Adaptive strategies of trading companies

International Business Review

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 235-259

  Ellis, Paul ^a  

^a HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Adaptive strategy; Trading company

Indexed keywords

EID: 0009887848     PISSN: 09695931     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0969-5931(00)00051-2     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Amine L.S. Toward a conceptualization of export trading companies in world markets. Advances in International Marketing. 2(1):1987;199-238.
2. Amine L.S., Cavusgil S.T., Weinstein R.I. Japanese sogo shosha and the US export trading companies. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 14(3):1986;21-32.
3. Anderson C., Paine F. Managerial perceptions of strategic behavior. Academy of Management Journal. 18:1975;811-823.
4. Balabanis G.I., Baker M.J. Barriers to the development of a European general trading company. Journal of Euromarketing. 2(3):1993;45-72.
5. Balabanis G.I., Baker M.J. Determinants and direction of trading companies' development in Europe. European Journal of Management. 27(9):1993;58-76.
6. Barovick R., Anderson P. EMCs/ETCs: what they are, how they work. Business America. 1992;2-5.
7. Bello D.C., Williamson N.C. Contractual arrangement and marketing practices in the indirect export channel. Journal of International Business Studies. 16(2):1985;65-82.
8. Bello D.C., Williamson N.C. The American export trading company: designing a new international marketing institution. Journal of Marketing. 49:1985;60-69.
9. Brasch J.J. Export management companies. Journal of International Business Studies. 9(2):1978;59-71.
10. Buchan P.B. The East India Company 1749-1800: The evolution of a territorial strategy and the changing role of the directors. Business and Economic History. 23(1):1994;52-61.
11. Burns A.C., Bush R.F. Marketing research. 3rd ed. 2000;Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (NJ).
12. Cao A.D. US export trading companies - the time is now. Business. September-October:1981;32-38.
13. Capiello T. The changing role of Japan's general traders. Journal of Japanese Trade and Industry. 4:1982;18-30.
14. Carlos A.M. Principal-agent problems in early trading companies: a tale of two firms. Historical Perspectives on the Economics of Trade. 82(2):1992;140-145.
15. Carlos A.M., Nicholas S. 'Giants of an earlier capitalism': The chartered trading companies as modern multinationals. Business History Review. 62:1988;398-419.
16. Casson M. The economic analysis of multinational trading companies. Jones G. The multinational traders. 1998;22-47 Routledge, London.
17. Castaldi R.M., De Noble A.F., Kantor J. The intermediary service requirements of Canadian and American exporters. International Marketing Review. 9(2):1992;21-40.
18. Chan H.N., Ellis P. Market orientation and business performance: some evidence from Hong Kong. International Marketing Review. 15(2):1998;119-139.
19. Cho D.-S. The anatomy of the Korean General Trading Company. Journal of Business Research. 12:1984;241-255.
20. Cho D.-S. The general trading company. 1987;D.C. Heath, Lexington (MA).
21. Churchill G. Marketing research: methodological foundations. 6th ed. 1995;Dryden, Fort Worth (TX).
22. Czinkota M.R., Onto J.G. Export trading companies: a promise yet unfulfilled. Developments in Marketing Science. 13:1990;135-139.
23. de Geer H. Trading companies in twentieth-century Sweden. Jones G. The multinational traders. 1998;128-149 Routledge, London.
24. De Noble A.F., Castaldi R.M., Moliver D.M. Export intermediaries: small business perceptions of services and performance. Journal of Small Business Management. 27(2):1989;33-41.
25. Dess G.G., Robinson R.B. Measuring organizational performance in the absence of objective measures: the case of the privately-held firm and conglomerate business unit. Strategic Management Journal. 5:1984;265-273.
26. Dicle I.A., Dicle U. Effects of government export policies on Turkish export trading companies. International Marketing Review. 9(3):1992;62-76.
27. Ellis, P. Evolution of a multinational trading corporation: the Li and Fung story. Paper presented at the Europe International Business Academy Conference, 13-15 December 1998, Jerusalem, Israel.
28. Ellis P. Hong Kong's emerging tertius role in the global economy. Business Horizons. September-October:1998;37-43.
29. Ellis P. Hong Kong as a complex adaptive system. Asia Pacific Business Review. 6(1):1999;33-55. Special Issue.
30. Elvey L.A. Export trading companies - a review. Journal of International Marketing and Marketing Research. 13(1):1988;25-45.
31. Ganster D.C., Hennessy H.W., Luthans F. Social desirability response effects: three alternative models. Academy of Management Journal. 26:1993;321-331.
32. Guex S. The development of Swiss trading companies in the twentieth century. Jones G. The multinational traders. 1998;150-172 Routledge, London.
33. Hirono R. Sogo-shosha: its role in Japan's economic growth and international trade and investment. Management Japan. 16(2):1983;10-15.
34. Howard D.G. The role of export management companies in global marketing. Journal of Global Marketing. 8(1):1995;95-110.
35. Howard D.G., Maskulka J.M. Will American export trading companies replace traditional export management companies? International Marketing Review. 5(4):1988;41-50.
36. Hvala J., Perry A.C., Boddewyn J. General Electric Trading Company: the sogo shosha that wasn't. Journal of Global Marketing. 3(4):1990;7-31.
37. The role of trading companies in international commerce. 1976;Japan External Trade Organization.
38. Jones G. Diversification strategies and corporate governance in trading companies: Anglo-Japanese comparisons since the late nineteenth century. Business and Economic History. 25(2):1996;103-118.
39. Jones G. Multinational trading companies in history and theory. Jones G. The multinational traders. 1998;1-21 Routledge, London.
40. Jones S. The overseas trading company in Britain: the case of the Inchcape Group. Yonekawa S., Yoshihara H. Business history of general trading companies. 1987;131-167 University of Tokyo Press, Japan.
41. Kaikati J. The Export Trading Company Act: a viable international marketing tool. California Management Review. 27(1):1984;59-70.
42. Kawabe N. Development of overseas operations by general trading companies, 1868-1945. Yonekawa S., Yoshihara H. Business history of general trading companies. 1987;71-103 University of Tokyo Press, Japan.
43. Kelly E.R.R., Lecraw D. Trading houses to spur Canadian exports. Business Quarterly. 50(1):1985;36-43.
44. Kim W.C. Global diffusion of the general trading company concept. Sloan Management Review. 1986;35-43.
45. Kojima K., Ozawa T. Japan's general trading companies: merchants of economic development. 1984;OECD, Paris.
46. Mattsson J. Trading companies and small and medium-sized firms: functional roles in international commercial relations. European Journal of Marketing. 24(3):1990;42-56.
47. Members' Directory. 1997;Hong Exporters' Association, Tsimshatsui, Hong Kong.
48. Miller D. Relating Porter's business strategies to environment and structure. Academy of Management Journal. 31:1988;280-308.
49. Mormose T. The general trading companies of Japan. Tokyo Business Today. February:1989;50-55.
50. Oki Y. Sogo shosha's role as a subsystem of the world economy. Japan Commerce and Industry. 20(2):1979;31.
51. Perry A.C. The evolution of the US international trade intermediary in the 1980s: A dynamic model. Journal of International Business Studies. First Quarter:1990;133-153.
52. Perry A.C. The evolution of US trade intermediaries: the changing international environment. 1992;Quorum, Westport (CN).
53. Perry A.C. US international trade intermediaries: a field study investigation. International Marketing Review. 9(2):1992;7-20.
54. Pinto H. da Costa Trading companies: the Brazilian experience. Czinkota M. US-Latin American trade relations. 1983;244-252 Praeger Press, New York.
55. Rauch, J.E. (1996). Trade and search: social capital, sogo shosha, and spillovers. Working Paper 5618, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
56. Registry of Hong Kong traders. 1997;Dun and Bradstreet, North Point, Hong Kong.
57. Roehl T. A transactions cost approach to international trading structures: the case of the Japanese general trading companies. Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics. 24:1983;119-135.
58. Sarathy R. Japanese trading companies: can they be copied? Journal of International Business Studies. Summer:1985;101-119.
59. Shao A.T., Herbig P. The future of sogo shosha in a global economy. International Marketing Review. 10(5):1993;37-55.
60. Sheard P. The Japanese general trading company as an aspect of interfirm risk sharing. Sheard P. International adjustment and the Japanese firm. 1992;Allen and Unwin, Sydney.
61. Shin K.-S. Information, transaction costs, and the organization of distribution: the case of Japan's general trading companies. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies. 3:1989;292-307.
62. Shioda N. The sogo shosha at the turning point. Japan Quarterly. 15(April-June):1978;152-160.
63. Shortell S.M., Zajac E.J. Perceptual and archival measures of Miles and Snow's strategic types: a comprehensive assessment of reliability and validity. Academy of Management Journal. 33:1990;817-832.
64. Sluyterman K.E. Dutch multinational trading companies in the twentieth century. Jones G. The multinational traders. 1998;86-101 Routledge, London.
65. Stiner J.E. The future of the Export Trading Company Act. Business America. 12(October):1987;3-9.
66. Sugiyama S. A British trading firm in the Far East: John Swire and Sons, 1867-1914. Yonekawa S., Yoshihara H. Business history of general trading companies. 1987;171-202 University of Tokyo Press, Japan.
67. The Economist (1991). The giants that refuse to die. The Economist, 1 June 1991, p. 84.
68. Wichmann H. Private and public trading companies within Pacific Rim nations. Journal of Small Business Management. 35(1):1997;62-65.
69. Williams H.R., Baliga G.M. The US Export Trading Company Act of 1982. Journal of World Trade Law. 17:1983;224-235.
70. Wilson D. Hong Kong! Hong Kong! 1990;Unwin Hyman, London.
71. Woronoff J. Hong Kong: Capitalist paradise. 1980;Heinemann Asia, Hong Kong. pp. 33-34.
72. Wortzel L.H., Wortzel H.V. Using general trading companies to market manufactured exports from LDCs and NICs. Management International Review. 23(2):1983;72-77.
73. Yamamura K. General trading companies in Japan: their origins and growth. Patrick H. Japanese industrialization and its social consequences. 1976;University of California Press, Berkeley.
74. Yamazaki H. The logic of the formation of general trading companies in Japan. Yonekawa S., Yoshihara H. Business history of general trading companies. 1987;21-64 University of Tokyo Press, Japan.
75. Young A.K. Internationalization of the Japanese general trading companies. Columbia Journal of World Business. Spring:1974;74-86.