Analysis of characteristic human female axillary odors: Qualitative comparison to males

Journal of Chemical Ecology

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 237-257

  Zeng, Xiao Nong ^a   Leyden, James J ^b   Spielman, Andrew I ^c   Preti, George ^a,b  

^a MONELL CHEMICAL SENSES CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^c NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

3 methyl 2 hexenoic acid; Androstenol; Axillary odors; Human females

Indexed keywords

EID: 0009657163     PISSN: 00980331     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02055096     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. BUDZIKIEWICZ, H., DJERASSI, C., and WILLIAMS, D.H. 1967. Mass Spectometry of Organic Compounds, Holden-Day, Inc. San Francisco, pp. 155-162, 214-218.
2. CUTLER, W.B., PRETI, G., KRIEGER, A.M., HUGGINS, G.R., GARCIA, C.R., and LAWLEY, H.J. 1986. Human axillary secretions influence women's menstrual cycles: The role of donor extract from men. Horm. Behav. 20:463-473.
3. DOTY, R.L. 1981. Olfactory communication in humans. Chem. Senses 6:351-376.
4. GOWER, D.B., and RUPARELIA, B.A. 1993. Olfaction in humans with special reference to odorous 16-androstenes: Their occurrence, perception and possible social psychological and sexual impact. J. Endocrinol. 137:167-187.
5. GOWER, A.B., BIRD, S., SHARMA, P., and HOUSE, F.D. 1985. Axillary 5α-androsten-16-en-3-one in men and women: Relationships with olfactory acuity to odorous 16-androstenes. Experientia 41:1134-1136.
6. GOWER, D.B., HOLLAND, K.T., MALLET, A.I., RENNIE, P.J., and WATKINS, W.J. 1994. Comparison of 16-androstene steroid concentrations in sterile apocrine sweat and axillary secretions: interconversions of 16-androstenes by the axillary microflora - a mechanism for axillary odour production in man? J. Ster. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 48:409-418.
7. LABOWS, J.N. 1988. Odor detection, generation and etiology in the axillae, pp. 321-343, in C. Felgen and K. Laden, (eds.). Antiperspirants and Deodorants. Marcel-Dekker, New York.
8. LABOWS, J.N., MCGINLEY, K.J., LEYDEN, J.J., and WEBSTER, G.F. 1979a. Characteristic γ-lactone odor production of the genus pityrosporum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 38(3):412-415.
9. LABOWS, J.N., PRETI, G., HOELZLE, E., LEYDEN, J., and KLIGMAN, A. 1979b. Steroid analysis of human apocrine secretion. Steroids 34:249-258.
10. LABOWS J.N., PRETI, G., HOELZLE, E., LEYDEN, J.J., and KLIGMAN, A. 1979C. Analysis of human axillary volatiles: Compounds of exogenous origin. J. Chromatogr. 163:294-299.
11. 4. Nature 227:680-685.
12. LEYDEN, J.J., MCGINLEY, K.J., HOELZLE, K., LABOWS, J.N., and KLIGMAN, A.M. 1981. The microbiology of the human axillae and its relation to axillary odors. J. Invest. Dermatol. 77:413-416.
13. LEYDEN, J.J., NORDSTROM, K.M. and MCGINLEY, K.J. 1991. Cutaneous microbiology, pp. 1403-1424, in L.A. Goldsmith, (ed.). Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Skin. Oxford University Press, New York.
14. PRETI, G., CUTLER, W.B., GARCIA, G.R., HUGGINS, G.R., and LAWLEY, H.J. 1986. Human axillary secretions influence women's menstrual cycles: The role of donor extract of females. Horm. Behav. 20:474-482.
15. PRETI, G., CUTLER, W.B., CHRISTENSEN, C.M., LAWLEY, H.J., HUGGINS, G.R. and GARCIA, C.R. 1987. Human axillary extracts: Analysis of compounds from samples which influence menstrual timing. J. Chem. Ecol. 13:717-731.
16. RAMIREZ, A. 1990. The success of sweet smell. The New York Times. August 12, 1990.
17. RUSSELL, M.J. 1976. Human olfactory communication. Nature 260:520-522.
18. RUSSELL, M.J., SWITZ, G.M., and THOMPSON, K. 1980. Olfactory influences on the human menstrual cycle. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 13:737-738.
19. SPIELMAN, A.I., TURNER, G., ZENG, X.-N., LEYDEN, J.J., and PRETI, G. 1994. Immunohistochemical localization of two protein precursors of the axillary odor. Chem. Senses 19:556-557 (abstract).
20. SPIELMAN, A.I., ZENG, X-N., LEYDEN, J.J., and PRETI, G. 1995. Proteinaceous precursors of human axillary odor: Isolation of two novel odor-binding proteins. Experientia 51:40-47.
21. STERN, K.N., and MCCLINTOCK, M.K. 1993. Pheromonal regulation of the human menstrual cycle. Conference on reproductive biology. East Lansing, Michigan, June 1993.
22. VAN DEN DOOL, H., and KRATZ, H. 1963. A generalization of the retention index system including linear programmed gas liquid partition chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 11:463-471.
23. ZENG, X.-N., LEYDEN, J.J., LAWLEY, H.J., SAWANO, K., NOHARA, I., and PRETI, G. 1991. Analysis of characteristic odors from human male axillae. J. Chem. Ecol. 17:1469-1492.
24. ZENG, X-N., LEYDEN, J.J., BRAND, J.G., SPIELMAN, A.I., MCGINLEY, K., and PRETI, G. 1992. An investigation of human apocrine gland secretion for axillary odor precursors. J. Chem. Ecol. 18:1039-1055.