliet & Henry, 1915). Norw J Zool; 23:183-91.
16. Bakke TA, Barus V, 1976. Studies of the Helminth Fauna of Norway. XXXVII. The Common Gull, Larus canus L., as Final Host for Nematoda. II. Qualitative and Quantitative Data on Species of Acuariidae, Capillariidae, Strongyloididae, Syngamidae, and Tetrameridae; With Notes on Host-Parasite Relationship. Norw J Zool; 24:7-31.
17. Bakke TA, Barus V, 1976. Studies of the Helminth Fauna of Norway. XXXIX. Nematodes from Hydrobates pelagicus L. and Rissa tridactyla L. (Aves) in Norway. Norw J Zool; 24:185-9.
18. Bartoli P, Prevot G, 1986. Target Host Infestation Strategies in Marine Trematodes Parasites of Larus cachinnans michaellis in Provence. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp; 61:533-52.
19. Belopolskaya MM, 1973. Cestodes of the Family Progynotaeniidae Burt, 1939 from Charadriiformes of the USSR. Parazitol; 7:44-50.
20. Belopolskaya MM, 1944 . Cestodes of Charadriiformes from the Genera Anomotaenia Cohn, 1990 and Dichoanotaenia Lopes Neyra, (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea). Vest Leningr Univ 1977;21: Biol;4:31-44.
21. Belopolskaya MM, 1944 . Cestodes of Charadriiformes from the Genera Anomotaenia Cohn, 1990 and Dichoanotaenia Lopes Neyra, (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea). Vest Leningr Univ 1977;21: Biol;4:31-44.
22. Belopolskaya MM, 1983. Acanthocephalans of Charadriiformes in the European USSR. Vest Leningr Univ Biol; 3; Biol 1:17-27.
23. Belopolskaya MM, 1983. Acanthocephalans of Charadriiformes in the European USSR. Vest Leningr Univ Biol; 3; Biol 1:17-27.
24. Belopolskaya MM, 1985. The Effect of the Geographic Factor on the Formation of the Plathyhelminth Fauna in Two Species of Charadrius. Trud Gelmintol Lab Issl Morf Taks Biol Gelm; 33:11-2.
25. Bennet GF, 1979. Avian Haemoproteidae. 10. The Haemoproteids of the Avian Family Scolopacidae. Can J Zool; 57:901-7.
26. Bennet GF, Turner B, Whiteway M, 1984. Avian Haemoproteidae. 18. Haemoproteus greineri, a New Species of Haemoproteid from the Waterfowl Family Anatidae. Can J Zool; 62:2290-2.
27. Bishop CA, Threlfall W, 1974. Helminth Parasites of the Common Eider Duck Somateria mollissima (L.), in Newfoundland and Labrador. Proc Helm Soc Wash; 41:25-35.
28. Bockeler W, Vauk-Hentzelt E, 1979. The Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus) a New Host of Reighardia sternae (Pentastomida). Zool Anzeig; 203:95-98.
29. Bondarenko SK, Kondrateva LF, Khober EP, Hoberg EJ, 1951 . The Gull Parasite Hymenolepis (s.l.) haldemani Schiller, and Its Life-cycle. Acta Parasitol Lituan 1987;22:82-91.
30. Borgsteede FHM, Jansen J, 1980. Spirurata in Wild Birds in the Netherlands. Trop Geogr Med; 32:91-2.
31. Borgsteede FHM, Broek E van den, Swennen C, 1988. Helminth Parasites of the Digestive Tract of the Oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus, in the Wadden Sea, the Netherlands. Neth J Sea Res; 22:171-4.
32. Bourgeois CE, Threlfall W, 1979. Parasites of the Greater Shearwater (Puffinus gravis) from Newfoundland. Can J Zool; 57:1355-7.
33. Bourgeois CE, Threlfall W, 1982. Metazoan Parasites of Three Species of Scoter (Anatidae). Can J Zool; 60:2253-7.
34. Buck OD, Cooper CL, Crites JL, 1976. Helminth Parasites of the Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, from the Bass Island Region of Western Lake Erie. Proc Helminthol Soc Wash; 43:233-4.
35. Butenko OM, 1971. The Systematic Status of Mites of the Family Rhinonyssidae (Gamasoidea), Parasites of Anseriform Birds. Zool Zhurnal; 50:483-94.
36. Castro D del C, Cicchino AC, 1985. Report on a Collection of Mallophaga (Insecta) from Lake Pellegrini, Rio Negro Province, Argentina. Rev Soc Entomol Argent; 44:371-76.
37. Chastel C, Main AJ, Guiguen C, Lay G le, Quillien MC, Monnat JY, Beaucournu JC, Le Lay G, 1985. The Isolation of Meaban Virus, a New Flavivirus from the Seabird Tick Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) maritimus in France. Arch Virol; 83:129-40.
38. Chastel C, Monnat JY, Lay G le, Balouet G, 1987. Infestation and Hyperinfestation of Kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla L., by Ticks (Ixodes (Ceratixodes) uriae, Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) maritimus). Pathological consequences. Ann parasitol Hum comp; 62:492-504.
39. Chastel C, Guigen C, Chastel O, Beaucournu JC, 1991. The Pathogenicity, Vectorial Role and New Hosts of Ixodes pari (= I. frontalis) (Acari;Ixoidoidea; Ixodidae). Ann Parasitol Hum Comp; 66:27-32.
40. Ching HL, 1974. Two New Species of Maritrema (Trematoda: Microphallidae) from the Pacific Coast of North America. Can J Zool; 52:865-9.
41. Ching HL, 1989. Profilicollis botulus (Van Cleave, 1916) from Diving Ducks and Shore Crabs of British Columbia. J Parasitol; 75:33-7.
42. Ching HL, 1989. Two New Kidney Flukes (Digenea: Renicolidae) from Marine Birds of Heron Island, Australia. Aust J Zool; 37:59-66.
43. Ching HL, 1990. Some Helminth Parasites of Dunlin (Calidris alpina) and Western Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inomatus) from California. J Helminthol Soc Wash; 57:44-50.
44. Choe JC, Kim KC, 1989. Microhabitat Selection and Coexistence in Feather Mites (Acari:Analgoidea) on Alaskan Seabirds. Oecol; 79:10-4.
45. Cohen S, Greenwood MT, Fowler JA, 1991. The Louse Trinoton anserinum (Amblycera:Phthiraptera), an Intermediate Host of Sarconema eurycerca (Filarioidea; Nematoda), a Heartworm of Swans. Med Veterin Entomol; 5: 101-10.
46. Converse JD, Hoogstraal H, Moussa MI, Evans DE, 1976. Soldado Virus from Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) maritimus (Ixodoidea: Argasidae) Infesting Herring Gull Nests on Puffin Island, Northern Wales. Acta Virol; 20:243-6.
47. Cunningham AA, Simmonds M, 1992. Unusual Mortality of Juvenile Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). Vet Rec; 130:448-9.
48. Desser SS, Stuht J, Fallis AM, 1974. Leucocytozoonosis in Canada Geese in Upper Michigan. I.Strain Differences among Geese from Different Localities. J Wildlife Dis; 14:124-131.
49. Dubois G, Angel LM, 1972. Strigeata (Trematoda) of Australian Birds and Mammals from the Helmintological Collection of the University of Adelaide. Trans Roy Soc South Aust; 96:197-215.
50. Edwards DD, Bush AO, 1989. Helminth Communities in Avocets: Importance of the Compound Community. J Parasitol; 75:225-238.
51. Ellis C. Williams IC, 1973. The Longivety of Some Species of Helminth Parasites in Naturally Acquired Infections of the Lesser Black-backed Gull, Larus fuscus L., in Britain. J Helminthol; 47:329-338.
52. Eveleigh ES, Threlfall W, 1975. Bionomics of Ixodes (Ceratixodes) uriae White, 1852 on Auks (Alcidae) from Newfoundland. Can J Zool; 53:82-6.
53. Fowler JA, Price RA, 1987. A Comparative Study of the Ischnoceran Mallophaga of Wilson's Petrel Oceanites oceanicus and British Storm Petrel Hydrobates pelagicus. Seabird; 10:43-49.
54. Franson JC, Derksen DV, 1981. Renal Coccidiosis in Oldsquaws (Clangula hyemalis) from Alaska. J Wildlife Dis; 17:237-9.
55. Fraser PG, 1974. The Helminth Parasites of Aquatic Birds from Loch Leven, Kinross: The Trematodes of Laridae. Proc Royal Soc Edinb B; 74:391-406.
56. Gajadhar AA, Cawthorn RJ, Wobeser GA, Stockdale PHG, 1983. Prevalence of Renal Coccidia in Wild Waterfowl in Saskatchewan. Can J Zool; 61:2631-3.
57. Gajadhar AA, Leighton FA, 1988. Eimeria woberesi sp.n. and Eimeria goelandi sp.n. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) in the Kidneys of Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus). J Wildlife Dis; 24:538-46.
58. Goater CP, Bush AO, 1988. Intestinal Helminth Communities in Long-Billed Curlews: The Importance of Congeneric Host-specialists. Holarctic Ecol; 11: 140-5.
59. Greiner EC, Forrester DJ, Carpenter JW, Yparraguirre DR, 1981. Coccidia of Aleutian Canada Geese. J Wildlife Dis; 17:365-70.
60. Griffiths GL, Hopkins D, Wroth RH, Gaynor W, 1985. Echinuria uncinata in Mute Swan Cygnets (Cygnus olor). Aust Vet j; 62:132.
61. Grytner-Ziecina B, Sulgowstowska T, 1978. Trematodes of Oidemia fusca (L.), Oidemia nigra (L.) and Somateria mollissima (L.) from the Baltic Coast. Acta Parasitol Pol; 25:121-8.
62. Guiguen C, Monnat JY, Launay H, Beaucournu JC, 1983. Ectoparasites of Birds in Brittany. II - Siphonaptera. Rev Franc Entomol; 5:144-6.
63. Guiguen C, Monnat JY, Thibault JC, 1986. Contributions to the Knowledge of Ticks (Ixodoidea) of Seabirds a in Continental France and Corsica. Bull soc franc Parasitol; 4:267-72.
64. Guiguen C, Monnat JY, Launay H, Beaucournu JC, 1987. Ectoparasites from Birds in Brittany. III - Ixodoidea. Cahiers Orstom Entomol Med Parasitol; 25 (special ed):73-81.
65. Guiguen C, Teixeira AM, Monnal JY, 1989. Xenopsylla gratiosa (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae) and Ornithodoros maritimus (Acarina, Ixodoidea, Argasidae), Haematophagous Ectoparasites of Seabirds, New to Portugal. Rev Iber Parasitol; 49:177-82.
66. Guildal JA, 1964. Some Qualitative and Quantitative Investigations on the Endoparasitic Fauna of the Scandinavian-Baltic Population of the Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus L.). Contributions to the Parasitic Fauna of Denmark, no. 2. Kong Vet Landb Hojsk Copenh Arsskr; 227-49.
67. Guildal JA, 1968. Investigations on the Endoparasitic Fauna of the Scandinavian-Baltic Population of the Herring Gull Larus argentatus Pontoppidan 1763). A Qualitative and Quantitative Study. Contributions to the Parasitic Fauna of Denmark. No. 3. Kong Vet Landb Hojsk Copenh :59-78.
68. Haas GE, Wilson N, Rumfelt T, 1985. Bird Fleas, Genus Ceratophyllus, from Alaska (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae). Pan Pacif Entomol; 61:180-3.
69. Harris MP, 1964. The Incidence of Some Species of Trematoda in Three Species of Larus Gulls in Wales. The Ibis; 104:532-6.
70. Hoberg EP, 1984a. Alcataenia fraterculae sp.n. from the Horned Puffin, Fratercula corniculata (Naumann), Alcataenia cerorhincae sp.n. from the Rhinoceros Auklet, Cerorhinca monocerala (Pallas), and Alcataenia larina pacifica ssp.n. (Cestoda: Dilepididae) in the North Pacific Basin. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp; 59:335-51.
71. Hoberg EP, 1984b. Alcataenia longicervica sp.n. from Murres, Uria lomvia (Linnae-us) and Uria aalge (Pontoppidan) in the North Pacific Basin, with Redescriptions of Alcataenia armillaris (Rudolphi, 1810) and Alcataenia meinertzhageni (Baer, 1956) (Cestoda: Dilepididae). Can J Zool; 62:2044-52.
72. Hoberg EP, 1986. Aspects of Ecology and Biogeography of Acanthocephala in Antarctic Seabirds. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp; 61:199-214
73. Hoberg EP, 1991. Alcataenia atlantiensis n.sp. (Dilepididae) from the Razorbill (Alca torda Linnaeus) in the Eastern North Atlantic Basin. Syst Parasitol; 20:83-8.
74. Hoberg EP, Ryan PG, 1989. Ecology of Helminth Parasitism in Puffinus gravis (Procellariiformis) on the Breeding Grounds at Gough Island. Can J Zool; 67:220-5.
75. Huffman JE, Roscoe DE, 1989. Experimental Infections of Waterfowl with Sphaeridiotrema globulus (Digenea). J Wildlife Dis :25:143-6.
76. Irwin SWB, Prentice HJ, 1976. The Parasitic fauna in the Digestive Tracts of Three Herring-gulls, Larus argentatus, Taken from Strangford Lough. Irish Natural J; 18:281-2.
77. Itamies J, Valtonen ET, Fagerholm HP, 1980. Polymorphus minutus (Acanthocephala) Infestation in Eiders and Its Role as a Possible Cause of Death. Ann Zool fenn; 17:285-9.
78. Jansen J, 1979. On the Species Composition of the genus Seuratia Skrjabin, 1916 (Nematoda; Streptocaridae). Rev Iber Parasitol; 39:123-7.
79. Jennings AR, Soulsby EJL, 1958. Disease in a Colony of Black-headed Gulls Larus ridibundus. The Ibis; 100:305-12.
80. Kapperud G, 1978. Survey for Toxoplasmosis in Wild and Domestic Animals from Norway and Sweden. J Wildlife Dis; 14:157-62.
81. Keirans JE, Yunker CE, Clifford CM, Thomas LA, Walton GA, Kelly TC, 1976. Isolation of a Soldado-like Virus (Hughes group) from Ornithodorus maritimus Ticks in Ireland. Experientia; 32:453-4.
82. Kennedy CR, Bakke Ta, 1989. Diversity Patterns in Helminth Communities in Common Gulls, Larus canus. Parasitol; 98:439-45.
83. Kulachkova VG, 1979. Helminths as Cause of Death of Somateria mollissima in the Upper Part of the Kandalaksha Bay (Kareliya, USSR). Ekol Morfol gag SSSR :119-25.
84. Lei Ching H, 1989. Profilicollis botulus (van Cleave, 1916) from Diving Ducks and Shore Crabs of British Columbia. J Parasitol; 75:33-7.
85. Leighton FA, Gajadhar AA, 1986. Eimeria fraterculae sp.n. in the Kidneys of the Atlantic Puffins (Fratercula arctica) from Newfoundland, Canada: Species Description and Lesions. J Wildlife Dis; 22:520-26.
86. Liat LB, Pike AW, 1980. The Incidence and Distribution of Profilicollis botulus (Acanthocephala) in the Eider Duck, Somateria mollissima, and in Its Intermediate Host the Shore Crab, Carcinus maenas, in Northeast Scotland. J Zool London; 190:39-51.
87. Loos-Frank B, 1967. Experimentelle Untersuchungen über Bau, Entwicklung und Systematik der Himasthlinae (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae) des Nordseeraumes. Zeitschr Parasitenkd; 28:299-351.
88. Loos-Frank B, 1971. Trematode Fauna of Larus argentatus in the Southern North Sea. Vogelwarte; 26:202-212.
89. MacDonald JW, Clunas AJ, Eatough CJ, Isherwood P, Ruthven AD, 1987. Causes of Death in Scottish Swans (Cygnus spp.). State Vet J; 41:165-175.
90. MacDonald JW, Lea D, Hamilton GA, 1978. Parasitic Worms Causing Deaths of Mute Swans. British Birds; 71:358-9.
91. Macko JK, 1962. Neue Art eines Bandwurms Wardium filamentoovatum sp.n. (Hymenolepididae) aus dem win Larus minutus Pal. Biol Bratislava; 17:355-64.
92. Macko JK, Birova V, 1983. New Data on Less-known Cestodes (Hymenolepididae) of Ducks of the Genus Aythya. Helminthologia; 20:241-50.
93. Main AJ, 1978. Tindholmur and Mykines: Two New Kemerovo Group Orbiviruses from the Faeroe Islands. J Med Entomol; 15:11-4.
94. Main AJ, Downs WG, Shope RE, Wallis RC, 1973. Great Island and Bauline: Two New Kemerovo Group Orbiviruses from Ixodes uriae in Eastern Canada. J Med Entomol; 10:229-35.
95. Main AJ, Shope RE, Wallis RC, 1976a. Cape Wrath: A New Kemerovo Group Orbivirus from Ixodes uriae (Acari: Ixodidae) in Scotland. J Med Entomol; 13:304-308.
96. Main AJ, Shope RE, Wallis RC; 1976b. Avalon and Clo Mor: Two New Sakhalin Group Viruses from the North Atlantic. J Med Entomol; 13:309-15.
97. Manilla G, 1986. New Records of Some Species of Mallophaga in Italy. Riv di Parassitol; 3:175-183.
98. Mariaux J; 1989. Cestodes of Birds in the Ivory Coast.III. Parasites of Charadriiformes. Rev Suisse Zool; 96:541-59.
99. McLaughlin JD, Burl MDB, 1979a. Studies on the Hymenolepid Cestodes of Waterfowl from New Brunswick, Canada. Can J Zool; 57:34-79.
100. McLaughlin JD, Burl MDB. A Survey of the Intestinal Helminths of Waterfowl from New Brunswick, Canada. Can J Zool 1979b;57:810-7.
101. McLaughlin JD, McGurk BP, 1987. An Analysis of Gizzard Worm Infections in Fall Migrant Ducks at Delta, Manitoba, Canada. Can J Zool; 65:1470-7.
102. Mehl R, Traavik T, 1983. The Tick Ixodes uriae (Acari, Ixodides) in Seabird Colonies in Norway. Fauna Norv B; 30:94-107.
103. Miller RE, Trampel DW, Desser SL, Boever WJ, 1983. Leucocytozoon simondi Infection in European and American Eiders. J Am Vet Med Ass; 183:1241-4.
104. Mironov SV, 1989. A Brief Review of Feather Mites of the Genus Zachvatkinia in the USSR (Analgoidea, Avenzoariidae). Parazitol Sborn Leningr; 36 :91-115.
105. Mironov SV, 1990. A Review of Species of Feather Mites in the Genus Scutomegninia (Analgoidea, Avenzoariidae) from Cormorants. Parazitol; 24:43-55.
106. Mobley RW, Miller GC, 1982. Helminths of Some Seabirds from North Carolina. Brimleyana; 7:61-8.
107. Montgomery RD, Novilla MN, Shillinger RB, 1978. Renal Coccidiosis Caused by Eimeria gaviae n.sp., in a Common Loon (Gavia immer). Avian Dis; 22:809-14.
108. Moss SR, Nuttall PA, 1985. Isolation of Orbiviruses and Uukuviruses from Puffin Ticks. Acta Virol; 29:158-61.
109. Nosek J, Balat F, 1986. Ixodes (Ceratixodes) uriae White, 1852 in the Faroe Islands. Biol Czechosl B Zool; 41:181-4.
110. Nuttall PA, Alhaq A, Moss SR, Carey D, Harrap KA, 1982. Orbi- and Bunyaviruses from a Puffin Colony in the Outer Hebrides. Arch Virol; 74:259-68.
111. Nuttall PA, Kelly TC, 1984. Isolation of a Virus from Ixodes (Multidentatus) rothschildi (Acari:Ixodidae), an Ectoparasite of Seabirds. J Med Entomol; 21:480-1.
112. Nuttall PA, Carey D, Moss SR, Green BM, Spence RP, 1986. Hughes group Viruses (Bunyaviridae) from the Seabird Tick Ixodes (Ceratixodes) uriae (Acari:Ixodidae. J Med Entomol; 23:437-40.
113. Okulewicz A, 1981. Syngamus trachea in the grebe Gavia stellata. Wiad Parazytol; 27:665-7.
114. Okulewicz A, 1984a. Nematodes of Charadriiform Birds in Lower Silesia. Wiad Parazytol; 30:331-40.
115. Okulewicz A, 1984b. Cyathostoma variegatum (Creplin, 1849) Chapin, 1925 and Cyathostoma lari Blanchard, 1849 (Nematoda, Syngamidae). Wiad Parazytol; 30:53-6.
116. Okulewicz A, 1989. Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Gavia stellata and Gavia arctica (Gaviidae). Wiad Parazytol; 35:35-42.
117. Okulewicz J, 1984. Bird Trematodes of Lower Silesia.II. Intestinal Trematodes of Gavia stellata. Wiad Parazytol; 30:504-19.
118. Oprandy JJ, Schwan TG, Main AJ, 1988. Tick-borne Kemerevo group Orbiviruses in a Newfoundland Seabird Colony. Can J Microbiol; 34:782-6.
119. Palkovic L, Pecka Z, 1989. Natural Cryptosporidiosis in Domestic Geese, Anser anser L., in Czechoslovakia. Folia parasitol; 36:126.
120. Palma RL, Pilgrim RLC, 1987. A Revision of the Genus Perineus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). New Zeal J Zool; 14:563-86.
121. Peirce MA, 1981. Haematozoa of British Birds. VI. Redescription of Haemoproteus larae Yakunin from the Lesser Black-backed Gull Larusfuscus. J Nat Hist; 15:459-62.
122. Peirce MA, Mead CJ, 1978. Haematozoa of British Birds. IV. Blood Parasites of Birds from Wales. J Nat Hist; 12:361-3.
123. Pelgunov AN, 1987. Cestodes of Charadriiformes of the Genus Calidris in the Obskaya Guba. Communication i. Trud Gelminth Lab Morf Taks Ekol gelm Zhiv Rast; 35:95-107.
124. Perez C, Pasquet E, 1983. Contribution to the Knowledge of a Little-known Species of Tick: Scaphixodes rothschildi. First Discovery of Larvae in France. Acarol; 24:257-60.
125. Persson L, Borg K, Falt H, 1974. On the Occurrence of Endoparasites in Eider Ducks in Sweden. Viltrevy-Stockholm; 9:1-24.
126. Petermann S, Glunder G, Heffels-Redmann U, 1989. Post mortem Findings in Guillemots, Kittiwakes, Herring Gulls and Black-headed Gulls Found Ill or Dead in the Heligoland Bight between 1982 and 1985. Dt Tierärztl Wschr; 96:271-7.
127. Petrov AM, Fedyushin AV, 1949. Amidostomum boschadis n.sp. from Wild Ducks. Trud Moskov Zooparka; 4:278-81.
128. Petrova K, 1989. Species Composition and Morphology of Members of the Genus Epomidiostomum Skrjabin, 1915 (Nematoda: Amidostomatidae) in Bulgaria. Khelmintologiya; 27:20-32.
129. Plotz J, 1979. The Occurrence and Determination of Nematodes in Herring Gulls and Great Black-backed Gulls from Helgoland. Abband Gebiet Vogelk; 6: 139-52.
130. Ponnampalam JT, Seow-Chin-Loong, 1976. Trypanosoma Species in White Swans (Cygnus olor). Kajian Vet; 8:83-84.
131. Prevot G, Bartoli P, 1978. Life-cycle of Renicola lari J. Timon-David, 1933 (Trematoda: Renicolidae). Ann Parasitol Hum Comp; 53:561-575.
132. Prevot G, Bartoli P, 1980. Demonstrations of the Existence of a Marine Cycle in Strigeids: Cardiocephalus longicollis (Trematoda: Strigeidae). Ann Parasitol Hum Comp; 55:407-25.
133. Rayski C, 1958. On the Identity of Acanthocephalan Parasites of Eider Duck (Somateria mollissima) in Scotland. Proc XVth Int Congr Zool London; 676-9.
134. Riley J, Owen RW, 1975. Competition between Two Closely Related Tetrabothrius Cestodes of the Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis L.). Zeitschr. Parasitenkd; 46:221-8.
135. Rodriguez SH, Carretero RC, Martell CB, Tena MD de, Montanez TM, Gomez MF, Mata JB, 1975. Cyathostoma bronchialis (Muhlig, 1884) Chapin, 1925 (Nematoda: Syngamidae) in Anser anser, First Record in Spain. Rev Iber Parasitol; 35:367-371.
136. Rysavy B, Cerna Z, 1988. First Record of Eimeria christianseni Walden, 1961 in Swans in Czechoslovakia. Folia Parasitol; 35:280.
137. Saad MB, Eisa AM, Abdel-Rasoul KS, 1981. Amidostomiasis in the Royal Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) in the Sudan: A Case Report. Sudan J Vet Res; 3:121.
138. Saikku P, Main AJ, Ulmanen I. Brummer-Korvenkontio M, 1980. Viruses in Ixodes uriae (Acari: Ixodidae) from Seabird Colonies at Roest Islands, Lofoten, Norway. J Med Entomol; 17:360-6.
139. Sanford SE, 1978. Mortality in Mute Swans in Southern Ontario Associated with Infestation with the Thorny-headed Worm, Polymorphus boschadis. Can Vet J; 19:234-6.
140. Seegar WS, 1979. Prevalence of Parasitic Heartworms in Swans in England. Wildfowl; 30:147-50.
141. Sergeeva TP, 1971. Trematodes of Gulls in the Northern Areas of Central Siberia. Trud Gelmintol Lab Vopr Biol Fiziol Biokh Gelm Zhivot Rast; 21:88-92.
142. Simpson CF, Woodard JC, Forrester DJ, 1977. An Epizootic among Knots (Calidris canutus) in Florida. II. Ultrastructure of the Causative Agent, a Besnoitia-like Organism. Vet Pathol; 14:351-60.
143. Skene RC, Fernando MA, 1990. Eimeria hermani Farr, 1953 of the Canada Goose Branta canadensis: Endogenous Development, Including Intranuclear Schizogony, in the Domestic Goose (Anser anser domesticus). Can J Zool; 68:2424-8.
144. Skene RC, Remmler O, Fernando MA, 1981. Coccidia of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) at Kortright Waterfowl Park, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, with Description of Isospora anseris n. sp. Can J Zool; 59:493-7.
145. Soulsby EJL, Harrison JG, 1958. Intestinal Obstruction in a Herring Gull Caused by Parasites. Bull brit Ornith Club; 78:28-29.
146. Steele GM, Davies CR, Jones LD, Nuttal PA, Rideout K, 1990. Life History of the Seabird Tick, Ixodes (Ceratixodes) uriae, at St. Abb's head, Scotland. Acarol; 31:125-30.
147. Stock TM, Holmes JC, 1987. Host Specificity and Exchange of Intestinal Helminths among Four Species of Grebes (Podicipedidae). Can J Zool; 65:669-76.
148. Sulgostowska T, 1972. Trematodes of the Mute Swan Cygnus olor (Gm.) from Central and Northern Regions of Poland. Acta Parasitol Pol; 20:473-481.
149. Sulgostowska T, Grytner-Ziecina B, 1974. Trematodes of Clangula hyemalis (1.) from the Baltic Coast. Acta Parasitol Pol; 22:401-13.
150. Swennen C, van den Broek E, 1960. Polymorphus botulus als parasiet bij de eidereenden in de Waddenzee. Ardea; 48:90-7.
151. Swennen C, Heessen HJL, Hocker AWM, 1979. Occurrence and Biology of the Trematodes Cotylurus (Ichtyocotylurus) erraticus. C. (I.) variegatus and C. (I.) platucephalus (Digenea: Strigeidae) in the Netherlands. Neth. J. Sea Res; 13:161-91.
152. Thompson AB, 1985. Profilicollis botulus (Acanthocephala) Abundance in the Eider Duck (Somateria mollissima) on the Ythan Estuary, Aberdeenshire. Parasitology; 91:563-75.
153. Thompson AB, 1985. Transmission Dynamics of Profilicollis botulus (Acanthocephala) fron Crabs (Carcinus maenas) to Eider Ducks (Somateria mollissima) on the Ythan Estuary, N.E. Scotland. J Anim Ecol; 54:605-16.
154. Threllfall W, 1965. Helminth Parasites and Possible Causes of Death of Some Birds. Ibis; 107:545-8.
155. Tuggle BN, Crites JL, 1984. Renal Coccidiosis in Interior Canada Geese, Branta canadensis interior Todd, of the Mississippi Valley Population. J Wildlife Dis; 20:272-8.
156. Valkjunas GA, Sruoga AA, Paulauskas AP, Valkjunas GA, 1990. Geographical Distribution of Leucacytozoon simondi (Haemosporidia, Leucocytozoidae). Parazytol; 24:400-7.
157. Vande Vusse FJ, Vusse FJV, 1980. A Review of the Genus Dendritobilharzia Skrjabin and Zakharow 1920 (Trematoda; Schistosomatidae). J Parasitol; 66:814-22.
158. Van Strydonck D, 1965. Trematodes of the Digestive System of Wild Birds in Belgium. Ann Soc Belge Méd trop; 45:679-84.
159. Walter G, 1989. Norwegian Ked finds (Diptera:Hippoboscidae) and the First Evidence of the Hyperparasite Myialges macdonaldii Evans. Fain and Bafort, 1963 (Acari: Epidermoptidae) in Norway. Zeitschr Angew Zool; 76:243-6.
160. Wilson RB, New JC, Scholtens RG, 1982. Granulomatous Encephalitis Caused by Schistosomiasis in Swans. J Am Vet Med Ass; 181:1386-7.
161. Wobeser G, Leighton FA, Cawthorn RJ, 1981. Occurrence of Sarcocystis Lankester, 1882, in Wild Geese in Saskatchewan. Can J Zool; 59:1621-4.
162. Wojinski ZW, Barker IK, Hunter DB, Lumsden H, 1987. An Outbreak of Schistosomiasis in Atlantic Brant Geese, Branta bemicla hrota. J Wildlife Dis; 23:248-255.
163. Wong PL, 1985. Revision of the Genus Stellocaronema Gilbert, 1930 (Nematoda: Habronematoidea). Can J Zool; 63:2430-6.
164. Wong PL, Anderson RC, 1982. The Transmission and Development of Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) of Gulls (Laridae). Can J Zool; 60:1426-440.
165. Wong PL, Anderson RC, 1987. New and Described Species of Skrjabinoclava Sobolev, 1943 (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) of the Proventriculus of Nearctic Waders (Aves: Charadriiformes) with a Review of the Genus and a Key to the Species. Can J Zool; 65:2760-79.
166. Wong PL, Anderson RC, 1990. Host and Geographic Distribution of Skrjabinoclava spp. (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) in Nearctic Shorebirds (Aves: Charadriiformes), and Evidence for Transmission in Marine Habitats in Staging and Wintering Areas. Can J Zool; 68:2539-52.
167. Wu WZ, 1988. A New Record of Ceratophyllus from China. Acta Entomol Sin; 31: 112.
168. Yatchenko NI, 1979. Helminths of Wild Anatid Birds in the South of West Siberia. Trud Biol Inst Sibir Otdel Akad Nauk Ekol Morf Gelm Zap Sibir; 38: 157-89.
169. Zdzitowiecki K, Drozdz J, 1980. Redescription of Stegophorus macronectes (Johns-ton et Mawson, 1942) and a Description of Stegophorus arctowskii sp.n. (Nematoda, Spirurida) from Birds of South Shetlands (the Antarctic). Acta Parasitol Pol; 27:205-12.
170. Zdzitowiecki K, 1985. Acanthocephalans of Birds from South Shetlands (Antarctic). Acta Parasitol Pol; 30:11-24.
171. Zhang X, 1990. Diagnosis and Treatment of Contracaecum micropapillatum, Infestation in Cormorants. Chin J Vet med; 16:32.